According to Michel de Certeau, the western culture of photographic influences has remained limited to mediating a message through what can be observed that is evoking the essence of natural beauty(Nisbett et al, 2003). The perspective of people in the west with regard to the above mentioned figures will be limited to an art work based on photographic elements to enhance tourist aspects of the place and attract them to its natural beauty(Paine et al, 1955). There is no approach made to conquer the viewer with respect to understanding of the culture from the west. The conception holds to focus more on elaborating the photographic element of the overall photo rather than its parts(Nisbett et al, 2001).

1. EASTERN AND WESTERN
PHOTOGRAPHY DIFFERENCES
Research

2. Table of Contents
1. Scenery Photography (Western Culture)...............................................................................2
2. Scenery photography (Eastern Culture)................................................................................3
3. Portrait Photography ............................................................................................................4
Eastern culture ........................................................................................................................4
Western Culture ......................................................................................................................6
4. Still Life photography (most influential) ..............................................................................7
Eastern Culture........................................................................................................................9
General Comparison between East and West photography ........................................................13
References ................................................................................................................................15

3. 1. Scenery Photography (Western Culture)
(Panofsky, 1981)
The above 4 mentioned pictures belong to the Grand Teton National Park of the great Snake
River Scenery Overlook for showing the way in which these 4 scenery shots belonging to the
western culture associate with highlighting the photographic element from the west (Nisbett,
2003). According to Michel de Certeau, the western culture of photographic influences has
remained limited to mediating a message through what can be observed that is evoking the
essence of natural beauty(Nisbett et al, 2003). The perspective of people in the west with regard
to the above mentioned figures will be limited to an art work based on photographic elements to
enhance tourist aspects of the place and attract them to its natural beauty(Paine et al, 1955).
There is no approach made to conquer the viewer with respect to understanding of the culture
from the west. The conception holds to focus more on elaborating the photographic element of
the overall photo rather than its parts(Nisbett et al, 2001).

4. 2. Scenery photography (Eastern Culture)
As indicated by Panofsky, the representation through pictures is better done when landscapes are
represented through them. Mountains and water literally are perceived in the east as sansui
implying nature. The following four images have been taken from Japanese perspective of
culture by which photography has developed based on the view of the artist with regard to sun,
moon and stars forming the base of the scenic photography. Figure 1 represents the importance
of sun to living beings and the elements of Japanese culture are evident in the picture. Figure 2
on the other hand has revealed the infinite intimate feelings existing between dawn and the time
before morning(Lappano et al, 2010). The importance of sun coming from behind the mountain
is also a sign to represent its beautiful presence.

5. (Miyamoto et al, 2006)
Figure 3 has been taken by Tadayuki Naito who has taken an attempt to click the contemplated
scenery of the moon in order to reflect the culture of Japan in its most effective manner. The
place is Shisendo, built by Ishikawa Jozan, 1641 (Panofsky, 1955). As per the culture of
Japanese, the combined contemplation of snow, flowers, moon and the natural beauties has been
prominent since historical photography times in Japan.
3. Portrait Photography
Eastern culture

6. (Squads from Japan on a suicide mission fighting bravely in the Port Arthur Naval Battle during
the war between Russo-Japan in 1904, Unidentified artist)
(Shimada, 1990)
(Samurai Photographers portrait of Emperor Meiji, Japan)
(Murakami et al, 2000)

7. Western Culture
(Developed by Edward S. Curtis)
(Kurtenbach, 2007)
(By John Parrot)

8. (Tupitsyn, 1996)
4. Still Life photography (most influential)
(By James Leo Herhily, based on American drama film, 1969)
(Gombrich, 2000)

9. (Alfred Steiglitz, U.S)
(Bathes, 2002)

10. Eastern Culture

11. (KyuHak, Korea)
(Jenkins et al, 1975)
Hiroshige, Japan) (Burtynsky, 2010b)

12. (
(Edward Burtynsky, China): Even though Burtynsky was not from Eastern Culture and did not
have any relation to Chinese photographical elements, the artist took over Easter photographic
culture has his mainstream because of the vast extent of development especially ever since
industrial revolution took place in China that caused an impact on environment, people and even
the external world(Burtynsky, 2010).

13. (By Liu-XiaoFang): Mostly the photographs developed by the artist are based on composed
lyrics in alignment to the horizons (a line where merger of sky and sea) is visible leading towards
traditional and contemporaneity present in Asia to unite. The little girls image in the figure
provides a fantasy setting when viewed simply used to depict the various fascinating
circumstances that she gets into through the landscape(Peter, 2000). The image was even
selected for Beijing Olympic Games in the year 2008 especially due to the fairy tale creativity
that the image adds.

14. (Magitte, R. (1933). The Human Condition, U.S): was developed in 1933. Ren Magritte was a
surrealist photographer from Belgium. The image depicts an inside of a room without showing
what is inside the room to focus the viewer on the landscape portion exactly covered by the
window frame. The art work however is famous due to the complications that the artist presented
illustrating the placement of painting representing the landscape portion exactly being covered
with the help from the painting(Warner, 2002). Therefore, the tree depicted in the image will
hide the tree behind.
General Comparison between East and West photography
Western theory of Photography as per Barthes article, Rhetoric of the Image, lies in the image
being an extreme system of rudimentary nature when compared to language. The linguistic
message and the denotations from the image of western culture are the main factors that
distinguish the western culture photography from eastern photography styles.

15. The culture in the East has a level of perception that binds the photograph with its subject
however, what seems evidently significant to one culture does not relevantly stand true from the
perspective of other cultures. Therefore, often there has been misinterpretation of Eastern
imagery used in the form of rhetoric messages. The sense of space according to the Eastern
culture is also very crucial. Spatial perception sense however as a technique to represent pictorial
graphics has been used limitedly in Japanese cultures whereas the spatial perception has been
neglected or paid less attention upon from the perspective of Western culture (Triandis, 1995)
. In accordance to Panofsky, who illustrated a study of perspective of geometry in, it was argued
that a surface of pictures construct on lost principle is its mainframe materiality and only then the
picture has the ability of being projecting as a spatial continuum or a pictographic place. This is
the space which also implies to consist of all the several distinct objects and it is also infinite in
nature with stability and space of homogenous nature. Furthermore, it is this space wherein every
object has a location as their general perspective condition. This was contrasted by Panofsky
with the traditional spatial conception which had its basis on corporality over 3 dimensions.
When objects were combined, they were laid out by people in the form of a cluster of plastic.
The following given picture represents a hero who is prepared to suicide with arms but the palm
trees are separately depicted disregard to any relationship with size or with region. This does not
involve any perception.
The complete western geometrical perspective absorption, Japan started with the end of 18th
century by Shiba. Before this, the use was with ukiyoe for producing an in-depth effect and with
this striking contrast, the name of the pieces was also given differently, nameluki-e implying a
relief painting. The use of different names itself has reflected new technique being used to imply
the different perspective of East from the West.

16. (Hight et al, 2002)
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