Project base for Small scale dairy of indigenous cows.

1. NANDISHALA
COMPILED BY- BRIG(DR) RAJA RAM YADAV
GAU SEVA SANGAM
MANNIYA K.N. Govindacharya group

2. Establishment of Nandishala - essential step for Conservation,
Re-Development & Revival of Indigenous Cows
Nandishala,also known as a Mother Bull Farm, is a placewhere high quality pure breed bulls are kept. The purpose
of a Nandishala isto establish a breedingcenter containing pure quality of bulls and cows to produce better quality
calves. The breeding can be Natural or the semen can be collected, and used for breeding artificially. That semen
can be used for artificial insemination,as well as distribution acrossthestate for the facilitation of breeding across
the state for the identified breed locally.
Previously, best male calf were selected and converted
as breeding bulls of a particular breed in the
village/gaushala. Remaining male calves were converted
into bullocks for draught / agriculture purpose. Female
calves were converted to breeding cows for milk
production. the Nandi's were replaced every 3 years by
this selective method. Hence there was natural selection.
In this way, large number of breeds developed in various
geographical locations of the countries over the years.
Later work of the Nandishala / Provision of Nandi was
taken by the State Animal Husbandry Department and
supplied bull of a particular breed common to that village
and frequently replacement was also done. The male
calves were born in the village were converted to bullocks till this practice was going on, the protection of breed
was satisfactory.
Presently, since agriculture is mechanized and use of bullocks slowly stopped, and all male are roaming in the
village, hence the less pure male calf has taken the role of Nandi, which deteriorated the pure breeding program.
Government also started supplying processed semen
especially cross breed/ exotic breed of cows. Hence, pure
breeds became endangered.
Establishment of a future Nandishala has the following
requirements.
1. A2/ A2 allele genomic Quality pure breed male
calves produced by selection and culling
procedure and best to best breeding.
2. Rearing disease free male calves using proper
management practices
3. Exercise and Training of young calves to be
converted as healthy and strong nandis
4. Maintenance and management of Nandi's for provision of natural/artificial services for breeding cows.
5. Progeny testing of offspring to determine the quality of offspring

3. The Predominantly availablebreed in a nativezone should
be selected for the nandishala in that region. The
native environment suits the individual cow breed
specific to that nandishala, in effect reducing
medical impact on the cows. the already existing
veterinary & animal husbandry facilities,should also
be given consideration. since large number of
disease are present in the current stock, disease
free male and female calves should be selected and
utilized for this purpose which are healthier and
better for breeding.
A good Nandi should not only be considered on physical appearance, on the record of mother and bull. and its
performance should be best judged by the performance of its progeny for which progeny testing is essential part
of nandishala.Nandi has greater role to improve and conserve a particular breed since a single nandi can be used
over 1000 of cows by the modern breeding techniques like artificial insemination and once the semen of that bull
is preserved, it can be used for years, and hence conversation can be easily done.
A nandishala can be established in many forms.
1. Only male bulls are kept and replaced by local purchases
2. Many breeds of male bull can also be kept at one place
3. Best way is to keep and further produce own male calves/bulls at one location of a local breed
Annual production of 20 bulls will be sufficient for most of
indigenous cows’ breeds where semen can be
distributed amongst cows of that breed. Only A2/A2
allele bulls should be used for semen production
To produce 20 bulls annually, there is initial
requirement of 10 male calves, 87 heifers and 3
smaller male calves for teasing bull making for heat
detections as well as for psyco satisfaction of cows.

4. A project of Gangatiri breed Nandishala & gaushala in vicinity
of Varanasi
The Gangatiri cow breed is an important dual-purpose cow breed. It is an indigenous breed of cow from India
which is raised for milk production and also for draught purposes . These cows are well adapted to low to medium
input production system and produce about 2.5 to 8.0 Kg milk a day .The breed is known to be originated in the
region along the banks of Ganga river in the eastern Uttar Pradesh and western parts of Bihar state. It is a very
important dual-purpose breed of cattle of North India.
Total population of the Gangatiri cow has been reduced
recently. It is also known as Eastern Hariana or Shahabadi.
Currently main breeding tract of the breed includes Varanasi,
Ghazipur,Mirzapur and Ballia districts of Uttar Pradesh and
Bhojpur district of Bihar state.
Gangatiri cows are very beautiful animals with complete
white or grey color. Both cows and bulls have horns. And
their horns are medium in size and emerge from side of the
poll behind and above eyes in outward and curving upwards
and inwards ending with pointed tips. They have prominent
forehead which is straight and broad with shallow groove in
the middle. The color of the hooves, muzzle and eyelids are
generally black. Average body height of the mature bulls is
about 142 cm at the withers, and about 124 cm for the cows.
Gangatiri cows arevery hardy animals and they are known for their good draftability. They are mainly kept in open
or thatched housingsystem nearby the farmer’s house. Balanced or concentrate feeding is rarely observed and the
animals are kept for grazing 6 to 8 hours in a day. Breeding in majority of the animals is through natural mating.
Large herds are maintained in the Diyara, the area adjacent to the river Ganga and the herd size varied from 2 to
150 animals. Most of the farmers generally keep 2-3 cows and a pair of bullock.
Total population of the Gangatiri cattle in their breeding
tract was estimated approximately 67,000. Due to the good
drought ability and average milk production, the breed has
significantly contributed to the livelihood of the people in its
native area. The cows are somewhat good milkers, and on
average a cow can produce around 1050 kg of milk per
lactation.Although their milk production can vary from 900
to 1200 kg. Their milk is of very good quality containing
about 4.9 percent of butterfat content, varying from 4.1 to
5.2 percent. In addition to native area, local veterinarians’
facilities are needed for the Nandishala to function
properly. For gangatiri, Varanasi is best in the natural
climatic conditions as well as facilities available to those
specific areas. Hence the project should is planned around
50 km around Varanasi.

5. A 100 animal Nandishala of this breed can be sufficiently formed.
1. Selection of 10 Male calves best of breed for Nandis
2. Selection of 87 Female pure breed heifers
3. Selection of 3 Small Size Male calves for
making them teasing bull.
4. Rearing them in scientific way at one location
earmarked for Nandishala
5. Followingselection and cullingpolicy to allow
for best stock to remain
6. Training & Exercise facility for the bulls
7. Facility for collection of semen to be used as
liquid and frozen
8. Facility for artificial insemination
Land required for nandishala is calculated based on per animal requirement. for male animals, the total area
required is 400 Sq Ft per adult bull, (100 Sq ft covered, 200 Sq ft Open and 100 Sq ft for administration) and for
Female animals, the total area required is 300 Sq Ft per adult cow, (70 Sq ft covered, 130 Sq ft Open and 100 Sq ft
for administration). This totals up to 1 acre for shed and other administrative purposes. Also, for growing green
fodder, requirean additional acrefor every 25 animals.so 4 acres of agriculture land for a 100 animal nandishala.
Thus, total land requirement will be about 5 acres. In addition to the above, in the farms there is minimum need to
establish a bull training,a semen collection,and a semen preservation center also.the financials for theabove land
requirement can be ascertained by the prevailing local prices including the cost of the local Gangatiri
calves/heifers.
1. Bull Progeny Testing
Quality and effectiveness of existing bulls used can be better judged by the performance of their projeny in the
following 9 years
year 0 - mate the best available bull to the available same breed cows
year 3 - rear bull calves and take to AI stud for their further mating / semen collection
year 4 - distribute the calves semen across the state to be used with the same breed of cows
year 5 - new calves are born (third generation from the original bull)
year 8 - daughter are mated with newer bulls also meant for testing
year 9 - daughters start milking and their daily average yield is estimated and recorded
year 9 - pick the bull father from the highest average milking daughters.
2. Genomic Selection
Genetic selection is a better and shorter method to determine the final output and efficiency of the daughter cows
using technology and historical records. this technology is however yet to be adopted on the field in India. below
are the advantages of genetic selection.
1. Genetic gain at least double as compared to progeny testing.
2. By increasing accuracy of selection
3. Parent average ~0.4, Genomic EBV (Accuracies= 0.5-0.8)
4. By reducing the generation interval
5. Select animals at birth or even before birth.
6. Replace/combine progeny testing
7. Increased accuracy of female selection.
8. Reduced cost

6. Economics for breeding of 20 nandis and semen collection center
Fixed Cost:
Land requirement (35m2
/Bull): 700-800 m2
Exerciser: 1.5 Lakh
Cost of Construction of bull shed: 20 Lakh
Liquid nitrogen container: 5 lakh (Rs 50000/ Container)
Goblets, Canister: Rs 10,000
Artificial Vagina and its Part: Rs 50, 000
Biofreezer: Rs 25 Lakh
Microscope: Rs 1 lakh
Running water bath: Rs 5 lakh
Automatic Filling, Sealing and Printing Machine: Rs 45 Lakh
Recurring Cost:
Semen Straw: Rs 10, 0000/ Year
Dry fodder: Rs 10, 00000/ Year
Concentrate: 1.5 Lakh/ Year
Medicines,Vaccines: Rs 25, 000/ Year
Miscellaneous: Rs 1, 00, 000/ Year

7. Economy of Nandishala
A EXAMPLE OF SINGLE NANDI - GIR
Estab of semen processing and storage lab 5 crore
Cost of adult bull 12 lacs
Maintenance of bull for five production
years@500rs/day
500 X 5 X 365
912500say(10 lacs)
Stabling and other expanditure 90 lacs
Production of semen for five years 5*50
week*8000 doses@100rs/dose
5 X 50 X 8000 X 100
200 crore
Processing,training,marketing,men power and
expanditure
3 crore
Net gain of five years 200-10 190 crore
Annual gain 190/5 38 crore
This above calculation is based on 100% sale of the product frozen semen which is practically not
possible if we take 50% sale of product the income will be 19 crores annually

8. Economics of rearing 100 indigenous milking cows (financials)

9. Tentative layout plan of a nandishala
1. Mature male bull individual sheds
2. Young male nandi over 2 years male shed
3. Male claves 1-2 years
4. Semen collection area
5. Young bull training area
6. Working animal shed
7. AI / natural service area
8. Semen processing lab
9. Laboratory for sexing of semen
10.Hospital/Health check in
11.Nandi intimacy/chetna/pooja shed
1 2 3
4 5 6/11
7 8/9 10
Standard Nandi/Cow shed
Open Space(25 feet wide)
Covered Area(15 feet wide)
Feeding Area(10 feet wide)
Covered Area(15 feet wide)
Open Area(25 feet wide)

10. Tentative layout plan of a gaushala (milking cows)
1. Milking parlor / shed
2. Milk processing plant
3. Milk distribution / sale point
4. Milking cows shed
5. Dry cow shed
6. Heifer shed
7. Young calf male female shed
8. Mother cow chetna/intimation/pooja shed
1 2 3
4/7 5 6/8
Tentative layout plan of administrative areas
1. Dry fodder storage
2. Green fodder storage
3. Concentrate storage
4. Total mixed ration area
5. Silage
6. Azolla
7. Hydroponics
8. Green fodder production area
9. Grazing area
1 2 3
4
5 6 7
8 9

11. Other requirements for indigenous cows nandishala/gaushala
1. Energy production
a. Solar
b. Biogas
c. Biomass
2. Manure making
a. Celery and Compost
b. Microbial Fermentation
3. Panchgavya and other products
a. Gomaya
b. Gomutra
c. Wood Making
d. Mobile Phone chips
e. Vedic Platser
4. Cow Samadhi and Manure
1 2
3 4

12. Suggested location of breed wise Nandishala
NO. Breed Home Tract Location of Nandishala
1 Amritmahal Karnataka Hassan
Chickmanglur
CHiteradurga
2 bachaur Bihar Madhubani
Sitamari
3 Bargur Tamilnadu Erode Distt
4 Dangi Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh Nasik
Ahmednagar
5 Deoni Maharashtra and Karnataka Marathawada
6 Gaolao Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh Wardha
Balahghat
Chindwara
7 Gir Gujrat Junagarh
Bhavnagar
8 Hallikar Karnataka Hghata
9 Hariana Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan Hisar
10 Kangayam Tamilnadu Erode
11 Kankrej Gujarat and Rajasthan Kutch
Barmer
12 Kenkatha Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Bulendkhand

13. 13 Kherigarh Uttar Pradesh Lakhimpur
Khiri
14 Khillar Maharashtra and Karnataka Sholapur
15 Krishna Valley Karnataka Belgaum
Bijapur
16 Malvi Madhya Pradesh Ujjain
17 Mewati Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh Koshi
Mathura
18 Nagori Rajasthan Nagori
19 Nimari Madhya Pradesh Khandwa
20 Ongole Andhra Pradesh Kurnool
Chittoor
21 Ponwar Uttar Pradesh Pilibhit
22 Punganur Andhra Pradesh Chittoor
23 Rathi Rajasthan Bikaner
24 Red Kandhari Maharashtra Nanded
25 Red Sindhi On organized farms only Kalsi
26 Sahiwal Punjab and Rajasthan Ludhiyana
27 Siri Sikkim and West Bengal Darjelling
28 Tharparkar Rajasthan Jaisalmer
29 Umblachery Tamil Nadu Thanjavur
30 Vechur Kerala Kottayam

14. 31 Motu Orissa,Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh Koraput
32 Ghumusari Orissa Cuttack
33 Binjharpuri Orissa Jaijpur
34 Khariar Orissa Cuttack
35 Pulikulam Tamilnadu Ramanathapuram
36 Kosali Chhattisgarh Raipur
37 Malnad Gidda Karnataka Mysuru
38 Belahi Haryana And Himachal Pradesh Chandigarh
39 Gangatiri Uttar Pradesh And Bihar Varanasi
40 Konkaran
kapila
Goa and Maharashtra Goa
41 Badri Uttrakhand Almora
42 Lakhimi Assam Lakhimpur
43 ladakhi Jammu and Kashmir Leh

15. Nandishala application for Genetic Improvement &
Conservation of indigenous breeds of Cows
There are forty three recognized breeds of cow in India,in addition to largenumber of non descriptcows. In recent
times, several of the indigenous breeds suffered decline mainly due to their productivity becoming uneconomical.
Draught breeds utility has decreased becauseof mechanization in agricultureand policy to introduce crossing with
exotic breeds.
The local breeds have following merits over exotic breeds viz:
1. Better disease resistance than exotic breeds
2. More suitable for low input management system
3. Survive better in local environment
4. Suitable for draught work
5. Superior quality of products (Milk, Gomaya, Gomutra etc)
It is therefore important that Indigenous breeds of cows are conserved, developed and proliferated.
Gauvansh Revival Strategies
I. Establishment of Nandishala for each breed in their native region
Revised Breeding Policy
1. Center and States may review their respective breeding policy so as to prioritize conservation of
Indigenous breeds in their breeding tract and allowing no cross breeding of recognized indigenous cattle
in the home tract of important and recognized indigenous breeds.
2. Homecoming from crossbred/ exotic to near purebreed by crossing with Sahiwal/Tharparkar/Hariana
3. Upliftment of nondescript animal to nearest pure breed
Implementation of the Breeding Programme
1. Center and State may consider region specific and breed specific breeding strategies, programmes and
plans to implement the conservation programme.
2. Center and States may delineate and identify, in their respective breeding policies, the geographical
boundaries of the areas where non-descript cattle should be upgraded by crossing with bulls of
indigenous breeds. Once such areas are earmarked, no cross-breeding of non-descript cow, other than
with bulls of indigenous breeds, should be permitted.
3. The areas for cross-breeding of non descript cattle with exotic breed may be stopped altogether.
4. Homecoming of already existing cross/exotic breeds with milk breeds of indigenous cows.
Promotion of Breeders organization / NGO
Breeding Farms
The existing States breeding farms of indigenous breeds should be declared as germplasm repositories and used
for production of bulls. Only pure breeding should be practiced at these farms
Gaushala
Conservation efforts have mostly limited to institutional farms with small herd sizes, leaving larger parts of the
breeding tract totally neglected. There are large number of Gaushala have quite sizable populations of purebred

16. animal of Indigenous breeds but do not have the resources for maintaining and improving these animals. Such
Gaushala may be supported to maintain indigenous breeds so that they can supply improved quality of germplasm
for breeding. They should be provided with scientific and technical inputs and training for genetic evaluation.
The gaushala and religious places/ashrams should be encouraged to keep the local breed of cows for breeding
purpose.
Voluntary organizations/ NGO's
1. Breeder Association –without involvement and participation of farmer’s it is not possible to conserve the
breed. Improvement of Indigenous breeds can be taken up in collaboration with Breeders’ association
through selection of outstanding animals true to their breed types.
2. These Breeders’ association can be encouraged to form a Federation at the State/District level to take up
issues relating to conservation and development of respective indigenous breeds.States may consider
havingState level awards for Breeders’ associations and for progressive farmers who have contributed to
conservation and development of recognized indigenous breeds.
Use of Science and Technology
The application of advanced breeding technologies for propagation and improvement of indigenous breeds is a
relatively new phenomenon, one of the reasons for which may be the reluctance of the farmers, owning these
breeds to accept new and established techniques for reproduction. there should be policies and benefits driving
their usage within the farming community.
1. Technologies such as artificial insemination, sexing of semen, Frozen semen production, progeny testing,
embryo transfer technology should be used, after proper evaluation where ever required
2. National gene bank should maintain the germplasm in the form of semen & embryo. Regional gene banks
should meet the requirements of National gene bank
3. Indigenous sexed semen should be made available for more female production.
Records
1. A reliable data base should be developed with regard to all the details of Indigenous breeds, including
their breeding tracts, numbers, characterization, gene make up, the institutional farm where they are
being preserved and /conserved.
2. A breeding network should be set up by computerizing and net working all outlets, semen stations,
breeding farm and Gaushala, breeding farms, veterinary institutions and college / universities.
Public Awareness Program
1. Available information on different breeds should be published in the form of pamphlets, books, calendar
etc. This will create awareness and motivate farmers to conserve the important breeds.
2. Some farmers are the proud owner of the popular breeds of their area. Such farmers, if encouraged
through financial & veterinary help will help in preservation of breeds
3. Breeds shows should be arranged for local breeds and owners should be rewarded for maintaining pure
local breeds. Publish success stories on local breed conservation and innovative utilization.

17. Indigenous Cow breeds present status
Bio diversity: maximum biodiversity exists amongst indigenous breeds.
1. Milch Breeds.
Sahiwal, Gir, Rathi, Red Sindhi, Tharparkar,
2. Dual-purpose Breeds (Milch and Draft)
Hariana, Kankrej, Ongole, Deoni, Gaolao, Gangatiri, Krishna Valley and Mewati
3. Draft Breeds
Amritmahal, Bachaur, Bargur, Dangi, Hallikar, Kangayam, Kenkatha, Kherigarh, Khillar, Malvi,
Nagori,Nimari, Ponwar, Umblachery, Binjharpuri, Ghumsuri, Motu, Khariar, Pullikulam, Malnad
Gidda, Konkaran Kapila, Kosali, Red Kandhari and Siri
4. Small Sized Breeds
Vechur, Lakhimi, Bilahi, Ladakhi and Punganur are small sized breeds
5. Other populations
These include non descript animals that with two or more indigenous breeds mixed with non
specific breeds and not yet recognized
Alambadi,Kumauni,Nepalese Hill,ChittagongRed, Bengal, Lulu, Sinhala,Mampati,Manipari,Red
Purnea, Shahabadi , ThoTho and Tarai
Breakup of the total 190.9 million gau vansh population
1. 151.17 million indigenous cow
124.74 million non descript Indigenous
22.21 million population of well-recognized 43 cow breeds
4.22 million population of graded cow with indigenous breeds.
2. 39.73 million exotic/crossbred cow
The above statistics reveal that out of a total of 190.9 million, only 26.43 are indigenous, and from those only 11
million are actually breed able. Hence there is a clear need to control the cow population with the below points.
1. Lowering male population (61.95 million)
2. Reducing the number of stray cattle (5.29 millions)
3. Reducing the number of unproductive breedable cows (7.29 millions)
4. Lowering the population of trivial milk producers to a safer level
This can be easily done by providing seva and shelter to these groups till they are living in cows shelter
home/goshala and not permitted further breeding

18. Suggested Future Gau Vansh Improvement Policies
I. Grading up of non-descript cattle:
● Choice of the improver breed - closest to non-descript
● Proportion of population to be graded up/annum
● Bulls/semen doses required to be calculated
● Targeted milk yield with time frame (4kg/cow/day)
II. Selective breeding in draft cattle breeds:
● Multiplication of elite population of draft breeds (top 20%) for higher milk production through
selective breeding
● Production of superior males from elite cows at farm (top 20%) & under field conditions (top 20%)
● Bulls/semen doses required for AI & NS to be calculated
III. Grading up of surplus draft cows (bottom 20%):
● Choice of the improver breed
● Proportion of population to be graded up/annum
● Bulls/semen doses required for AI & NS to be calculated
IV. Selective breeding in milch and dual purpose cattle breeds:
● Multiplication of elite population of these breeds (5 mich breeds – Sahiwal, Gir, Rathi & Red Sindhi
and tharparkar) and (8 dual purpose breeds – Deoni, Gaolao, Hariana, Kankrej, Krishna Valley,
Mewati, Ongole and gangatiiri) for higher milk production
● Production of superior males from elite cows at farm (top 20%) & under field conditions (top 20%)
● Bulls/semen doses required for AI & NS to be calculated
● Targeted milk yield with time frame (6-8 kg/cow/day for milch & draft breeds)
V. Conservation of all indigenous breeds and descript populations:
● In situ & ex situ conservation of recognized breeds
● Conservation models can be framed breed wise
● Participation of various stakeholders like government agencies, farmers, religious people, scientist
and society in general
VI. Strengthening infrastructure/supportive facilities
● AI, embryo transfer and sexed semen
● Cattle Breeding Farms (7 Central & 165 State Govt. Farms should be tasked)
● 51 Semen Stations in the country should be also use for indigenous cows.
● Fodder Seed Production Units (1 Central Fodder Seed Production Farm and 7 Regional Stations for
Forage Production & Demonstrations should be strengthen
VII. Other aspects required attractions for indigenous cow
● Fertility management
● Health coverage
● Milk Procurement
● Insurance and risk coverage
● Finance/Credit facilities for insurance, subsidies and incentives
● Research in advanced areas like sexing of semen, genomic selection, embryo biotechnology etc.
VIII. Quality Marketing and Panchgavya uses

19. Other Suggestions
● Developing a roadmap for breeding and conservation
● Implementing field performance recording
● Developing reliable data banks on indigenous breeds
● Working out state-wise, area/zone-wise, breed-wise bulls/semen requirement.
● Networking and monitoring all AI centres, semen stations,breeding farms and gaushalas for targeted
deliverable outputs.
● Implementing breeding policy in stipulated time frame with identified breeding goal(s).
● Identifying areas for grading up of non-descript cattle.
● Conduct breed-wise livestock census.
● Improving the reproductive efficiency of indigenous cattle
● Effective utilization of stray cows by managing and using for gomaya & gomutra
● Producing more number of semen doses from bulls of indigenous breeds.
● Bullock use should be encouraged
● Providing AI services at the doorsteps of farmers.
Multiplication of superior germplasm using ET, ONBS, Ovum Pick-up and IVF techniques by government
institution at large scale
● Developing infrastructure for semen sexing of indigenous cattle.
● Import elite semen of indigenous breeds from other countries.
● Explore inter-country collaboration with neighboring countries.
● Strengthening Central Herd Registration Scheme
● Promoting Breeders’ Associations
● Publishing success stories on breed conservation and innovative utilization of indigenous breeds.
● Encouraging breed shows and milking competitions
● Declaringatleast one state cattle breeding farm as in-situ conservation and breeding centre for each
indigenous breed in its breeding tract.
● Effective use of gaushalas as in situ conservation units
● Providing economic advantage to cow keepers for conservation and multiplication of endangered
cow breeds
● Multiplication of superior germplasm at faster rate
● Value addition of the innate attributes indigenous cattle in terms of milk and other biomolecules/by
products
● Participation of all stakeholders in conservation & breed improvement programs.

20. Calculation of Nandi required breed wise
NO. Breed Home Tract Population Estimated breed able
population(in
millions)
Breed able
Nandi
Required
1 Amritmahal Karnataka
98169 0.039 20
2 Bachaur Bihar
451659 0.192 40
3 Bargur Tamilnadu 21312 100% conservation required
4 Dangi Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh 304232 1.3 28
5 Deoni Maharashtra and Karnataka 166025 0.73 350
6 Gaolao Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh 222663 0.81 500
7 Gir Gujrat 2103307 0.79 420
8 Hallikar Karnataka 2196698 0.80 430
9 Hariana Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan 2600122 0.96 515
10 Kangayam Tamilnadu 316166 1.26 620
11 Kankrej Gujarat and Rajasthan 388152 1.44 770
12 Kenkatha Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh 185886 0.80 400
13 Kherigarh Uttar Pradesh 17144 0.69 380
14 Khillar Maharashtra and Karnataka 1423742 0.66 330
15 Krishna
Valley
Karnataka 2314 100% conservation required
16 Malvi Madhya Pradesh 518452 0.61 340
17 Mewati Rajasthan, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh 75727 0.30 16

21. 18 Nagori Rajasthan 837344 0.35 18
19 Nimari Madhya Pradesh 309859 1.1 570
20 Ongole Andhra Pradesh 258240 0.9 450
21 Ponwar Uttar Pradesh 24012 100% conservation required
22 Punganur Andhra Pradesh 731 100% conservation required
23 Rathi Rajasthan 924087 0.34 183
24 Red
Kandhari
Maharashtra 178758 0.81 37
25 Red Sindhi On organized farms only 549432 0.20 109
26 Sahiwal Punjab and Rajasthan 457405 0.17 90
27 Siri Sikkim and West Bengal 61764 100% conservation required
28 Tharparkar Rajasthan 557679 0.21 110
29 Umblachery Tamil Nadu 218315 0.30 490
30 Vechur Kerala 3170 100% conservation required
31 Motu Orissa,Chhattisgarh and Andhra
Pradesh
702347 0.27 380
32 Ghumusari Orissa 100% conservation required
33 Binjharpuri Orissa 46680 100% conservation required
34 Khariar Orissa 100% conservation required
35 Pulikulam Tamilnadu 100% conservation required
36 Kosali Chhattisgarh 100% conservation required
37 Malnad
Gidda
Karnataka 100% conservation required

22. 38 Belahi Haryana And Himachal Pradesh 100% conservation required
39 Gangatiri Uttar Pradesh And Bihar Varanasi 100% conservation required
40 Konkaran
kapila
Goa and Maharashtra Goa 100% conservation required
41 Badri Uttrakhand Almora 100% conservation required
42 Lakhimi Assam Lakhimpur 100% conservation required
43 ladakhi Jammu and Kashmir Leh 100% conservation required
43 pure breeds require above numbers of nandi’s for pure breeding only.Low population and smaller breeds
needs 100%conservation policy.However for upgrading20% population of dual breeds there is another need of
about 3000 nandi’s of various improver breeds. For home coming of cross breeds there is also need of 8400
nandi’s out of Milch and dual breeds of indigenous cows/.The above calculations arebased upon 40% artificial
usage and 60% natural service.The Nandishala isessential notonly for conservation but to improve the cow s to
self sustainablelevel.Hence itis an important step to establish purebreed nandishalas.

23. ConservationandImprovement of MilchBreedof Cows SuggestedModel 1

24. Conservation and Improvement for Dual and Draft Breeds through
Societies - Model 2
Conservation for Small and Unrecognized Breeds- Model 3
Sincethe population of this group all theanimals should beconserved and preserved in theie nativearea by
breeding best to best.since there population is very small hence 100% conservation is needed
1 Identificaton of core breed 2 Establishment of breed association
3 Best to best breeding 4 Improvement and conservation of breed