EARTH MOVERS AND EXCAVATORS

CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS
EARTH MOVERSEARTH MOVERS
&
EXCAVATORS
SUBMITTED TO :
Ar. Salman Afaque
SUBMITTED BY :
•Mehul HotwaniAr. Salman Afaque •Mehul Hotwani
•Mohd. Faizan
•Richa Verma
•Sukirt Verma
•Vikash Chandra Sharma
B.Arch. 3rd Year (6th Sem.)

INTRODUCTION
Construction equipments are one of the very
important resources of modern-day construction,
especially in infrastructure projects. Such projects
utilize equipments for most of the works including
earthmoving operations, aggregate production,
concrete production and its placement, and so on.concrete production and its placement, and so on.
The choice of construction equipment defines the
construction method, which in a way leads to the
determination of time and cost for the project.
 There are different types of construction
equipments suitable for different activities in a
construction project which can be classified as –
Earth Moving & Excavation Equipments
Hauling Equipments
Hoisting Equipments
-Mehul Hotwani -Mohd. Faizan -Richa Verma -Sukirt Verma -Vikash Chandra Sharma
Hoisting Equipments
Conveying Equipment
Aggregate And Concrete Production Equipment s
Pile Driving Equipments
Tunneling And Rock Drilling Equipments
 Pumping And Dewatering Equipments

Types of earth moving
equipments include –
Tractor
Pneumatic Tyre Type
Crawler Type
EARTH MOVING & EXCAVATION EQUIUPMENTS
Crawler Type
Dozers
Crawler Type
Back Actors
Crawler Type
Scrapers
Graders
Graders
Power Shovels
Dragliners
Land Based
Pantoon Based
Trenchers

EARTH MOVING & EXCAVATION EQUIUPMENTS

Used for pushing and pulling
other equipments or heavy
loads.
Used for agricultural purposes.
Tractors can be classified into -
Crawler Type :
TRACTOR
Crawler Type :
Speed does not exceed 12kmph.•
Used to move bull dozers,
scrapers and wagons on rough
roads.
Not used in bituminous road..
It consist of chains which can
effectively pull machines in
loose or muddy soil.
CRAWLER TYPE
loose or muddy soil.
Pneumatic Tyre Type :
Speed can exceed 50kmph.
Used for long distance hauling
in good roads.
Engine is mounted on 4 wheels. PNEUMATIC TYRE TYPE

PARTS OF TRACTOR

The term "bulldozer or dozers" is
often used erroneously to mean any
heavy equipment (sometimes a loader
and sometimes an excavator),but
precisely, the term refers only to a
tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a
DOZERS
tractor (usually tracked) fitted with a
dozer blade.
A bulldozer is a large powerful
tractor, also called as crawler tractor
(track type or chain type) equipped
with a substantial (large) metal plate
(known as a blade) in front used to
push large quantities of soil, sand,
rubble, or other such material
PNEUMATIC TYRE TYPE
rubble, or other such material
(flattens areas of ground) during
construction or conversion work and
typically equipped at the rear with a
claw-like device (known as a ripper)
to loosen densely compacted
materials.
CRAWLER TYPE

PARTS OF DOZER

An excavating machine used to excavate
natural surface on which it rests.
Used to excavate trenches, grading
works which require precise control of
depths.
Operations :
BACK ACTOR
Operations :
Digging action results from the drag
or pull of bucket towards the machine.
The boom is set at desired angle.
The hoist cable is pulled in and the drag
cable is released, thus moving the bucket to
required position.
By pulling the cable the bucket is filled.
The bucket is lifted by raising the boom
PNEUMATIC TYRE TYPE
The bucket is lifted by raising the boom
and then swinging to dumping position.
Applications :
Suitable for digging below machine level.
Can be efficiently used to trim or dress
the surface avoiding manual effort.
CRAWLER TYPE

PARTS OF BACK ACTOR

Used for digging and long distance hauling of ploughable
materials.
A self operating machine which digs and picks up its own
load through scrapping the ground and hauls it over the
required distance.
SCRAPERS
required distance.
They are either cable or hydraulically operated.
Classified depending on the type tractor used to pull them –
Crawler Tractor Pulled
Wheel Tractor Pulled

PARTS OF SCRAPERS

GRADERS
A grader, also commonly referred to as a road grader, a blade , a
maintainer, or a construction machine with a long blade used to create a
flat surface.
Typical models have three axles, with the engine and cab situated above
the rear axles at one end of the vehicle and third axle at the front end of
vehicle, with the blade in between.
Uses :
vehicle, with the blade in between.
Uses :
Used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat surface for the
asphalt to be placed on.
Used to set native soil foundation pads to finish grade prior to the
construction of large buildings

PARTS OF GRADERS

POWER SHOVEL
Used to excavate earth and to load the
trucks.
Can excavate all types of earth, except
hard rock.
Its size depend upon size of work.
Size of power shovel (bucket size) varies
from 0.375 m³ to 5 m³.
Size of power shovel (bucket size) varies
from 0.375 m³ to 5 m³.
Operations :
It shall moved into the required position.
Bucket stick is lowered and cables are
moved such a way that the bite is made into
the ground.
By moving the bucket forward the earth get
excavated.
Then the bucket is swung back to the
required position and by opening the flap the
required position and by opening the flap the
excavated earth is unloaded into the truck.
Applications :
Suitable for close range works.
Capable of digging hard materials.
Used in various types of jobs, such as
digging in road works, gravel banks etc.

PARTS OF POWER SHOVEL

DRAGLINERS
It has a long light crane boom and the bucket
is loosely attached to boom through cables.
It can dig and dump over larger distances
than a shovel can do.
Used for digging below its track level and
handling softer material.
Dragliners can be crawler (pontoon) based or
handling softer material.
Dragliners can be crawler (pontoon) based or
wheel based.
Operations :
Bucket is lowered by releasing both drag and
hoist cable.
Hoist cable is slackened and the drag pull is
applied.
The earth get filled up and the bucket attains
a horizontal position.
When required dumping height is obtained,
When required dumping height is obtained,
the is swung to the position of dumping and the
drag brake is applied.
Applications :
Used for digging softer material.
It has long reaches.
Can be used in the excavation of canal.

PARTS OF DRAGLINERS

TRENCHERS
Used for excavating trenches for
laying pipelines, sewers, cables etc.
Quick operation giving required depth
and width.
Types :
 Wheel Type : Wheel Type :
 Depth upto 3 m.
Width - 0.3 m to 0.6 m.
Power driven wheel provided with a
number of detachable buckets.
A belt conveyor is used for discharging
the earth.
Ladder Type :
Consist of a telescopic ladder or a boom.
 Depth upto 10 m.
LADDER TYPE
 Depth upto 10 m.
Width of 3 m.
Not suitable for muddy and rocky soils.
With the help of gears speed can be
adjusted.
There are two endless chains on which
detachable buckets are mounted. WHEEL TYPE

PARTS OF TRENCHERS

S.NO. EQUIPMENT
POWER
(Horse Power)
CAPACITY
(M3)
BRAND
1. Tractor 15 - 480 -
Caterpillar
JCB
Mahindra
Swaraj
2. Dozers 105 - 890 2.21 - 27.2
JCB
Hitachi
Caterpillar
Bharat Earth Movers
3.
Back Actor (Backhoe)
(Boom Length – 20m)
68 - 150 0.24 - 6.7
JCB
Hitachi
Caterpillar
4. Scrapers 407 - 451 8.3 – 56.8
JCB
Hitachi
Caterpillar
5. Graders 125 - 535 0.9 – 3.1
JCB
Hitachi
Caterpillar
6.
Power Shovel
76 - 240 50 - 138
JCB
Hitachi
Caterpillar
6.
76 - 240 50 - 138
Caterpillar
7.
Dragliners
125 - 255 30 - 60
HEC
Caterpillar
Hitachi
Komatsu
8. Trencher 65 - 90
Depth – 3m – 10m
Width – 0.3m – 3m
Caterpillar
John Dheere
Toro
Vermer

EARTH MOVERS AND EXCAVATORS

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