earthen dams - 2022-12-16T235122.473.pptx
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Earthen dams are dams constructed primarily from excavated natural earth or rock-fill materials. They are typically built in wide valleys with flat slopes and can be constructed on almost any type of foundation if suitable foundation treatment and seepage control measures are implemented. The main advantages of earthen dams are that they are usually cheaper to construct than other dam types if suitable materials are locally available, can be built relatively quickly, and do not require highly skilled labor. However, their maintenance costs tend to be high and they are more prone to sudden failure without warning compared to other dam types. The design of an earthen dam is influenced by many factors related to the available construction materials, intended reservoir purpose, site conditions, climate
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Dam is a solid barrier constructed at a suitable location across a river valley to store flowing water.
Storage of water is utilized for following objectives:
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Dams.pptx
Dams are built across rivers to store water and generate hydropower. The main purposes of dams are to store water for irrigation, water supply, flood control, and hydropower generation. Dams confine river water, creating reservoirs that allow water to be used for these human purposes. The earliest known dam dates back to 3000 BC in Jordan, while ancient civilizations like Egypt, Yemen, India, and China also constructed dams. Larger dams began being built in the early 19th century, with notable examples including the Hoover Dam built in the 1930s. Dams come in different types depending on their structure and materials, such as arch dams, gravity dams, and embankment dams. Hydropower generation is
Dams PPT
A dam is a hydraulic structure of fairly impervious material built across a river to create a reservoir on its upstream side for impounding water for various purposes. A detailed ppt on dams,its types,pros and cons.
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Dams are solid barriers constructed across rivers to store flowing water for uses like hydropower, irrigation, water supply, flood control, and navigation. The main types of dams are gravity dams, buttress dams, arch dams, and earth dams. Gravity dams are massive concrete structures where the weight forces are transmitted straight down. Buttress dams are reinforced gravity dams with structural supports. Arch dams are curved upstream to transmit water forces to the valley walls. Earth dams are broad, trapezoidal structures built of compacted earth and rock when foundations cannot support heavier dam types.
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- 1. EARTHEN DAMS • Engr Sardar Ahmed Mahmood Khan
- 3. Classification of Dams Dam Classification Based on Function Storage Dam Detention Dam Diversion Dam Debris Dam Coffer Dam Tailings dam Based on Hydraulic Design Overflow Dam Non-overflow Dam Based on Material of Construction Masonry Dam Concrete Dam Earth Dam Rockfill Dam Timber Dam Steel Dam Composite Dam Based on Structural Action Gravity Dam Embankment Earth Dam Rockfill Dam Arch Dam Buttress Dam
- 7. Gravity Dam Suitable across moderately wide valleys and gorges having steep slopes Can be constructed to very great heights, provided good rock foundations are available. Can be used as an overflow spillway section The maintenance cost is very low. Does not fail suddenly – sufficient reaction time Can be constructed during all types of climatic conditions.
- 8. Arch Dam • It is a curved masonry or concrete dam, convex upstream, which resists the forces acting on it by arch action. • Arch shape gives strength • Less material (cheaper) • Narrow sites • Need strong abutments
- 9. Buttress Dam Buttress is a support that transmits a force from a roof or wall to another supporting structure A buttress dam consists of water retaining sloping membrane or deck on the u/s which is supported by a series of buttresses The buttresses are in the form of equally spaced triangular masonry or reinforced concrete walls or counterforts. The sloping membrane is usually a reinforced concrete slab Can be constructed over relatively weaker foundation
- 10. Buttress Dam In some cases, the u/s slab is replaced by horizontal arches supported on buttresses (multiple arch buttress dam) In general, the structural behavior of a buttress dam is similar to that of a gravity dam
- 11. Earth Dam • An earth dam is made of earth (or soil) • It resists the forces exerted upon it mainly due to shear strength of the soil and to some extent due to its weight • Usually built in wide valleys having flat slopes at flanks (abutments) • Can be built on all types of foundations • May be homogenous or zoned
- 18. Earth Dam (Pros and Cons) Pros • Earth dams are usually cheaper than gravity dams if suitable earth for construction is available near the site. • Can be constructed on almost all types of foundations, provided suitable measures of foundation treatment and seepage control are taken. • Can be constructed in a relatively short period. • The skilled labor is not required in construction of an earth dam • Can be raised subsequently. • Are more earthquake-resistant than gravity dams Cons • Not suitable for narrow gorges with steep slopes. • Cannot be designed as an overflow section • Cannot be constructed in regions with heavy downpour, as the slopes might be washed away • The maintenance cost of an earth dam is quite high; requires constant supervision. • Sluices cannot be provided in a high earth dam to remove slit. • An earth dam fails suddenly without any sign of imminent failure
- 19. TYPES OF EARTHEN DAMS w.r.t HEIGHT
- 32. Factors influencing design Earth Dam Soil available for construction Intended function of the reservoir Time constraints Size and shape of the valley Climate of the region Nature of the foundation Probable wave action River diversion Seismic activity
- 70. Thank you
Editor's Notes
- Soil available: Homogeneous, zoned and “random zones”, soil mixing, screening plant, material from required excavations Climate: Rainy, semi-arid and arid Foundation: Soft, pervious