Gamification and Education: a Literature Review

Gamification and Education:
a Literature Review
Ilaria Caponetto, Jeffrey Earp, Michela Ott
Institute for Educational Technology
Italian Research Council
ECGBL 2014 - Berlin 09-10 Oct. 2014

2
the use of game mechanics in non-gaming contexts ...
(so as to) create gameful experiences
!
(Deterding, Dixon, Khaled, & Nacke, 2011)
(Koivisto & Hamari, 2014)
!
in education
the introduction of game elements in the design (and
implementation) of learning processes
!
(Bellotti, et al., 2013)
the what
gamification Jeffrey Earp - ECGBL 2014, Berlin Oct. 9 2014

3
the why
enhance enacted processes and the experience of
those involved
!
!
strengthen engagement, change behaviours and
support innovation

4
the wherefore
supporting learning, employee performance, customer
engagement ... even crowdsourcing initiatives
!
! in education
!
make learning more motivating and engaging
!

5
the what's all this, then?
increasing number of services are being gamified
!
(Huotari & Hamari, 2012)
(Hamari, Koivisto, & Sarsa, 2014)
!
!b
y 2015 over half the organizations that deal with
innovation processes will have gamified their activities
to some extent
!
Gartner
!

6
the scenario
gamification is taking off in education
!
conviction that it supports and motivates students, and
can thus lead to enhanced learning processes and
outcomes
!
(Domínguez, et al., 2013)
(Kapp, 2012)
gamif/educ/ation
Jeffrey Earp - ECGBL 2014, Berlin Oct. 9 2014

7
the why
track emerging game-based innovation through the
research lens
!i
nvestigate semantic fuzziness of an emerging concept
and field - gamification vs GBL
gamif/educ/ation Jeffrey Earp - ECGBL 2014, Berlin Oct. 9 2014

8
the how
literature review started in early 2014
!
methodological steps identified by Rickinson & May
(2009)
!
!
scoping, searching, selecting, analysing,
synthesising and reporting !!!
gamif/educ/ation

ndexed databases of scientific publications - Web of
Knowledge, Scopus
!
academia-focused social networks - ResearchGate,
academia.org
9
scoping
corpus of scientific papers from
! the Web - Google Scholar
!i
gamif/educ/ation

!
search string = <gamif*> (gamification, gamify,
gamified, etc.) AND <education OR learning OR
training>
10
searching
!l
atitude = full-text
! time span = 2000 and early 2014
gamif/educ/ation

11
span
2000
2002 when the word gamification is held to have
been coined (Marczewski, 2012)
2014
gamif/educ/ation

and so what happen?
how many records? !
gamif/educ/ation
12

and so what happen?
number = 5,000 +
!
Google Scholar = 3,000 !
take 2: re-scoping
latitude = title
!
number = ?
gamif/educ/ation
13

take 2: re-scoping
latitude = title
!
number = 119
!
gamif/educ/ation = first appears in the title in 2011
!!
gamif/educ/ation
14

15
119 papers on the topic published between 2011 and
2014 in training and formal educational from primary
school to higher education.
!
!
The collected papers were analysed and classified
according to various criteria, including target
population, type of research (theoretical vs
experimental), kind of educational contents delivered,
and the tools deployed.
!
gamif/educ/ation Jeffrey Earp - ECGBL 2014, Berlin Oct. 9 2014

data
conceptual/theoretical papers (51%)
!
empirical studies (49%) !
wide range of learning objectives !i
nc. applied courses like graphic arts (Villagrasa & Duran, 2013)
and gardening (Watson, Hancock, & Mandryk, 2013).
!i
nc. transversal objectives like participatory & exploratory
approaches, peer collaboration, self-guided learning,
homework completion, assessment, creativty
gamif/educ/ation
16

17
Database Number of results
Research Gate 32
Scopus 17
academia.edu 13
Web of
Knowledge 12

18
7 papers in 2011 (6% of the sample), 26 papers in 2012 (22%), and 79 in 2013 (66%).

Jeffrey Earp - ECGBL 2014, Berlin Oct. 9 2014 19

20
Country Number of papers Percentage of total
USA 28 24%
Other (<3%) 22 18%
Canada 8 7%
Romania 8 7%
UK 8 7%
Spain 7 6%
Norway 5 4%
Portugal 5 4%
Australia 4 3%
Brazil 4 3%
Netherlands 4 3%
Poland 4 3%
Germany 3 3%
Greece 3 3%
Japan 3 3%
South Africa 3 3%
total 119 100%

22
globally “gamified” process, 9% gamification as a synonym of GBL , 16% Serious Game in a global
learning intervention that is gamified

24
14,000 words contained in the 119 abstracts
increase and improve = added value in learning processes
(Lee & Hammer, 2011).
!
motivate/motivation and engage/ment frequently =
expectations, often appear in the definition of gamification itself
(Groh, 2012).
!
university school and courses reflect the scope
social and design - innovative educational strategies
!l
exical nesting/loops via SoA, research reviews,
quotes, citations, etc.

www.magical-project.
net
paper on ResearchGate
25
Jeffrey Earp on the web

Gamification and Education: a Literature Review

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Gamification and Education: a Literature Review

Similar to Gamification and Education: a Literature Review (20)

More from Jeffrey Earp

More from Jeffrey Earp (13)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Gamification and Education: a Literature Review