Role of solar farm in power factor improvement of grid connected system. introduction how do solar panels work what is power factor with example and conclusion.

1. Rivesh Raja
11808112
K18JFA25

2. Case Study on
“Role of solar farm in power factor improvement of grid
Connected System “
Electronics and Communication Engineering
(ECE-131)
AsaAssignementforCourse

3.  Introduction
 How do solar panels work ?
 Solar energy for electricity
 How does solar energy work ?
 What is power factor ?
 Photovoltaic based on solar farm
 Power factor and the Grid
 Power factor and the grid connected PV systems
 Conclusion

4. To understand the role of solar farm in power factor
improvement of grid system.
First we need to know what exactly
a Solar Farm is,
what is power factor and
why we need it need to improve
our grid system

5. • Solar cells or photovoltaic cell convert sunlight
directly into electricity.
• Solar cells are made of special materials called semiconductor
• Like-Silicon(Si), Germanium(Ge) etc.
• When Light hits the solar cell, parts of energy absorbed and
electrons from the atoms of the semiconductor material is
released. When electrical conductor are attached to the positive
and negative sides, thus forming an electrical circuit,
The electrons can be captured in the form of electric current.
Thus, current together with the cell’s voltage(which is result of
Inbuilt electric field ), defines the power that the solar cell
can produce.

7. Solar energy can be converted into electricity with the use of
solar panels.
Solar panel installed on the roof of the household is
CAUGHT, CONVERTED & STORED
for future use.
We can install two type of systems:
Stand alone solar farm
(which generate for personal use)
A grid connected PV system
(generate power to public use)

11. Power factor is measure of phase difference between
voltage and current in an AC power system.

12. In purely resistive loads current in phase with voltage
there is “unity power” factor.
Capacitive and Inductive loads will cause the current to
“lead” or “lag” the voltage
there is “non unity power” factor.
Non unity power factor means a load is consuming
both active and reactive power
ACTIVE POWER: useful component of the AC power and is what
contributes to the system.
REACTIVE POWER: oscillation between generation of power and load.
Doesn’t work in system.
However is important to maintain the voltage in the system.

13. PV based solar farm uses PV panels to generate clean and green
electricity locally at large scale which is then feed into grid.

14. Simple block diagram of solar farm which shows
main components of solar farm
Other components of solar farm are cabling network,
step-up transformer and power lines.

15. Solar panel is a collection of solar cells connected together
desired power generation

16. The supply of reactive power is very important
in an AC power grid. The amount of power produced by
the generators must closely match that which is being consumed.
A leading power factor in the system( due to capacitive loads)
cause the voltage to rise and a lagging current( due to inductive loads)
will cause the voltage fall.
From the phase diagram we see, increasing the reactive power
increases the apparent power but has no effect on the active power.
This means generators in the generators in system must apply
more apparent power even thought there is no additional
work being done by system.

17. Example : Consider the situation in figure
Factory consuming
100kW of active power
Resulting power factor
lagging.

18. If this factory install a 60kW PV System that exported at a unity power
factor, only the active power that is imported from the grid would be affected
This phase diagram shows that the effect of reducing the power
factor to 0.77 lagging.
This shows poor power
factor.

19. Factory with the inverter set to a power factor of 0.95 leading.
PV system produce
active power= 57kW
reactive power= 18.7kVAr
Reducing amount
of both active & reactive
power from grid
The resultant power factor is therefore maintained at it was originally at 0.95
lagging.

20. It would be possible to configure this inverter to produce
more reactive power and bring the factory to unity power factor.
The optimal power factor that the inverter is programmed to export
at will depend on the energy contract of the consumer
Any solar system should therefore be designed to produce the
maximum amount of saving across all these areas.

22. PV- based solar farm has become clean and cheap source of electric
energy in recent few years. Solar farm can be utilized in standalone
mode or in conjunction with the Grid to supply the load connected to the network.
When it is used in conjunction with the main Grid then it can be used to supply the
excess reactive power required by the load. In this way solar farm can reduce
extra burden on the main Grid and improve the performance of complete network
under normal switching load conditions. Also it can be used under fault condition
to support the phases so that the performance Analysis of Grid connected
Solar Farm by Power Factor Control effect of fault can be reduced and
aid to the robustness of the network.
Hence performance of the system has been analyzed.
From the simulation results it can be concluded that solar farm
enhances the performance of the system and hence it has better performance
than a Grid network system without solar farm compensation unit.