The document discusses enhancing the quality of primary education in India. It outlines several issues with the current education system including low literacy rates for women and those in rural areas. It also discusses the government's efforts to promote vocational education and technical education. The document proposes several recommendations to improve primary education such as providing skill-based vocational training, introducing English language courses, and making education free and compulsory through 12th standard. It emphasizes the importance of education as a human right as recognized under the Indian constitution and international agreements.

1. Manthan Topic
STEPPING STONES
ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF PRIMARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY EDUCATION
TEAM DETAIL
TEAM COORDINATOR TEAM MEMBER
AKSHAY SHARMA AVDHESH PORWAL
RAMAVTAR BASER
RAHUL BHATIA
RAGHAVENDRA UPADHYAY

2. Education in India is provided by the public sector as well as the private sector, with control and
funding coming from three levels: central, state, and local.
India's education system is divided into different levels such as pre-primary level, primary level, elementary education
A. WOMENS EDUCATION:-
 Women have a much lower literacy rate than men.
 the Indian government has launched Saakshar Bharat Mission for
Female Literacy

3.  This mission aims to bring down female
illiteracy by half of its present level.
B. Rural education:
 some segments, or specific target populations
such as small and marginal farmers, artisans,
women and in general people below the
poverty line.
 In each of these areas of development there
are several programs, schemes and activities
C. Vocational education:-
 The government of India is taking many
positive steps to turn the education
vocational and job oriented
 Recently the duration of Graduation in Delhi
University has been turned of 4 years from 3
years.
 Moreover government is taking lots of steps to
promote small vocational institutes which
provides job oriented courses like aviation
related or travel & tourism related courses
D. Techanical education :
 The number of graduates coming out of technical
colleges increased to over 700,000 in 2011 from
550,000 in FY 2010.
 From the first Five Year Plan onwards India's emphasis was to
develop a pool of scientifically inclined manpower
E. Legislative frame work:
 Article 45, of the Constitution of India originally stated:
“The State shall endeavour to provide, within a period of
ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for
free and compulsory education for all children until they
complete the age of fourteen years”
 Following initiatives by the Supreme Court of
India during the 1990s the Ninety-third amendment bill
suggested three separate amendments to the Indian
constitution

4.  The constitution of India was amended to include
a new article, 21A, which read:
“The State shall provide free and
compulsory education to all children of
the age of six to fourteen years in a such
manner as the State may, by law,
determine.”

5.  Article 45 was proposed to be substituted by the article
which read:
“Provision for early childhood care and education to children
below the age of six years: The State shall endeavour to provide
early childhood care and education for all children until they
complete the age of sixteen years.”
 Another article, 51A, was to additionally have the clause
“...a parent or guardian [shall] provide opportunities for
education to his child or, as the case may be, [a] ward between
the age of six to fourteen years.”

7.  The Indian Education system is in great trouble. These are some of the faults I find in the
current education system
 Several children do not even get a basic elementary education.
 The rich and upper middle class in cities find decent
quality private schools to send their children to. Even
in these schools, getting a pass in the exams is the
priority, not learning. Even these schools fail in
teaching various arts, and in particular common
sense to children.
 Both the private and government schools in smaller
towns and villages are uniformly pathetic.
 Even if a student graduates from a higher secondary
school, there are not enough colleges. The only hope
left to most high school graduates is correspondence
education. It is not clear to me whether one can be
motivated enough to study through the
correspondence course material sitting at home.
 Even if one graduates from college, the graduates
are mostly unemployable, because of poor quality
course material and teaching in the colleges. I
have myself seen a number of such people while
interviewing them for various posts in my
organization

8.  SOME REGRADS FOR IMPROVING PRIMARY EDUCATION
 We should provide our children skill- based education a
kind of Vocational education which motivates their
parents to send them to school with the hope that after
completion or while completing the education their ward
gets better employement or self employment.
 recently there are a number of parties emerging
newly in each corner of the country. there should be
some educational techniques or stragites should
emergy to solve the problems of our childrens who
are facing a lot of problems now . there should be a
change in the present education systems include
various subjects that really help the students useful
in their future life. Communicative based syllabus
should be introduce as our students are lack in the
communication in english. As English is common
man's language now like the mobile phones became
the toys of the common man in the todays world.
consider this in the mind let us bring out some
solutions to those problems ............

9.  All education above higher secondary school level
should be primarily dealt with by private entities.
 If some state governments wish, they can run
colleges, but it should be unnecessary. Students
should be offered lenient education loans at very
low interest rates.These loans are liable to be
paid only after the students finish their education
and find a job of their own.
 That is, free education until higher secondary;
but paid-for education after that. Those who can't
afford to pay for this higher education get low-
cost and lenient loans. This kind of comfortable
educational loans are made available to students
in USA.
 SUGGESTION FOR IMPROVE EDUCATION
 Compulsory free education should be made available
till Class XII
 The state and central governments should completely
absorb the cost of providing free education till 12th
standard to every child, irrespective of caste, religion
and economic status.
 Govt. schools should be run by private
entities/entrepreneurs
 All education above higher secondary school level
should be primarily dealt with by private entities.
 Alternate education must be promoted
 College education through correspondence system to
be increased
 Impediments in the way of setting up for-profit private
colleges to be removed
 I do not claim that these suggestions, if implemented,
will remove all problems we have in our education
sector. However I am hopeful that they can alleviate the
problem considerably.

10.  Education as a Human Right
Education has been regarded in all societies
and throughout human history both as an
end in itself and as a means for the individual
and society to grow. Its recognition as a
human right is derived from the
indispensability of education to the
preservation and enhancement of the
inherent dignity of the human person.

11.  Measuring a state’s performance in the implementation of the right to education is an
onerous task in the absence of generally accepted criteria.
 Article 32 in The Constitution Of India 1949 in
section
(4) The right guaranteed by this article shall not be
suspended except as otherwise provided for by this
Constitution .
so remove democracy in it…..
 Articles 13 and 14 of the ICESCR set out detailed
formulations of the right to education.
 Articles 28 and 29 of the CRC deal with the right
of the child to education.
 Article 10 of CEDAW also contains provisions dealing
with the right to education.

12.  Regional instruments
 he right to education is recognized and guaranteed under several regional human rights instruments.
These include the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (article 17) and the African Charter
on the Rights and Welfare of the Child;2 the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
(article 12) and the Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Protocol of San Salvador)3 (article 13); the European
Convention on the Legal Status of Migrant Workers4 (articles 14 and 15); and the Framework
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities5 (articles 13 and14).

13.  REFERENCES:-
 Kevin Watkins, Education Now: Break the Cycle of Poverty (Oxford:
Oxfam International, 1999), 1-7.
 MODULE 16 , THE RIGHT TO EDUCATION.
 American Institute For Research,
http://www.air.org/.