The document outlines seven principles of low-water landscaping: 1) Plan and design water use zones, 2) Limit turf areas, 3) Improve soil, 4) Use appropriate plants, 5) Cover soil with mulch, 6) Irrigate efficiently, and 7) Maintain landscape properly. It also describes water use zones - moderate, low, and very low - and provides resources for native plants and xeriscaping information. The Flagstaff Xeriscape Council sponsors the principles and provides local resources to help residents plan water-efficient landscapes.

1. Flagstaff Xeriscape Council
It’s Not Enough to Wish for Rain – Plan Ahead
Seven Principles Of Low Water Landscaping
1. Plan And Design (see Water Use Zones)
Take the time to plan before you plant. Create different water-use zones and choose appropriate plants; consider
variety, size, texture, color, and bloom time. Water zones are: Moderate - weekly or more irrigation. For practical
and economical reasons plants with the highest water needs are placed closest to the home; Low - monthly
irrigation; and Very Low - little or no irrigation once established.
2. Design Practical Turf Areas
Turf grasses are more expensive and intensive to maintain than most other landscape plants. Limit the size of lawn
areas to an amount you will actually use. Consider using a low-water alternative like Blue Grama (Bouteloua
gracilis) instead of thirsty Kentucky Blue Grass (Poa pratensis).
3. Work With Your Soil
If necessary, amend your soil with organic matter such as compost or aged manure prior to planting. This will
improve root development, and increase water penetration and retention. Be aware that some native plants may
not benefit from additions of organic matter; loosening the soil may be all that is needed.
4. Use Appropriate Plants
Choose native plants and plants with low water needs whenever possible. Group plants with similar water
requirements, placing them in the appropriate water zone.
5. Cover The Soil
Mulches are made from a variety of materials including bark, pine needles and decorative stone. Covering the soil
will provide a protective layer to retain moisture, prevent erosion, reduce weeds, and provide a finished look to the
garden.
6. Irrigate Efficiently
Water deeply and less often. Even low water plants can become water hogs when over-watered. Watering in the
morning or late night will reduce evaporative loss. The City of Flagstaff has established a watering schedule: even
numbered addresses water Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday; odd numbered addresses water Tuesday, Thursday,
and Saturday. WATER ONLY BEFORE 9 AM and AFTER 5 PM.
7. Maintenance
A properly maintained landscape conserves water. Check irrigation systems regularly to make sure they are
working correctly, and adjust timers as the seasons change and plants become established. Proper pruning,
weeding, and mulch will save water and enhance the beauty of your landscape.

2. Water Use Zones -
Planting in specific zones can create a
water-efficient landscape that is both
beautiful and functional.
Moderate: This is the zone containing
plants with the highest water
requirements. This zone is often
located close to the house in high use
and/or high visibility areas. These
locations will require more watering
and should be limited to focal points,
such as entrance and functional
areas.
Low: Plants growing in this zone
require infrequent watering. This area
may need supplemental water during
the dry months.
Very Low: Located farthest from the
house, the most drought-tolerant
plants in this area require little, if any,
supplemental water once established.
This area may need additional
watering in times of extreme drought.
Useful Information Sources
Books
• Natives Plants for High-Elevation Western Gardens. 2003. Busco, J. and N. R. Morin, Fulcrum
Publishing.
• Beyond the Ponderosa: Successful Landscape Trees for Higher Elevations in the Southwest: 1998.
DeGomez, T. and J. Bailey. Flagstaff Community Tree Board.
• Waterwise Gardening. 1989. Sunset Books, Lane Publishing.
• The Xeriscape Flower Gardener. 1991. Knopf, J. Johnson Books.
• Waterwise Landscaping with Trees, Shrubs & Vines. 1994. Knopf, J. Chamisa Books.
• Xeriscape Gardening. 1992. Ellefson, Stephens & Welsh. MacMillan Publishing.
• Xeriscape Plant Guide. 1996. Denver Water. Fulcrum Publishing.
Web Resources
• The Arboretum at Flagstaff - www.thearb.org
• Xeriscape Colorado! - www.xeriscape.org
• Colorado State University Extension Service - www.ext.colostate.edu
• Xeriscape Council of New Mexico - www.xeriscapenm.com/index.html

3. Flagstaff Xeriscape Council Sponsors
• Arizona Native Plant Society
ANPS@AZNPS.org
• City of Flagstaff Utilities Department
(928) 779-7685
www.flagstaff.az.gov
• Coconino Community College
(928) 527-1222
www.coconino.edu/
• Coconino Cooperative Extension
(928) 774-1868
cals.arizona.edu/Coconino/
• Flagstaff Native Plant and Seed
(928) 773-9406
www.nativeplantandseed.com/
• The Arboretum at Flagstaff
(928) 774-1442
www.thearb.org/
• Warner's Nursery & Landscape Company
(928) 774-1983