East Coast Fever Vaccine Frontier Research Project

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Presentation by John McDermott to the CGIAR Alliance Deputy Executive (ADE) and Private Sector Committee (PSC) Workshop on Public Private Partnerships, November 11-13, 2009, Zurich, Switzerland. http://www.cgiar.org/psc/

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East Coast fever Vaccine Frontier Research Project ILRI, TIGR, Ludwig Cancer Institute (Belgium), University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford, Merial, UK-DFID Presentation by John McDermott to the CGIAR Alliance Deputy Executive (ADE) and Private Sector Committee (PSC) Workshop on Public Private Partnerships November 11-13, 2009, Zurich, Switzerland http://www.cgiar.org/psc

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T.parva vaccine research portfolio Brown ear tick Schizont infected cells Sporozoites Piroplasms Merogony Anti-sporozoite antibodies Anti-schizont cellular response Live vaccine Controlled infection

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ECF VACCINE RESEARCH STRATEGY - ROLES ANTIGEN IDENTIFICATION ANTIGEN DELIVERY sequencing Proteomics ACGCTGCATC CTAGCCTAAA ATCGTCCTAT AACGTACGAT TATTTACGAT Random cDNA Oxford technology COS cell transfection 500-1000 Genes Evaluation in Cattle Candidate Genes Rapid Screening Assays – Antigens Identified Cloning PROOF OF CONCEPT (Evaluation in Cattle) ELISPOT 2001 2001 2001 2002/3 2003/4 2002 Merial technology TIGR LCI ILRI ILRI Merial Oxford ILRI

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International Livestock Research Institute Better lives through livestock Animal agriculture to reduce poverty, hunger and environmental degradation in developing countries www.ilri.org

This project aims to develop an effective lure to attract female Queensland fruit flies (Qfly) to improve biosecurity. The lure would be used to monitor and control Qfly populations, reducing damage to commercial fruit crops. Researchers are testing blends of fruit volatiles and other chemicals to attract female flies. They are also using new techniques like brain imaging to understand how flies perceive odors and design better lures. Successfully creating an effective female lure would benefit fruit growers through lower production losses and pest management costs. It could also help control Qfly in integration with other techniques like sterile insect releases.

Insect surveillance and eradication

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

This document summarizes the work of Professor Max Suckling on insect surveillance and eradication. It discusses how he brought new tools like SPLAT and CMB pheromones to Australia and brought rigor to mass trapping. It outlines his capacity building efforts and over 20 peer-reviewed publications. Key benefits are new technologies for pest suppression and knowledge about eradication tactics. Challenges include onerous legislation and operating in urban environments.

Detection and surveillance of phylloxera using qPCR

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

This document discusses the development of a protocol for detecting the grape pest phylloxera using quantitative PCR (qPCR) in soil samples. The objectives are to create a sampling and detection method that is accurate, sensitive, cost-effective and can be applied to other pests. It aims to obtain endorsement to incorporate the qPCR method into the national phylloxera management standard. The research aims to benefit the wine industry through improved surveillance and early detection of phylloxera, as well as regulators and researchers.

Rapid Post Entry Quarantine disease screening

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

Plant industries experience significant delays and costs obtaining new imported plant stocks due to lengthy post-entry quarantine (PEQ) disease screening processes. Using next-generation sequencing of small RNAs, researchers can rapidly detect viruses in plant samples, finding additional pathogens not detected by current PEQ protocols. This new technique could reduce PEQ time from 2.5 years to 6-12 months, providing faster access to new plant genetics and earlier identification of emerging threats. The research aims to develop an online diagnosis toolkit and engage policymakers and end-users to adopt this technique, benefiting Australian and New Zealand plant industries through improved biosecurity and profitability.

More effective surveillance design for horticulture biosecurity threats

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

This document discusses optimizing surveillance design for horticulture biosecurity threats. It notes that effective surveillance is needed for early detection and response to incursions. The research aims to determine the best design for surveillance systems, including sample size, location, frequency, and new technologies. Case studies looking at potato cyst nematode, grape phylloxera, and Mediterranean fruit fly are exploring different surveillance strategies. The goal is to develop more effective and lower-cost surveillance methods to improve detection and support industry and trade. Benefits would include quicker detection and eradication of threats.

Natural dispersal as a biosecurity risk - are we prepared?

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This document discusses natural dispersal as an underestimated biosecurity risk for Australia. Researchers are reviewing wind patterns and trajectories from Indonesia to identify high priority pests that may enter through long distance wind dispersal. They are analyzing industry biosecurity plans and surveillance techniques like trap design to improve early detection. The research aims to deliver improved targeted surveillance protocols through publications and training. This will benefit biosecurity planning, market access for industries, and timely pest responses.

Developing tools for in-field surveillance of pathogens

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Quarantine and surveillance modelling for horticulture biosecurity threats

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This document summarizes research aimed at improving biosecurity decision making for plant pathogens through surveillance modeling. The researchers are developing models and protocols to optimize quarantine zone setting, eradication strategies, and incursion responses. Models of Panama Tropical Race 4 spread and Queensland fruit fly population genetics inform decision processes. The research will deliver publications, conferences, software, and training to benefit state governments, surveillance providers, and horticultural industries through smarter pest detection and control.

This document summarizes a research project studying the molecular response of tephritid fruit flies to sublethal stresses. The project aims to: 1) Identify the molecular pathways activated in fruit flies exposed to heat, cold, radiation, and parasitic infection stresses. 2) Construct a regulatory network of stress response genes in two key fruit fly pests. 3) Validate specific genes' roles in stress response through functional assays. The goal is to develop more effective and environmentally friendly postharvest treatments for controlling fruit flies, providing benefits to the horticulture industry, government pest management strategies, and researchers.

Design and Evaluation of Targeted Biosecurity Surveillance Systems

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Surveillance systems are an essential component of biosecurity. Design of biosecurity surveillance systems may include designs of grids of static traps, plans for field sampling, or deployment of potentially "game-changing" mobile trap technology. The aim of these systems is to achieve defined detection objectives, (e.g. early detection, supporting area-freedom status) at minimum cost. This project will develop and apply statistically-based surveillance systems that account for organism biology, trap behaviour and landscape characteristics.

Challenges with implementing a new diagnostic platform in Post Entry Quarantine

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The diagnosis of viral pathogens is a crucial component of plant biosecurity surveillance and preventing the introduction of exotic plant viruses and viroids at the border. Existing quarantine procedures can be time-consuming and require detailed knowledge of potential infecting viral pathogens. Currently, imported plants can spend as long as two years in quarantine, with associated costs. To simplify the post-entry quarantine process researchers have developed a plant diagnostic toolkit for plant viruses and viroids. The toolkit takes advantage of the natural antiviral system of plants, using small RNA next generation sequencing (sRNA-seq) technology to detect nearly all known viruses and viroids in a single test. The new test, and associated toolkit, will reduce the time imported plant material spends in Australia’s quarantine system while improving accuracy of detection in a single sRNA-seq experiment.

New tools for field grains surveillance

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This document discusses a project to develop new tools and technologies for field grain surveillance and diagnostics of high priority exotic pests. It involves developing smart insect and spore traps using sensors, GPS, and wireless transmission. The traps will detect and identify endemic and exotic pests and pathogens. Researchers are testing pheromone stacking, suction traps, and mobile jet spore samplers. Samples will undergo qPCR diagnostics to identify mixed populations. The goal is a coordinated surveillance network using smart sampling and lab-based identification to rapidly detect and report biosecurity threats.

Disinfestation for market access

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

This document summarizes a research project aimed at developing new export protocols for Australian and New Zealand horticultural commodities that are effective at controlling quarantine pests, efficient for trade, and economically feasible. The project conducted a review of disinfestation technologies and research, as well as current export protocols. Workshops with industry identified priorities such as standardizing cold treatments and developing protocols to enable air freight exports. Phase 2 will focus on cold treatment data for major fruit fly pests and developing new protocols combining technologies like cold treatments and controlled atmospheres. The research aims to maintain and expand trade by safeguarding industries from pest risks.

Session 4: Development of low oxygen / nitrogen technologies

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The development of insect resistance to the key fumigant phosphine is driving renewed interest in the development of alternatives. One such alternative is the use of low oxygen atmospheres that are usually created through the generation of nitrogen. However, the costs of nitrogen generation have been a longstanding barrier to the adoption of the low oxygen atmospheres in agricultural storages such as grains. The research team has taken advantage of recent advances in the cost of nitrogen generation (membrane technology) to assist industry overcome operational barriers to uptake of the technology.

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This document summarizes a presentation on using next generation sequencing (NGS) to improve virus and viroid detection for plants in post-entry quarantine (PEQ). Current PEQ diagnostic methods are slow and can miss pathogens. The presentation describes how NGS allows rapid and reliable detection of viruses without prior knowledge. A project found viruses in 68% of plant samples tested using NGS compared to traditional methods. NGS could reduce PEQ time from over 2 years to 6-12 months. Industry representatives expressed support but want more validation before fully adopting NGS for high-stakes pathogen testing and certification schemes. The project aims to provide more evidence and training to facilitate adoption of NGS for improving plant biosecurity.

Session 6: New tools for field grains surveillance

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Early and accurate detection of bacterial pathogens

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This document summarizes a research project that aims to develop accurate and rapid diagnostic tools for detecting exotic bacterial plant pathogens through genome-informed design. The project is developing PCR and LAMP-based diagnostics for key pathogens like Erwinia amylovora and Xanthomonas citri. Field-deployable tools like LAMP and RPA are also being validated for "smart surveillance" directly in the field. The diagnostics and training provided by this research will benefit biosecurity agencies, diagnostic laboratories, and the horticultural industry by facilitating early detection and a rapid response to incursions.

Session 2: New tools for field grains surveillance

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Genome informed diagnostics

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

This document summarizes a project that aims to develop diagnostic tools for detecting exotic plant pathogens using a genome-informed approach. The project generates knowledge of plant pathogenic bacteria and strategies for diagnostic development. Key outputs include scientific publications, diagnostic protocols validated in Australia, and tools to facilitate early detection and response. The diagnostics produced will help secure border protection and support trade by enabling accurate identification of pathogens.

Fruit fly research - a national approach

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre

This document discusses the development of a national fruit fly research, development and extension plan in Australia. It notes that fruit flies significantly impact the horticulture industry, costing over $270 million annually. It outlines that a national strategy and implementation plan have already been developed. A writing group is creating a 20-year RD&E plan to support a coordinated national approach to managing fruit flies. Regional workshops were held between June and August 2015 to identify research priorities. The goal is to reduce treatment costs, improve fruit fly control programs, and facilitate domestic and international trade of Australian horticultural products.

Rethinking biosecurity inspections using statistical modelling and simulation...

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Ships arriving in Australia may have visited multiple ports along the way. These complex pathways present opportunities for pest species, such as the Asian Gypsy Moth, to arrive into Australia from indirect routes. Understanding those pathways that link Australia directly or indirectly to countries in which a pest or disease occurs is necessary to identify arriving ships with the highest likelihood of carrying hitchhiker species. This project proposes to address three important questions: 1. What general shipping pathways pose the greatest risk? 2. How to make decisions regarding what ships to search? 3. How much inspection to conduct?

Session 6: Optimizing surveillance protocols using unmanned aerial systems

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Here we update on fundamental systematics research and the development of new potential molecular markers to improve on current diagnostic tools. We also link these molecular tools with physical specimens, documenting the range of morphological variation so as to greatly improve on available resources used to diagnose fruit flies in the field as part of surveillance programmes or at border interceptions.

Session 6: Design and Evaluation of Targeted Biosecurity Surveillance Systems

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Traps can now be constructed to automatically report captured insects using digital technologies. This project examines trap design and deployment strategies like trap placement, efficiency, and attractants. The study organism is the Hessian fly, a pest of wheat that causes significant yield loss. Results of the objectives will benefit US and Australian wheat producers by developing efficient monitoring methods and management strategies to minimize yield loss and export restrictions, helping biosecurity and research/extension agents.

Session 6: Citizen science to surveillance: Estimating reporting probabilitie...

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Up until mid-2016, citizen science uploads to the Atlas of Living Australia (ALA) included c. 400 bug species, and c. 1,000 beetle species. Given the short time period (c. 3 years) over which most of these records have accumulated, this represents a considerable reporting effort. The key question from a plant biosecurity context is how this level of reporting translates to the detection and reporting of exotic insect pests in the event of an incursion.

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Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!

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Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application. This talk covers: Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications. Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications. Solving Mobile app CTF challenges. Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware. How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.

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Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API? Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose? Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs? Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!

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Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.

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I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems. The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS. Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application. I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.

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This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).

Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their Mainframe

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Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market. Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.

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1. East Coast fever Vaccine Frontier Research Project ILRI, TIGR, Ludwig Cancer Institute (Belgium), University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford, Merial, UK-DFID Presentation by John McDermott to the CGIAR Alliance Deputy Executive (ADE) and Private Sector Committee (PSC) Workshop on Public Private Partnerships November 11-13, 2009, Zurich, Switzerland http://www.cgiar.org/psc

3. T.parva vaccine research portfolio Brown ear tick Schizont infected cells Sporozoites Piroplasms Merogony Anti-sporozoite antibodies Anti-schizont cellular response Live vaccine Controlled infection

6. ECF VACCINE RESEARCH STRATEGY - ROLES ANTIGEN IDENTIFICATION ANTIGEN DELIVERY sequencing Proteomics ACGCTGCATC CTAGCCTAAA ATCGTCCTAT AACGTACGAT TATTTACGAT Random cDNA Oxford technology COS cell transfection 500-1000 Genes Evaluation in Cattle Candidate Genes Rapid Screening Assays – Antigens Identified Cloning PROOF OF CONCEPT (Evaluation in Cattle) ELISPOT 2001 2001 2001 2002/3 2003/4 2002 Merial technology TIGR LCI ILRI ILRI Merial Oxford ILRI

10.

11. International Livestock Research Institute Better lives through livestock Animal agriculture to reduce poverty, hunger and environmental degradation in developing countries www.ilri.org

Editor's Notes

Original proposal UK£ 15 million over 6 years
Important research culture change
Layered IP – combination of public access and flexibility with exclusivity linked to private IP
Important research culture change
Important research culture change

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