This document analyzes public interest and industry satisfaction regarding houses on stilts in Woloan, Tomohon, Indonesia. It uses Importance Performance Analysis to measure satisfaction and importance levels. The results show that 7 indicators, such as drainage conditions and waste treatment, have high importance but low performance and need improvement. The document also discusses clean production strategies and their application to houses on stilts construction.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Solar drying is one of the application of solar energy. Drying means moisture removal from the product. Drying is helpful in preserving food product for long time; it prevent product from contamination. Direct solar drying, indirect solar drying, and mixed mode solar drying these are different solar drying methods. Primarily open to the sun or direct sun drying technique is used. However, it has some disadvantages. These disadvantages can be eliminated by indirect type of dryer which is used for drying products as application of solar energy. In this paper, we studied the different technique of drying and various modes of solar drying
Fly Ash represents, a major environmental problem. heavy metals can leach from stored fly ash into ground water and endangered the health of the surrounding population. Additionally, storage ponds can breach, causing a dangerous release of massive quantities of fly ash. In this project, we try to make eco friendly rubber using fly ash. #SciChallenge2017
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Solar drying is one of the application of solar energy. Drying means moisture removal from the product. Drying is helpful in preserving food product for long time; it prevent product from contamination. Direct solar drying, indirect solar drying, and mixed mode solar drying these are different solar drying methods. Primarily open to the sun or direct sun drying technique is used. However, it has some disadvantages. These disadvantages can be eliminated by indirect type of dryer which is used for drying products as application of solar energy. In this paper, we studied the different technique of drying and various modes of solar drying
Fly Ash represents, a major environmental problem. heavy metals can leach from stored fly ash into ground water and endangered the health of the surrounding population. Additionally, storage ponds can breach, causing a dangerous release of massive quantities of fly ash. In this project, we try to make eco friendly rubber using fly ash. #SciChallenge2017
Environmental Determinants of Procurement Performance in Youth Polytechnics i...iosrjce
In a competitive and globalized business environment, organizations are now very keen on how their
operations affect the environment in which they are operating in. Organizations have tried to implement green
procurement so as to gain the benefits associated to it. However many challenges have stood in the way thus not
many organizations have taken full advantage of the value of green procurement. The study sought to answer
the following objectives; find out the effect of environmental laws on procurement performance in the youth
polytechnics in Baringo County; establish how attitude of green procurement affects procurement performance
in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County; determine the effect of waste management practices on
procurement performance in youth polytechnics in Baringo County; find out the contribution of support of
renewable energy affects procurement performance in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County. The study
adopted a descriptive case study research design to analyse the purchasing performance process in the youth
polytechnics. The study targeted a total of 11 youth polytechnic managers, 11 youth polytechnic deputy
managers, 11 youth polytechnic instructors and 33 executive members of the youth polytechnic board of
management in the 11 youth polytechnics in Baringo County. Data collection instrument used was questionnaire
administered to all the respondents in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County. The study results indicated that
there was a significant relationship (β =0.179, p = 0.000) between environmental laws and procurement
performance of the institutions and green procurement had no effect on procurement performance with a beta
coefficient of -0.165, the effect was not significant at (p=0.000). The study further indicated that there was a
significant relationship (β =0.197, p = 0.000) between waste management and procurement performance of the
institutions. The study results finally revealed that there was a significant relationship (β =0.167, p = 0.000)
between support for renewable energy and procurement performance of the institutions. Findings of the study
would help reveal whether environmental laws, green procurement, waste management and renewable energy
affects procurement performance in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County. 2
Plastic Waste Management and Recycling TechnologiesBHU
Its time to prevent the plastic usage by using 4Rs such as- Refuse, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
How to manage and utilize the Plastic Waste with the developed Technologies for Recycling.
Valorization of forest and agricultural biomass for the spanish ceramic tile ...Daniel Gabadón-Estevan
Since ceramic tile industry is an energy intensive industry, European ceramic companies are challenged to reduce their CO2 emissions in the medium and long-term. According the Roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy in 2050 (European Commission, 2011) the objective is to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 34% and 40% by 2030, and between 83% and 87% by 2050.
In the present paper we present a study on the viability of the incorporation of biofuels in the energy mix of the Spanish ceramic industry with the objective of (1) identifying the potential use of biomass resources, with a special focus of forest and agricultural biomass, in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products; (2) identify in what part of the production process it can be introduced; and (3) calculate the reduced environmental impact from the manufacture of ceramic materials through a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
In order to proceed we firstly present the relevant state of the art for the study of the use of biomass for the ceramic manufacturing process. We continue with the methodology for biomass resources evaluation and present relevant data on forest and agricultural biomass for the ceramic tile industry. We then present data on the evolution and actual energy demand of the ceramic tile industry to characterize its energy demand. And then we identify an opportunity for biomass use in a specific phase of the manufacture of ceramic products, estimating the savings of fossil fuels and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and therefore assessing the environmental impact reduction through the introduction of biomass in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products.
IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING WASTE RECYCLING PLANTS IN REVERSE LOGISTICS AND AN AS...IAEME Publication
Reverse logistics is one of the adopted supply chain processes and becomes more important because of economic and ecological conditions, administrative and social responsibilities, sustainable development, environment protection laws, and the aim of material and resource use. Recycling is a term that means recyclable waste materials are processed with various recycling methods and prepared to use in manufacturing as raw materials. Especially, used materials such as paper, glass, plastics and metals which are called 'packaging waste' are revalued in favour of economic. In most of the countries, local authorities are responsible for waste handling issues such as collection, transportation and disposal. In relation to waste management, the whole cycle of generation of wastes, their storage, collection and transport, and their eventual treatment and disposal are taken into condsideration.
Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuel by Hitesh SharmaHitesh Sharma
Pyrolysis is a process which involves thermochemical decomposition of organic matter at high temperature (>370◦C) in the absence of oxygen. Products of this process are Pyrolysis Oil, Carbon Black, and Hydrocarbons. This review paper is focusing the most efficient and widely used method of converting plastics to fuels: ‘Pyrolysis’ and its effectiveness on resolving the both issues of waste plastic management and the requirement of a good alternative fuel for use.
3D printing device for numerical control machine and wood depositionIJERA Editor
The paper presents the development of a new sustainable approach in additive manufacturing adapted on a Numerical Control (NC) machining. Wood has several advantages that are transferable to various derivatives allowing the introduction of sustainable material into the product lifecycle. The application involves the integration of wood pulp into rapid prototyping solutions. Wood is the main material studied for its ecological aspect. The primary goal was to create reconstituted wood objects through a rapid manufacturing. Additive manufacturing technology is most commonly used for modeling, prototyping, tooling through an exclusive machine or 3D printer. An overall review and an analysis of technologies show that the additive manufacturing presents some little independent solutions [9] [12]. The problem studied especially the additive manufacturing limits to produce an ecological product with materials from biomass. The study developed a 3d printing head as solution for shaping wood pulp or powder materials. Some technological problematic require enslavement to the NC controller, the programming building of model, and the realization of wood pulp. This work also presents a wood pulping process characterized by adding wood flour and starch. A machine implementation and some application examples used for its development are presented.
Production of Bioplastic Products. Biodegradable and Bio-Plastics Products Ma...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Production of Bioplastic Products. Biodegradable and Bio-Plastics Products Manufacturing Business. Glasses, Plates and Bags Manufacturing Project.
India is the third largest plastic consumer in the world, with a total consumption of plastics of about four million tons and a resulting waste production of about two million tons. Bioplastics are those plastic materials that are manufactured by using natural resources. There are two categories of these plastics available in the market — biodegrable bioplastics and non-biodegradable bioplastics.
Demand for bioplastics is increasing since past decade due to growing awareness concerning environmental conservation, use of bio-based or natural resources for manufacturing materials and formulation of various regulations across countries for effective use of natural resources and waste management.
See more
https://goo.gl/MNc8mu
https://goo.gl/8wn5eq
https://goo.gl/KS12bo
https://goo.gl/enyW85
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Biodegradable Plastic, Production Process of Bioplastic Products, Production of Bioplastics and Biodegradable Plastics, Bioplastic Manufacturing Process, Production of Bioplastic, Bio-Plastic Products Production, Processing of Bioplastics, Bio-Plastic Production, Bioplastics Production Plant, Production of Biodegradable Plastics and Bioplastics, Bioplastics Production from Waste, Biodegradable Plastic Glass Manufacture, How to Start Bioplastics Production Business, Bioplastics Production Plant, How is Bioplastic Made? Biodegradable Plastic Bags, Manufacturing of Bioplastics Bags, Biodegradable Plastic Bag Production, Production of Bioplastic Bag, Production of Bioplastic Glass, Manufacturing of Bioplastic Glass in India, Bioplastic Glass Manufacturing Plant, Bioplastic Glass Production Process, Bioplastic Plates Manufacturing Process, Bioplastic Manufacturing Plant, Bioplastic Plates Production Plant, Bioplastic Plates Manufacturing Unit, How to Start Bioplastic Plates Manufacturing Business, Bioplastic Bag Production Process, Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing Plant, How to Start Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing Business, Bioplastic Manufacturing project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Bioplastic Manufacturing Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Bioplastic Manufacturing Industry in India, Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing Projects, New project profile on Bioplastic Bag Production industries, Project Report on Bioplastic Glass Production Industry, Detailed Project Report on Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing, Project Report on Bioplastic Glass Production
The usual star, left-star, right-star, plus order, minus order and Lowner ordering have been
generalized to bimatrices. Also it is shown that all these orderings are partial orderings in bimatrices.
The relationship between star partial order and minus partial order of bimatrices and their squares are
examined.
Influence of Skidded Distance on the Initial Velocity of Vehicle in Chain Acc...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Design and Development of Gate Signal for 36 Volt 1000Hz Three Phase InverterIJMER
The sinusoidal PWM gating signals generation is most popular PWM method, which reduce
harmonic reduction in output. SPWM can be generated by FPGA, micro controller and micro processor but
this kind of device needs programming and coding hence avoided in using power system of aircraft. This
paper present an experiment using SPWM method to generate 1000 Hz gating signals suitable for 36 Volt ,
1000 Hz, 3 phase, three wire supply. Discrete components design approach is chosen to provide noise
immunity at higher amplitude level of signal and a large flexibility to adjust and process various operating
parameters of signals. The circuit is proved with commercial components however MIL version of
components can be easily incorporated in design in later stage
Environmental Determinants of Procurement Performance in Youth Polytechnics i...iosrjce
In a competitive and globalized business environment, organizations are now very keen on how their
operations affect the environment in which they are operating in. Organizations have tried to implement green
procurement so as to gain the benefits associated to it. However many challenges have stood in the way thus not
many organizations have taken full advantage of the value of green procurement. The study sought to answer
the following objectives; find out the effect of environmental laws on procurement performance in the youth
polytechnics in Baringo County; establish how attitude of green procurement affects procurement performance
in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County; determine the effect of waste management practices on
procurement performance in youth polytechnics in Baringo County; find out the contribution of support of
renewable energy affects procurement performance in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County. The study
adopted a descriptive case study research design to analyse the purchasing performance process in the youth
polytechnics. The study targeted a total of 11 youth polytechnic managers, 11 youth polytechnic deputy
managers, 11 youth polytechnic instructors and 33 executive members of the youth polytechnic board of
management in the 11 youth polytechnics in Baringo County. Data collection instrument used was questionnaire
administered to all the respondents in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County. The study results indicated that
there was a significant relationship (β =0.179, p = 0.000) between environmental laws and procurement
performance of the institutions and green procurement had no effect on procurement performance with a beta
coefficient of -0.165, the effect was not significant at (p=0.000). The study further indicated that there was a
significant relationship (β =0.197, p = 0.000) between waste management and procurement performance of the
institutions. The study results finally revealed that there was a significant relationship (β =0.167, p = 0.000)
between support for renewable energy and procurement performance of the institutions. Findings of the study
would help reveal whether environmental laws, green procurement, waste management and renewable energy
affects procurement performance in the youth polytechnics in Baringo County. 2
Plastic Waste Management and Recycling TechnologiesBHU
Its time to prevent the plastic usage by using 4Rs such as- Refuse, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
How to manage and utilize the Plastic Waste with the developed Technologies for Recycling.
Valorization of forest and agricultural biomass for the spanish ceramic tile ...Daniel Gabadón-Estevan
Since ceramic tile industry is an energy intensive industry, European ceramic companies are challenged to reduce their CO2 emissions in the medium and long-term. According the Roadmap for moving to a low-carbon economy in 2050 (European Commission, 2011) the objective is to achieve a reduction in CO2 emissions of between 34% and 40% by 2030, and between 83% and 87% by 2050.
In the present paper we present a study on the viability of the incorporation of biofuels in the energy mix of the Spanish ceramic industry with the objective of (1) identifying the potential use of biomass resources, with a special focus of forest and agricultural biomass, in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products; (2) identify in what part of the production process it can be introduced; and (3) calculate the reduced environmental impact from the manufacture of ceramic materials through a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.
In order to proceed we firstly present the relevant state of the art for the study of the use of biomass for the ceramic manufacturing process. We continue with the methodology for biomass resources evaluation and present relevant data on forest and agricultural biomass for the ceramic tile industry. We then present data on the evolution and actual energy demand of the ceramic tile industry to characterize its energy demand. And then we identify an opportunity for biomass use in a specific phase of the manufacture of ceramic products, estimating the savings of fossil fuels and the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions and therefore assessing the environmental impact reduction through the introduction of biomass in the manufacturing process of ceramic tile products.
IMPORTANCE OF PACKAGING WASTE RECYCLING PLANTS IN REVERSE LOGISTICS AND AN AS...IAEME Publication
Reverse logistics is one of the adopted supply chain processes and becomes more important because of economic and ecological conditions, administrative and social responsibilities, sustainable development, environment protection laws, and the aim of material and resource use. Recycling is a term that means recyclable waste materials are processed with various recycling methods and prepared to use in manufacturing as raw materials. Especially, used materials such as paper, glass, plastics and metals which are called 'packaging waste' are revalued in favour of economic. In most of the countries, local authorities are responsible for waste handling issues such as collection, transportation and disposal. In relation to waste management, the whole cycle of generation of wastes, their storage, collection and transport, and their eventual treatment and disposal are taken into condsideration.
Conversion of Waste Plastic to Fuel by Hitesh SharmaHitesh Sharma
Pyrolysis is a process which involves thermochemical decomposition of organic matter at high temperature (>370◦C) in the absence of oxygen. Products of this process are Pyrolysis Oil, Carbon Black, and Hydrocarbons. This review paper is focusing the most efficient and widely used method of converting plastics to fuels: ‘Pyrolysis’ and its effectiveness on resolving the both issues of waste plastic management and the requirement of a good alternative fuel for use.
3D printing device for numerical control machine and wood depositionIJERA Editor
The paper presents the development of a new sustainable approach in additive manufacturing adapted on a Numerical Control (NC) machining. Wood has several advantages that are transferable to various derivatives allowing the introduction of sustainable material into the product lifecycle. The application involves the integration of wood pulp into rapid prototyping solutions. Wood is the main material studied for its ecological aspect. The primary goal was to create reconstituted wood objects through a rapid manufacturing. Additive manufacturing technology is most commonly used for modeling, prototyping, tooling through an exclusive machine or 3D printer. An overall review and an analysis of technologies show that the additive manufacturing presents some little independent solutions [9] [12]. The problem studied especially the additive manufacturing limits to produce an ecological product with materials from biomass. The study developed a 3d printing head as solution for shaping wood pulp or powder materials. Some technological problematic require enslavement to the NC controller, the programming building of model, and the realization of wood pulp. This work also presents a wood pulping process characterized by adding wood flour and starch. A machine implementation and some application examples used for its development are presented.
Production of Bioplastic Products. Biodegradable and Bio-Plastics Products Ma...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Production of Bioplastic Products. Biodegradable and Bio-Plastics Products Manufacturing Business. Glasses, Plates and Bags Manufacturing Project.
India is the third largest plastic consumer in the world, with a total consumption of plastics of about four million tons and a resulting waste production of about two million tons. Bioplastics are those plastic materials that are manufactured by using natural resources. There are two categories of these plastics available in the market — biodegrable bioplastics and non-biodegradable bioplastics.
Demand for bioplastics is increasing since past decade due to growing awareness concerning environmental conservation, use of bio-based or natural resources for manufacturing materials and formulation of various regulations across countries for effective use of natural resources and waste management.
See more
https://goo.gl/MNc8mu
https://goo.gl/8wn5eq
https://goo.gl/KS12bo
https://goo.gl/enyW85
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
An ISO 9001:2015 Company
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Production of Biodegradable Plastic, Production Process of Bioplastic Products, Production of Bioplastics and Biodegradable Plastics, Bioplastic Manufacturing Process, Production of Bioplastic, Bio-Plastic Products Production, Processing of Bioplastics, Bio-Plastic Production, Bioplastics Production Plant, Production of Biodegradable Plastics and Bioplastics, Bioplastics Production from Waste, Biodegradable Plastic Glass Manufacture, How to Start Bioplastics Production Business, Bioplastics Production Plant, How is Bioplastic Made? Biodegradable Plastic Bags, Manufacturing of Bioplastics Bags, Biodegradable Plastic Bag Production, Production of Bioplastic Bag, Production of Bioplastic Glass, Manufacturing of Bioplastic Glass in India, Bioplastic Glass Manufacturing Plant, Bioplastic Glass Production Process, Bioplastic Plates Manufacturing Process, Bioplastic Manufacturing Plant, Bioplastic Plates Production Plant, Bioplastic Plates Manufacturing Unit, How to Start Bioplastic Plates Manufacturing Business, Bioplastic Bag Production Process, Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing Plant, How to Start Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing Business, Bioplastic Manufacturing project ideas, Projects on Small Scale Industries, Small scale industries projects ideas, Bioplastic Manufacturing Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Project profile on small scale industries, How to Start Bioplastic Manufacturing Industry in India, Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing Projects, New project profile on Bioplastic Bag Production industries, Project Report on Bioplastic Glass Production Industry, Detailed Project Report on Bioplastic Bag Manufacturing, Project Report on Bioplastic Glass Production
The usual star, left-star, right-star, plus order, minus order and Lowner ordering have been
generalized to bimatrices. Also it is shown that all these orderings are partial orderings in bimatrices.
The relationship between star partial order and minus partial order of bimatrices and their squares are
examined.
Influence of Skidded Distance on the Initial Velocity of Vehicle in Chain Acc...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Design and Development of Gate Signal for 36 Volt 1000Hz Three Phase InverterIJMER
The sinusoidal PWM gating signals generation is most popular PWM method, which reduce
harmonic reduction in output. SPWM can be generated by FPGA, micro controller and micro processor but
this kind of device needs programming and coding hence avoided in using power system of aircraft. This
paper present an experiment using SPWM method to generate 1000 Hz gating signals suitable for 36 Volt ,
1000 Hz, 3 phase, three wire supply. Discrete components design approach is chosen to provide noise
immunity at higher amplitude level of signal and a large flexibility to adjust and process various operating
parameters of signals. The circuit is proved with commercial components however MIL version of
components can be easily incorporated in design in later stage
Potential Use of LPG in A Medium Capacity Stationary HCCI EngineIJMER
Internal combustion engines are extensively used in every field of life in today’s world.
Diesel engines being more efficient are preferred in the industrial and transportation sector in
comparison to spark ignition engines for their higher efficiency, versatility and ruggedness. The major
emissions of diesel engines are oxides of nitrogen (NOx), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide
(CO2), carbon monoxide (CO). Among these emissions, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and the particulate
matter are the reasons of serious concern. For reduction of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate
matter simultaneously, the use of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) have provided a
sustainable solution in the present scenario.
This paper presents the findings of an experimental investigation into the operation of a
compression ignition (CI) engine in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode using LPG
as the main fuel and diesel as pilot injection. Factors that were investigated include engine performance
and emission characteristics and based on the results, LPG was found to be a possible fuel for operation
of a CI engine in HCCI mode.
A methodology using a small pilot quantity of diesel fuel injected during the compression stroke
to improve the power density and operation control is carried out for an HCCI engine based on a
stationary, constant RPM, water cooled diesel engine. The objective of this study is to investigate the
performance and emission characteristics of HCCI engine fuelled with LPG and help understand the
viability of LPG as an alternative fuel in diesel engines for use in the automotive industry.
A Special Type Of Differential Polynomial And Its Comparative Growth PropertiesIJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Effective Devops - Velocity New York 2015 Jennifer Davis
DevOps is a professional and cultural movement designed to improve the processes involved with developing and running computer software and systems. It does this by focusing on communication and collaboration between software developers and operations engineers. DevOps has the potential to improve the products we create as an industry, and the health and well-being of the people creating them.
In this one-day introductory training, you will identify actionable strategies and tools that can be used to leverage DevOps to implement noticeable, long-lasting improvements to your culture and development processes in your environment, regardless of your level and role.
Methodology used for improving overall equipment effectiveness by Implementi...IJMER
The global marketplace is highly competitive and organizations who want to survive long-term, have to continuously improve, change and adapt in response to market demands. Improvements in
a company's performance should focus on cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and
guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers. Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is one
method, which can be used to achieve these goals. TPM is an approach to equipment management that
involves employees from both production and maintenance departments. Its purpose is to eliminate major
production losses by introducing a program of continuous and systematic improvements to production
equipment.
environmental impact evaluation of the industry of panela by life cycle analysisIJEAB
The objective of the study is to evaluate the environmental impacts generated by the industry of the panela in Ecuador, using the Life Cycle Analysis methodology. The in situ information gathered allowed the identification of the sensitive environmental factors that are affected in all the operations that are carried out in the agroindustry of panela. The results show that the craft activities prevail rather than the industrial activities, due to the low industrial development, application and control of regulations, rudimentary manufacturing practices, among others; which have led to insufficient productivity, competitiveness, quality and safety of their products. The results of the Environmental Impact Assessment, using the Eco-Indicator 99 method, according to the Life Cycle Analysis technique, show that the industrial stage has the greatest contribution to the impact, being more representative the impact to the effects by respiration of inorganic compounds, acidification / eutrophication, climate change and land use. The impact level of this type of industry according to Ecuador's environmental legislation, places it as an industry that generates moderate environmental impacts, it does not require intensive protective or corrective practices. However, it requires environmental executive actions oriented to the control and prevention to mitigate these impacts.
ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES FROM LANDFILL DISPOSAL AND INCINERATION OF WASTEIAEME Publication
In the modern world, the concerns of the environment have been increased and also, the environmental commissions are developing tools for launching new regulations and directives concerning to the environment. Most of the studies are conducted in the field of waste management and restricted to the analysis of cost and benefits of environmental externalities from landfill disposal and incineration of waste. The study aims to review the comprehensive ways of analyzing the important aspects of environmental externalities from landfill disposal and incineration of waste. In a specific manner, it has also provided an overview of environmental externalities that are evaluated in context to different policies of waste management and their integration with the environment. The study explains the concept of externalities, waste management system, receptors, and damages
Assessments of environment and safety in small and micro-enterprise: Furnitur...Premier Publishers
The dynamic role of micro and small enterprises in developing countries as engines through which the growth objectives of developing countries can be achieved has long been recognized. Furniture Factory has its own impact and issue on the society and environment. Wood furniture manufacturing process uses many chemicals and natural resources. It generates considerable amounts of waste materials as well. The operations activities include drying, sawing, waxing, sanding, and finishing, all of which may release pollutants into the air and may contribute to health concerns in the operation and in the community. In most developing countries, small and micro industry faces constraints both at start up phases and after their establishment. The objective of this study has been developed to discover how to Improve work environment and worker safety and to comply with the standards. Moreover, to further minimize impacts on human health and the environment.
Cleaner Production - it is the major advancement in the chemical industry or in all sectors. I have provided this file its all about TEXTILE INDUSTRIES with CP. So go through it.
A Review of Issues in Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Re...IJMER
Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing and Product Recovery (ECMPRO) has become an
obligation to the environment and to the society itself, enforced primarily by governmental regulations
and customer perspective on environmental issues. This is mainly driven by the escalating deterioration
of the environment, e.g. diminishing raw material resources, over owing waste sites and increasing
levels of pollution. ECMPRO involves integrating environmental thinking into new product development
including design, material selection, manufacturing processes and delivery of the product to the
consumers, plus the end-of-life management of the product after its useful life. ECMPRO related issues
have found a large following in industry and academia who aim to find solutions to the problems that
arise in this newly emerged research area. Problems are widespread including the ones related to life cycle of products, disassembly, material recovery, and emanufacturing and pollution prevention.
Present E-waste Handling and Disposal Scenario in India: Planning for Future ...IJERA Editor
In developing country like India E-waste management is being reckoned as a challenging task due to unplanned discarding of E-waste along with municipal solid waste. A “systematic & scientific” trade chain of E-waste is essential to manage the present scenario both in terms of environmental protection and health perspective. The prevalence of informal E-waste handling in India has put forward several issues of concern (metals, plastic, informal recycling) that need to be addressed to protect environment and human health. One of the important aspects of current informal handling of E-waste is its recycling to minimize exposure level. However, it needs skillful protocol (formal handling) to ensure the implementation of policy. Legal frame work is another essential part that will also help in E-waste management even in grass root level. A comprehensive E-waste management plan is also needed to improve disposal practice (recycling, landfill, and reuse) to reduce the magnitude of exposure notably toxic metals and flame retardants. A multistage approach has been recommended as per policy guideline for the trade chain practionners which will provide benefits to control exposure as well as environmental risk.
United Nation's ambassidor's Presentation on World Environmental DayHammadAwan37
"Join us on World Environmental Day as we embark on a transformative journey towards a sustainable and green future. Our presentation, curated by the esteemed United Nations member, delves into the crucial realms of environmental protection, sustainability, and the promotion of lush greenery for a healthier planet.
This impactful presentation will shed light on the 3Rs method—Reduce, Reuse, Recycle—as a cornerstone for responsible consumption and waste management. Discover innovative techniques and strategies to minimize our ecological footprint and foster a circular economy that ensures the longevity of our precious resources.
Together, let's explore actionable steps to safeguard our environment, mitigate climate change, and create a harmonious balance between human activities and the natural world. This World Environmental Day, be part of the global movement for a greener, more sustainable tomorrow."
The concept of green supply chain management (GSCM) is attaining high level
significance given that it can help to minimize negative impact of mining activities on the
environment and to ensure environmental sustainability. This research was carried out
primarily to examine the factors influencing green supply chain management in the mining
industry of Ghana. Data was collected using focus group discussion with the experts from the
mining companies. Analysis of the data showed that the goods purchased by mining companies
have negative effects on the environment. It was also concluded that procurement practices
could be used to reduce the negative impacts of the companies’ operation on the environment
since the procurement departments of the companies have specific policies geared towards
environmentally preferable purchases. The study further established that green procurement
influence supplier selection through environmental regulations by Environmental Protection
Agency of Ghana, suppliers’ environmental emission among others. The study revealed that
the most notable factors influencing green supply chain in the mining companies in Ghana
include lack of knowledge and expertise involving green supply chain, lack of awareness of the
potential economic benefits of green supply chain, lack of political commitment, lack of the
learning capacity to evaluate green supply chain; high cost of environmental programs,
ineffective sanction regime for environmental offenders among others. The study recommends
that mining companies and its allies should organise joint seminars and workshops to sensitize
the staff and suppliers on the benefits of green purchasing and the need to embrace it. The
mining industry and EPA should also link up to train their supply/logistics/procurement
practitioners on the issues of green procurement /supply chain.
A Study on Translucent Concrete Product and Its Properties by Using Optical F...IJMER
- Translucent concrete is a concrete based material with light-transferring properties,
obtained due to embedded light optical elements like Optical fibers used in concrete. Light is conducted
through the concrete from one end to the other. This results into a certain light pattern on the other
surface, depending on the fiber structure. Optical fibers transmit light so effectively that there is
virtually no loss of light conducted through the fibers. This paper deals with the modeling of such
translucent or transparent concrete blocks and panel and their usage and also the advantages it brings
in the field. The main purpose is to use sunlight as a light source to reduce the power consumption of
illumination and to use the optical fiber to sense the stress of structures and also use this concrete as an
architectural purpose of the building
Developing Cost Effective Automation for Cotton Seed DelintingIJMER
A low cost automation system for removal of lint from cottonseed is to be designed and
developed. The setup consists of stainless steel drum with stirrer in which cottonseeds having lint is mixed
with concentrated sulphuric acid. So lint will get burn. This lint free cottonseed treated with lime water to
neutralize acidic nature. After water washing this cottonseeds are used for agriculter purpose
Study & Testing Of Bio-Composite Material Based On Munja FibreIJMER
The incorporation of natural fibres such as munja fiber composites has gained
increasing applications both in many areas of Engineering and Technology. The aim of this study is to
evaluate mechanical properties such as flexural and tensile properties of reinforced epoxy composites.
This is mainly due to their applicable benefits as they are light weight and offer low cost compared to
synthetic fibre composites. Munja fibres recently have been a substitute material in many weight-critical
applications in areas such as aerospace, automotive and other high demanding industrial sectors. In
this study, natural munja fibre composites and munja/fibreglass hybrid composites were fabricated by a
combination of hand lay-up and cold-press methods. A new variety in munja fibre is the present work
the main aim of the work is to extract the neat fibre and is characterized for its flexural characteristics.
The composites are fabricated by reinforcing untreated and treated fibre and are tested for their
mechanical, properties strictly as per ASTM procedures.
Hybrid Engine (Stirling Engine + IC Engine + Electric Motor)IJMER
Hybrid engine is a combination of Stirling engine, IC engine and Electric motor. All these 3 are
connected together to a single shaft. The power source of the Stirling engine will be a Solar Panel. The aim of
this is to run the automobile using a Hybrid engine
Fabrication & Characterization of Bio Composite Materials Based On Sunnhemp F...IJMER
The present day technology demands eco-friendly developments. In this era the
composite material are playing a vital roal in different field of Engineering .The composite materials
are using as a principle materials. Nowaday the composite materials are utilizing as a important
component of engineering field .Where as the importance of the applications of composites is well
known, but thrust on the use of natural fibres in it for reinforcement has been given priority for some
times. But changing from synthetic fibres to natural fibres provides only half green-composites. A
partial green composite will be achieved if the matrix component is also eco-friendly. Keeping this in
view, a detailed literature surveyed has been carried out through various issues of the Journals
related to this field. The material systems used are sunnhemp fibres. Some epoxy and hardener has
been also added for stability and drying of the bio-composites. Various graphs and bar-charts are
super-imposed on each other for comparison among themselves and Graphs is plotted on MAT LAB
and ORIGIN 6.0 software. To determining tensile strengths, Various properties for different biocomposites
have been compared among themselves. Comparison of the behaviour of bio-composites of
this work has been also compare with other works. The bio-composites developed in this work are
likely to get applications in fall ceilings, partitions, bio-degradable packagings, automotive interiors,
sports things (e.g. rackets, nets, etc.), toys etc.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Kammatturu Iron Ores of Devagiri Formation, Sandu...IJMER
The Greenstone belts of Karnataka are enriched in BIFs in Dharwar craton, where Iron
formations are confined to the basin shelf, clearly separated from the deeper-water iron formation that
accumulated at the basin margin and flanking the marine basin. Geochemical data procured in terms of
major, trace and REE are plotted in various diagrams to interpret the genesis of BIFs. Al2O3, Fe2O3 (T),
TiO2, CaO, and SiO2 abundances and ratios show a wide variation. Ni, Co, Zr, Sc, V, Rb, Sr, U, Th,
ΣREE, La, Ce and Eu anomalies and their binary relationships indicate that wherever the terrigenous
component has increased, the concentration of elements of felsic such as Zr and Hf has gone up. Elevated
concentrations of Ni, Co and Sc are contributed by chlorite and other components characteristic of basic
volcanic debris. The data suggest that these formations were generated by chemical and clastic
sedimentary processes on a shallow shelf. During transgression, chemical precipitation took place at the
sediment-water interface, whereas at the time of regression. Iron ore formed with sedimentary structures
and textures in Kammatturu area, in a setting where the water column was oxygenated.
Experimental Investigation on Characteristic Study of the Carbon Steel C45 in...IJMER
In this paper, the mechanical characteristics of C45 medium carbon steel are investigated
under various working conditions. The main characteristic to be studied on this paper is impact toughness
of the material with different configurations and the experiment were carried out on charpy impact testing
equipment. This study reveals the ability of the material to absorb energy up to failure for various
specimen configurations under different heat treated conditions and the corresponding results were
compared with the analysis outcome
Non linear analysis of Robot Gun Support Structure using Equivalent Dynamic A...IJMER
Robot guns are being increasingly employed in automotive manufacturing to replace
risky jobs and also to increase productivity. Using a single robot for a single operation proves to be
expensive. Hence for cost optimization, multiple guns are mounted on a single robot and multiple
operations are performed. Robot Gun structure is an efficient way in which multiple welds can be done
simultaneously. However mounting several weld guns on a single structure induces a variety of
dynamic loads, especially during movement of the robot arm as it maneuvers to reach the weld
locations. The primary idea employed in this paper, is to model those dynamic loads as equivalent G
force loads in FEA. This approach will be on the conservative side, and will be saving time and
subsequently cost efficient. The approach of the paper is towards creating a standard operating
procedure when it comes to analysis of such structures, with emphasis on deploying various technical
aspects of FEA such as Non Linear Geometry, Multipoint Constraint Contact Algorithm, Multizone
meshing .
Static Analysis of Go-Kart Chassis by Analytical and Solid Works SimulationIJMER
This paper aims to do modelling, simulation and performing the static analysis of a go
kart chassis consisting of Circular beams. Modelling, simulations and analysis are performed using 3-D
modelling software i.e. Solid Works and ANSYS according to the rulebook provided by Indian Society of
New Era Engineers (ISNEE) for National Go Kart Championship (NGKC-14).The maximum deflection is
determined by performing static analysis. Computed results are then compared to analytical calculation,
where it is found that the location of maximum deflection agrees well with theoretical approximation but
varies on magnitude aspect.
In récent year various vehicle introduced in market but due to limitation in
carbon émission and BS Séries limitd speed availability vehicle in the market and causing of
environnent pollution over few year There is need to decrease dependancy on fuel vehicle.
bicycle is to be modified for optional in the future To implement new technique using change in
pedal assembly and variable speed gearbox such as planetary gear optimise speed of vehicle
with variable speed ratio.To increase the efficiency of bicycle for confortable drive and to
reduce torque appli éd on bicycle. we introduced epicyclic gear box in which transmission done
throgh Chain Drive (i.e. Sprocket )to rear wheel with help of Epicyclical gear Box to give
number of différent Speed during driving.To reduce torque requirent in the cycle with change in
the pedal mechanism
Integration of Struts & Spring & Hibernate for Enterprise ApplicationsIJMER
The proposal of this paper is to present Spring Framework which is widely used in
developing enterprise applications. Considering the current state where applications are developed using
the EJB model, Spring Framework assert that ordinary java beans(POJO) can be utilize with minimal
modifications. This modular framework can be used to develop the application faster and can reduce
complexity. This paper will highlight the design overview of Spring Framework along with its features that
have made the framework useful. The integration of multiple frameworks for an E-commerce system has
also been addressed in this paper. This paper also proposes structure for a website based on integration of
Spring, Hibernate and Struts Framework.
Microcontroller Based Automatic Sprinkler Irrigation SystemIJMER
Microcontroller based Automatic Sprinkler System is a new concept of using
intelligence power of embedded technology in the sprinkler irrigation work. Designed system replaces
the conventional manual work involved in sprinkler irrigation to automatic process. Using this system a
farmer is protected against adverse inhuman weather conditions, tedious work of changing over of
sprinkler water pipe lines & risk of accident due to high pressure in the water pipe line. Overall
sprinkler irrigation work is transformed in to a comfortableautomatic work. This system provides
flexibility & accuracy in respect of time set for the operation of a sprinkler water pipe lines. In present
work the author has designed and developed an automatic sprinkler irrigation system which is
controlled and monitored by a microcontroller interfaced with solenoid valves.
On some locally closed sets and spaces in Ideal Topological SpacesIJMER
In this paper we introduce and characterize some new generalized locally closed sets
known as
δ
ˆ
s-locally closed sets and spaces are known as
δ
ˆ
s-normal space and
δ
ˆ
s-connected space and
discussed some of their properties
Intrusion Detection and Forensics based on decision tree and Association rule...IJMER
This paper present an approach based on the combination of, two techniques using
decision tree and Association rule mining for Probe attack detection. This approach proves to be
better than the traditional approach of generating rules for fuzzy expert system by clustering methods.
Association rule mining for selecting the best attributes together and decision tree for identifying the
best parameters together to create the rules for fuzzy expert system. After that rules for fuzzy expert
system are generated using association rule mining and decision trees. Decision trees is generated for
dataset and to find the basic parameters for creating the membership functions of fuzzy inference
system. Membership functions are generated for the probe attack. Based on these rules we have
created the fuzzy inference system that is used as an input to neuro-fuzzy system. Fuzzy inference
system is loaded to neuro-fuzzy toolbox as an input and the final ANFIS structure is generated for
outcome of neuro-fuzzy approach. The experiments and evaluations of the proposed method were
done with NSL-KDD intrusion detection dataset. As the experimental results, the proposed approach
based on the combination of, two techniques using decision tree and Association rule mining
efficiently detected probe attacks. Experimental results shows better results for detecting intrusions as
compared to others existing methods
Natural Language Ambiguity and its Effect on Machine LearningIJMER
"Natural language processing" here refers to the use and ability of systems to process
sentences in a natural language such as English, rather than in a specialized artificial computer
language such as C++. The systems of real interest here are digital computers of the type we think of as
personal computers and mainframes. Of course humans can process natural languages, but for us the
question is whether digital computers can or ever will process natural languages. We have tried to
explore in depth and break down the types of ambiguities persistent throughout the natural languages
and provide an answer to the question “How it affects the machine translation process and thereby
machine learning as whole?” .
Today in era of software industry there is no perfect software framework available for
analysis and software development. Currently there are enormous number of software development
process exists which can be implemented to stabilize the process of developing a software system. But no
perfect system is recognized till yet which can help software developers for opting of best software
development process. This paper present the framework of skillful system combined with Likert scale. With
the help of Likert scale we define a rule based model and delegate some mass score to every process and
develop one tool name as MuxSet which will help the software developers to select an appropriate
development process that may enhance the probability of system success.
Material Parameter and Effect of Thermal Load on Functionally Graded CylindersIJMER
The present study investigates the creep in a thick-walled composite cylinders made
up of aluminum/aluminum alloy matrix and reinforced with silicon carbide particles. The distribution
of SiCp is assumed to be either uniform or decreasing linearly from the inner to the outer radius of
the cylinder. The creep behavior of the cylinder has been described by threshold stress based creep
law with a stress exponent of 5. The composite cylinders are subjected to internal pressure which is
applied gradually and steady state condition of stress is assumed. The creep parameters required to
be used in creep law, are extracted by conducting regression analysis on the available experimental
results. The mathematical models have been developed to describe steady state creep in the composite
cylinder by using von-Mises criterion. Regression analysis is used to obtain the creep parameters
required in the study. The basic equilibrium equation of the cylinder and other constitutive equations
have been solved to obtain creep stresses in the cylinder. The effect of varying particle size, particle
content and temperature on the stresses in the composite cylinder has been analyzed. The study
revealed that the stress distributions in the cylinder do not vary significantly for various combinations
of particle size, particle content and operating temperature except for slight variation observed for
varying particle content. Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) emerged and led to the development
of superior heat resistant materials.
Energy Audit is the systematic process for finding out the energy conservation
opportunities in industrial processes. The project carried out studies on various energy conservation
measures application in areas like lighting, motors, compressors, transformer, ventilation system etc.
In this investigation, studied the technical aspects of the various measures along with its cost benefit
analysis.
Investigation found that major areas of energy conservation are-
1. Energy efficient lighting schemes.
2. Use of electronic ballast instead of copper ballast.
3. Use of wind ventilators for ventilation.
4. Use of VFD for compressor.
5. Transparent roofing sheets to reduce energy consumption.
So Energy Audit is the only perfect & analyzed way of meeting the Industrial Energy Conservation.
An Implementation of I2C Slave Interface using Verilog HDLIJMER
The focus of this paper is on implementation of Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) protocol
following slave module for no data loss. In this paper, the principle and the operation of I2C bus protocol
will be introduced. It follows the I2C specification to provide device addressing, read/write operation and
an acknowledgement. The programmable nature of device provide users with the flexibility of configuring
the I2C slave device to any legal slave address to avoid the slave address collision on an I2C bus with
multiple slave devices. This paper demonstrates how I2C Master controller transmits and receives data to
and from the Slave with proper synchronization.
The module is designed in Verilog and simulated in ModelSim. The design is also synthesized in Xilinx
XST 14.1. This module acts as a slave for the microprocessor which can be customized for no data loss.
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One PreyIJMER
This paper investigates the dynamical behavior of a discrete model of one prey two
predator systems. The equilibrium points and their stability are analyzed. Time series plots are obtained
for different sets of parameter values. Also bifurcation diagrams are plotted to show dynamical behavior
of the system in selected range of growth parameter
Discrete Model of Two Predators competing for One Prey
E04012533
1. International Journal of Engineering Inventions
e-ISSN: 2278-7461, p-ISSN: 2319-6491
Volume 4, Issue 1 (July 2014) PP: 25-33
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 25
Analysis of Public Interest and Industry Satisfaction
In Houses on Stilts of Woloan Tomohon Indonesia
Yongker Baali1
, Jeany Polii Mandang2
, Imam Santoso3
, Soemarno4
1
Environmental Science and Technology Graduate Program, University of Brawijaya
Jl. MT. Haryono no 169, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
2
Department of Industry Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute Technology of Minaesa (ITM) Tomohon
Jl. Stadion Selatan Walian, Tomohon, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
3
Department of Agroecotech, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado
Jl. Kampus Bahu, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
4
Department of Agriculture Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Brawijaya
Jl. Veteran Malang 65145, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the interest rate and satisfaction of community toward houses on stilts
industry of Woloan Tomohon Indonesia. This study used an analysis tool of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA),
which measured the satisfaction and importance of the houses on stilts industrial community and people who live
surround the Woloan Tomohon. The results is Concentrate Here, it means concentration of attention is needed to
improve the quality of such attributes (top priority), i.e. the arrangement condition of the industrial area, the
availability of drainage network, water conditions of drainage network, maintenance of drainage systems, waste
treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, condition and availability of communications networks, commercial
facilities availability, and water resource utilization in industrial area scale. Otherwise, for community surround
houses on stilts industry, matter that should be improved are drainage condition, trash placement and management of
local industry, waste management, air pollution in industrial areas, pollutants handling on company, company's
contribution for social corporate, community’s social legitimacy towards exploitation of natural resources in local
area, the agreements of local residents’ welfare, company's consultation process for local community, responses and
follow-up on public comments and complaints, influence of local company’s development on public health, the
progess of disease vector due to company’s construction, project procedure to prevent and overcome work accidents.
Keywords: Importance Performance Analysis, Clean production, Houses on Stilts of Woloan Tomohon, Wood waste
I. Introduction
One of the forest benefits is as timber producer that is used to fullfil the community needs for construction,
raw materials (wooding) and as non-oil export commodities which are quite strategic for additional foreign exchange
for Indonesia. Utilization of forest products (such as timber) has been granted by the government in the form
concessions permission for logging companies HPH, HPHTI, IPK and BUMN to exploit and professionally manage
while maintaining the balance of the forest itself (Mulyanto, 2013).
The recent existence and role of forest product industry, especially timber, in Indonesia is to serve
substantial challenges related to the imbalance between raw industrial demand and sustainable timber production.
Facing current natural forests condition which has declined in quality and area indicates deteriorating condition of the
forest and wood raw material scarcity. Fundamental changes are crucial in determining policy on various aspects
challenges such as environment, ecolabel, and carbon trading. By promoting the role of more pro-industry technology
innovation, especially small industry, improving the proces efficiency and maximizing the utilization of forest
products and waste wood biomass that leads to zero waste (Noelaka, 2008).
Forest exploitation increases the volume of wood waste. Timber waste of forest exploitation occurs at the
cutting site, along the transport path, at the collection point and in the log pond (dump) and estimated 30% of the total
harvested timber (Ward, 2004). Otherwise, waste from the furniture industry such as shavings, wood chops, defective
parts and sawdust. Observations on potential waste wood industry are based on a comparison of output, input and
reference to the Bogor research Center for Forest Products Research and Development. The comparison demonstrate
the potential of plywood industry waste that reached 60% while in the sawmill industry ranges from 50.2% of the
processed raw materials. The potential of wood waste and only partial wood (35-49%) have been exploited and
utilized. However, the rest is still in the form of wood waste. Without optimal utilization, industrial waste can
contribute environmental pollution.
The emergence of sustainable economic concept or sustainable development based on the various impacts
that occurs in the environment due to various human activities including industrial development of houses on stilts in
Woloan, Tomohon. Industrial development of houses on stilts in Woloan, Tomohon, North Sulawesi still have not
been able to optimally utilize industrial waste, it just simply burned or thrown away. It causes the accumulation of
2. Analysis Of Public Interest And Industry Satisfaction In Houses on Stilts Of Woloan Tomohon Indonesia
www.ijeijournal.com Page | 26
waste forest product due to continuously home industry activities, whereas this could be valuable if they could utilize
the waste product well.
Waste wood could be processed into aroma therapy briquettes which do not require high technology during
the manufacturing process and the expected marketing for both local and export will gain a lot of revenue. These
incomes are economic source and promised job opportunities for present and future. By utilizing the industrial wood
waste, environment become safer from careless burning which can harm people health.
Clean production is an environment management model that implemented by industry to reduce industrial
waste. This give advantages for industry in reducing production cost, retrenchment, thus made more effective
environmental performance (Purwanto, 2005).
UNEP explained the clean production strategy as the way to prevent environment side effects for human and
environment it self from continuous process, products, and services (UNEP, 2000). Bishop (2001), Van Berkel
(2001), Ma’ruf et al. (2006), and Indrasti et al. (2009) also explained this strategy as a preventive way which is
implemented from up to down stream of industial process in exploring natural resources, prevents environmental
pollution and reduces the formation of waste on its source to minimize health risk and environmental damage.
This trategy is not only implemented by industry for efficiency and profitable purposes but also still
considering environmental sustainability aspect. Nontheless clean production at the household scale industry such as
industry of houses on stilts in Woloan, Tomohon also needs further studied. It is intended to obtain ideal clean
production application if this business grown and expanded, so that the negative effects of the presence efforts can be
minimized.
The purposes of this study are to analyze level of industry importance and satisfaction of houses on stilts in
Woloan, Tomohon. We also aimed to assess the clean production that applied in the houses on stilts construction
activities that is expected to be more effective in cost, time and effort as well as friendly to the environment.
Clean Production
Clean production is concept of holistic production process that not only involved production process, but
also management of the entire production cycle: procurement of raw material and subsidiary, processes and
operations, product and waste, distribution and consumption. It includes the issues that concerning the mindset,
attitudes and behavior (government, citizens, and businesses). Application of this concept continuously is an
environment preventive act of integrated business strategies to obtain resources, processes, products and services with
a high level of efficiency as a goal to increase profits and decrease environment risks (Lowe, 2001; Purwanto, 2004).
Some of the clean production strategies are needed for production process. Production process needed to
reduce the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals, water, energy and other recources. Clean production also attempts to
decrease the quantity and toxic level for all industrial emission and waste. These elements are also intended to raise
the level of benefit, especially for production cost incurred by non clean production technologies. Clean production is
focused for reducing the environmental impacts of product life-cycle, from raw materials extraction to the final
disposal. The service aspect has to include environmental aspects during the plan and delivery of services. This is
including packaging design, transporting and products recycling (Purwanto, 2005; Mamoune et al., 2011).
There are basic essentials that must be held in the concept and implementation of clean production. Clean
production is the principles of prevention, reduction and removal of waste form the source. Fundamental change in
the attitude of the management is a commitment that must be made by all parties of industry. Pollution prevention
should be implemented as early as possible, at every stage of activities ranging from the manufacture of regulations,
policies, project implementation, production processes and product design. Moreover, it should be carried out
continuously and in line with the progression of science and technology (Salvasen, 1996; Côté et al., 1997; Schlarb,
2001; Lowitt, 2012).
II. Materials and Methods
This study uses analysis of importance and satisfaction level of community toward houses on stilts Woloan,
Tomohon industry by using a quantitative approach of IPA (Important Performance Analysis) on the level of
community interest and satisfaction. This is conducted by placing a line of intersection quadrant on the average value
of the observations at the axis level of satisfaction and handling to the priority axis. It was aimed to find out the
specification of each factor that lies in a particular quadrant (Bacon, 2003). Period of this study is four months (May-
September 2013), involving 2 assisstance person for respondent’s interview.
Study Site
Site of this study selected by criterion-based method, which is based on the selection criteria specified
background and certain events to achieve complete information (Kanto, 2003). Site consideration that the place is a
wooden houses on stilts craftsman of iron wood which became a favorite investment products for North Sulawesi
province goverment (Fig. 1).
3. Analysis Of Public Interest And Industry Satisfaction In Houses on Stilts Of Woloan Tomohon Indonesia
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Data Collection
Data collected from 61 respondents who live in the study site with questionnaires. Respondents were divided
into two categories, community surround the houses on stilts of Woloan Tomohon and wooden house industry in
Woloan Tomohon.
Figure 1. Study Site
Importance Performance Analysis
The procedure of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) are: 1) determine the factors that will be analyzed;
2) survey through questionnaires and interviews, 3) calculate the average value of the interest rate and customer
satisfaction, 4) create an IPA graph, 5) evaluation of each quadrants’ factors.
Analysis on the level of importance and satisfaction were measured by Likert scale to produce a meaningful
response, from strongly disagree to strongly agree-range of values 1 to 5 (Sumarwan, 2002). Likert scale measured all
variables as indicator of variables. Then the indicator variable is used as a starting point to construct the indicator
instrument of questions or statements. Each answer of the variables using a Likert scale has gradations answer from
very positive to very negative, then converted to scores (Table 1).
Table1. Score of Importance and Satisfaction Level
Score Importance Level Satisfaction Level
5 Very important Very Good
4 Important Good
3 Neutral Neutral
2 Not important Not good
1 Very unimportant Worst
Rationalization of the IPA can be understood easily by conducting a survey to obtain information of
importance and performance. This makes it possible to calculate the average assessment of the importance and
performance attributes and the grand mean. Grand means can realize an alternative system shown as a crosshair (Fig.
2). Data of importance and performance should be put on a two dimensional grid with importance on the y-axis and
performance on the x-axis. Then the data mapped into four quadrants (Slack, 1991; Barsky, 1995; Athiyaman, 1997;
Bourner, 1998; Sampson et al., 1999; Bacon, 2003):
1. First Quadrant (Q1): the average score of importance is 3.00 to 5.00 and the performance is 1.00-2.99. It shows
high importance but low in performance. This quadrant is labeled as "Concentrate Here" that needs focus on
improving the attributes’ quality (top priority). This quadrant also indicates that the element or attribute services
of importance above average, but less attention and marketing side, where the level of performance below
average, led to less satisfactory for the community.
2. Second Quadrant (Q2): the average of importance score is 3.00 to 5.00, similar to the performance, which means
both importance and performance is high. It indicates the existing system has to be maintained. This category is
labeled as "Keep up the good work". Level of importance and performance is considered important in fulfilling
good quality standards (continued achievement). The community perceived the element or attribute is above
average quality and well-executed, so that the community satisfied on the level of performance.
3. Third quadrant (Q3): In contrast, the category of importance is low (1.00-2.99) and similar to the low interest
1.00-2.99. It labeled as "Low Priority". This means that the importance and the performance did not meet the
quality standards (low priority). This quadrant shows that these elements were made conventional, less concern
marketing and not considered essential for community.
4. Fourth Quadrant (Q4): the average score of importance is 1.00-2.99 and performance of 3.00-5.00. It represents
low importance and high performance (excessive quality). The mapping of importance-performance includes the
addition of a dent > 45° line, highlighted the different priority areas. It is also known as iso-appraisal or iso-
priority line, with performance equal to importance. Attributes below the line should be prioritized, while the
attributes above the line suggests otherwise. This quadrant also shows the elements that are not deemed important
by community, very well executed by marketing as something that may be very exaggregate.
5.
4. Analysis Of Public Interest And Industry Satisfaction In Houses on Stilts Of Woloan Tomohon Indonesia
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Figure 2. Importance-Performance Matrix
The steps of this Importance Performance Analysis are expalined as follows.
- Weighting /assessment, carried out by making a five-point scale for physical data, adapted to the social scale using
a Likert scale with five response categories.
- Calculating level of suitability, which is a comparing step between service’s performance score and score of
interest. The level of suitability will determine the priority order of importance-performance.
- The calculation of community satisfaction level can be used in determining the priority to improve the
performance of the company over the attributes that affect people's satisfaction. Against all the attributes that
affect the satisfaction expressed by the following formula:
and
Description:
k = number of respondences
X = score of Importance
Y = score of hope
- Create Cartesian diagram (as shown in Figure 2), a shape that consists of four sections bounded by two
perpendicular lines intersect at the point (average X and Y). Where x is the average score of existing performance
level on all variables, while Y is the average scores of importance.
III. Result and Discussion
Importance and Performance of Houses on Stilts Industry
The Interests of the industry is measured wiyh 31 questions on the IPA of houses on stilts industry (Table 2).
Figure 3 shows seven different variables of first quadrant (Q1), 24 variables in second quadrant (Q2), and no
variables neither for quadrant 3 nor quadrant 4.
Quadrant 1 (Q1)
Importance rates score is 3.00-5.00 and performance score is 1.00-2.99, which mean high importance level
but low performance level (2), availability of drainage network (9), condition of water drainage (10), maintainance of
drainage network (11), waste treatment (20) industrial waste management (21), condition and availability of
communicating network (24), availability of commercial facilities (27), and utilization of water resources in industrial
scale (30).
These seven indicators (point 2, 9, 10, 11, 20, 21, 24, 27, and 30) are categorized into hight importance and
low performance in Quadrant IV. This quadrant known as “Concentrate Here” which means focusing on improving
the quality attributes (top priority). Based on IPA matrix on interest and satisfaction of public and industry, the
indicators must be synchronizes with the industry consideration (Tsang et al., 2000; Antony et al., 2004; Lau et al.,
2005). IPA has been developed as analysis tool to facilitatting setting priorities for improvement and resource
placement. Three factor of satisfaction theory of customer show non linear relation between satisfaction and interest
involved the interest changing (Salvasen, 1996; Schlarb, 2001; Matzler et al., 2003). Seen from interest rate of
industry, average scoring for level of interest from high to low is described below (Fig. 4).
Table 2. Importance Performance Analysis of Houses on Stilts Industry
No Indicator Performance Importance Quadrant
1 Industrial hygiene condition 3.34 4.69 Q2
2 Spatial condition of industrial system 2.69 4.62 Q1
3 The distance of industrial area to residence 3.95 4.77 Q2
4 The distance between industrial area and down town 3.82 4.75 Q2
5 The pattern of road network (easy access) 4.21 4.74 Q2
6 Pavement condition 4.48 4.74 Q2
7 Road width (dimension) 4.13 4.39 Q2
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8 Completeness of the road supporting facilities 3.16 4.43 Q2
9 Availability of drainage network 2.98 4.34 Q1
10 Water conditions of drainage network 2.80 4.49 Q1
11 Maintenance of drainage network 2.49 4.26 Q1
12 Conditions of clean water 3.62 4.30 Q2
13 Availability of clean water network 3.62 4.36 Q2
14 Clean water network 3.66 4.30 Q2
15 The availability of clean water network facilities 3.75 4.20 Q2
16 The availability of clean water facilities 3.67 4.16 Q2
17 Waste placement 3.79 4.80 Q2
18 Waste transport 3.16 4.39 Q2
19 Availability and condition of municipal waste 3.00 4.41 Q2
20 Waste treatment 1.92 4.74 Q1
21 Wastewater treatment in industrial area 2.03 4.23 Q1
22 Electrical network availability 4.39 4.30 Q2
23 Conditions and availability of electricity infrastructure 3.67 4.70 Q2
24 Conditions and availability of communications networks 2.79 4.36 Q1
25 Topography/elevation 3.72 4.72 Q2
26 Labour availability 3.95 4.74 Q2
27 The availability of commercial facilities 2.23 4.23 Q1
28 Suitability of work safety regulations 3.05 4.25 Q2
29 Utilization of industrial scale energy 3.25 4.46 Q2
30 Utilization of water resources at industrial area 2.74 4.39 Q1
31 Integration with society 4.59 4.39 Q2
54321
5
4
3
2
1
Performance
Importance
531
5
3
1
3130 29
2827
2625
24
23
2221
20
19 18
17
1615
14131211
10
9 8 7
654 3
2 1
Importance Performance Analysis
Figure 3. Importance-Performance Matrix of Houses on Stilts Industry
Figure 4. Level of Industrial Interest Rate
Waste management is the compulsory main step for industry. To reach industry satisfaction in waste
management, it also need to concern the availability of commercial facility and drainage network, management of
drainage network, availability of communication network, water resource utilization at industrial area, water
conditions of drainage network and condition of the spatial arrangement in the industrial area.
It is essential to utilize sawdust waste to provide economical value for the industry. It is difficult to reduce
the main waste wood industry, such as wood chops and sawdust, unless it made into valuable furniture. Some
industrial waste from furnituring process also “costing” and reduce impact to environment (Pari, 2002; Rustini, 2004;
Haris, 2005). This result is similar to Pari (2002) that explained mostly industrial waste thrown to the river and cause
narrowing and shallowing of rivers and water pollution. Some even directly burned and contribute emissions of
carbon gases in the atmosphere.
The amount of waste that generated from a business activity indicates the low efficiency and performance of
the business management, which is also closely related to environmental performance. So far, employers have a
misperception about the efforts of pollution control because they prefers a reactive approach to managing waste only
6. Analysis Of Public Interest And Industry Satisfaction In Houses on Stilts Of Woloan Tomohon Indonesia
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after the waste is overcrossed the quality standard that has been set by the government. That's led to the perception
that environmental issues are burden and costs. Increasing environmental concerns and the relationship pattern
between the industries entered the execution stage of industrial activity. It is not only suppressed to lower production
costs, but furthermore encouraged to avoid the waste of natural resources and overlooked the potential utilization of
byproducts and raw materials for other industrial activities (Johansson, 1992; Nemerow, 1995; Randall, 2001).
Quadrant 2 (Q2)
The second quadrant (Q2) of IPA included 24 variables (Fig. 5). Either the average of importance score or
the performance score is 3.00 to 5.00, which indicates high importance and performance. It is included the industrial
hygiene condition (1), the distance between industrial area and residence (3), the distance of industrial area to down
town (4), road network pattern (easy access) (5), pavement condition (6), road width (dimension) (7), road supporting
facilities (8), conditions of clean water (12), availability of clean water network (13), clean water network (14), the
availability of clean water network facilities (15), the condition of clean water facilities (16), waste placement (17),
waste transport (18) the availability and condition of municipal waste (19), electrical network availability (22),
condition and availability of electrical infrastructure (23), topography/elevation (25), labor availability (26),
suitability of work safety regulations (28), utilization industrial scale energy (29), and integration with society (31).
The 24 indicator included in the same category of high importance and performance, which indicates that the
existing system is valued high and should be maintained. This category is labeled as "Keep up the good work’’ by
means that interest and performance is considered as crucial to meet the best standards (continued achievement). This
quadrant also shows well-executed element or attribute that is perceived by the people as above average. As
consequence, when the level of performance is reaching above average, industrial actor will be satisfied.
Integration with the society is felt as the most satisfied variables by businesses actor in the industrial of
houses on stilts. On the other hand, business actors perceived trash placement as the highest interest rate factor.
Houses on stilts industry is originally done by native people of Woloan Tomohon. Thus the intregation with the
society of Woloan Tomohon is highly dynamic.
Figure 5. Satisfaction Rate of Industrial Actor
Quadrant 3 and 4 (Q3 and Q4)
Important performance analysis shows none of the indicator located neither in quadrant 3 nor quadrant 4. It
means that none of the indicator categorized in low priority (not first priority) and excessive quality (low interest and
high performance).
Interest and Satisfaction on Houses on Stilts Industry
Level of satisfaction and industrial interests of the community around the houses on stilts is measured by 24
questions. Table 3 shows the Importance Performance Analysis on community around Industry of houses on stilts,
while Figure 6 described the average rate of public interest around houses on stilts industry in the form of quadrant
graphic.
Table 3. Importance Performance Analysis on Community Surround Houses on Stilts Industry
No Indicator Performance Importance Quadrant
1 Pavement in industrial area 4.14 4.74 Q2
2 Completeness of road supporting facilities 3.61 4.46 Q2
3 Convenience of transportation facilities 3.58 4.34 Q2
4 Safety of transport infrastructure 3.45 4.17 Q2
5 Condition of transportation infrastructure facilities 3.47 4.50 Q2
6 Condition of clean water 3.69 4.40 Q2
7 Drainage condition 2.56 4.16 Q1
8 Waste placement of local industry 2.60 4.75 Q1
9 Waste management of local industry 2.41 4.82 Q1
10 Waste management 2.49 4.85 Q1
11 Availability of electricity infrastructure 3.34 4.30 Q2
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12 Air pollution in industrial area 2.35 3.38 Q1
13 Pollutant handling by company 2.42 4.51 Q1
14 Company's contribution for social corporate 2.82 3.91 Q1
15 Company’s influence on the local labor recruitment 3.58 4.18 Q2
16
Social legitimacy on exploitation of local natural
resources
2.73 3.93 Q1
17 Related parties agreements on the welfare of local
residents
2.89 4.14 Q1
18
Company's consultation process towards local
community
2.82 4.00 Q1
19 The company's efforts for development to prevent
conflicts between local communities
3.30 4.14 Q2
20 Response and follow-up on public’s comments and
complaints
2.87 4.10 Q1
21 The company's efforts to make the project not to ruin the
social integrity of community
3.15 4.11 Q2
22 Influence d of the company to the local public health 2.87 3.42 Q1
23 Vectors of disease progression due to company’s
development
2.71 3.38 Q1
24 Project procedure to prevent and overcome accidents 2.82 4.51 Q1
54321
5
4
3
2
1
Performance
Importance
531
5
3
1
24
23 22
2120 19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
109 8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Importance Performance Analysis
Figure 6. Importance-Performance Matrix of Community
around Houses on Stilts Industry
Quadrant 1 (Q1)
We found 14 indicators located on first quadran (Q1), by high importance score (3.00-5.00) and low
performance score (1.00-2.99). The indicators in Q1 are drainage condition (7), waste placement of local industry (8),
waste management of local industry (9), waste management (10), air pollution in industial area (12), pollutant
handling by company (13), company's contribution for social corporate (14), social legitimacy on exploitation of local
natural resources (16), related parties agreements on the welfare of local residents (17), company's consultation
process towards local community (18), response and follow-up on public’s comments and complaints (20), influence
of local company to the local public health (22), vectors of disease progression due to company’s development (23),
project procedure to prevent and overcome accidents (24).
These 14 items categorized as high interest but low performance or ”Concentrate Here”, which means it is
necessary for focusing on improvement of the quality attributes (top priority). It shows the existing system require
immediate corrective actions and should be highly prioritized (Fig. 7).
Figure 7. Average Rate of Public Interest around Houses on Stilts Industry
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Waste management is the first indicator that must be improved by industries, according to the perception of
the local community. It implied that waste management is crucial for local community, and surrounding communities
are not satisfied with the existing waste management. Communities around the houses on stilts industry felt
inconvenience by the wood waste, because it is usually ignored or burned. Clean production aims to control the
aspects of resources, which attempt to reduce the amount of hazardous substances, wasted pollutants or contaminants
through sewage or released to the environment (including the volatile emissions) before recycled, treated or disposed.
Clean production is an integrative and preventive strategy for environmental management which need sustainable
application on production process and product life cycle. Clean production is aimed for reducing both for human and
environment. The implementation of clean production is a holistic concept on how the product is designed and
consumed wisely without causing damage to environment (Thorpe, 1999; Deutz et al., 2004; Gibbs et al., 2008).
Local industry’s waste management also needs to consider waste placement from the local industry, the
company's handling on pollutants, the project procedure to prevent and overcome accidents, drainage conditions, the
agreements related to the local residents welfare, response and follow-up comments and complaints against society.
Quadrant 2 (Q2)
IPA result shows 10 indicators are categorized in the second quadrant (Q2), with a same high average of
importance and performance score of 3.00 - 5.00. The indicators are pavement in industrial area (1), completeness of
road supporting facilities (2), convenience of transportation facilities (3), Safety of transport infrastructure (4),
condition of transportation infrastructure facilities (5), conditions of clean water (6), availability of electricity
infrastructure (11), Company’s influence on local labor recruitment (15), the company’s efforts to prevent conflicts
between local communities (19), the company's efforts to maintain social integrity (21).
Ten items that mentioned previously are categorized into high interest and performance. It shows that the
existing system should be maintained and labeled as "Keep up the good work”. It implied that the indicator is well-
executed and public is satisfied with it (Fig. 8). Local community is most satisfied and the highest interest on
pavement in industrial area indicator.
Figure 8. Public Satisfaction on Houses on Stilts Industry
Quadrant 3 and Quadrant 4 (Q3 and Q4)
The results of IPA on interest and satisfaction showed none of the indicators located in quadrant 3 or 4,
which means that no indicators that low priority or excessive quality.
IV. Conclusion
We concluded that IPA analysis for entrepreneurs consisted of seven indicators for high interest rate but low
level of satisfaction which indicate the compulsory improvement. Aspects that need to be improved are spatial
conditions of the industrial area, availability of drainage network, water conditions of drainage network, maintenance
of drainage network, waste treatment, industrial waste treatment, conditions and availability of communications
networks, availability of commercial facilities, and utilization of water resources in industrial scale.
Surrounding community showed fourteen indicators that should be improved due to its low level of
satisfaction although interest level is high. The indicators are drainage condition, waste placement, waste
management, air pollution, handling of pollutants, company’s contribution to social corporate, social legitimacy to
exploitation of local natural resources, agreements on residents’ welfare, the company responsibilty for local
community and follow-up responses to the public comments and complaints, influence of company development to
public health, disease vector progression due to development of the company, the project procedure to prevent and
overcome accidents.
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Acknowledgement
The authors wish to express great appreciations for those below for their help, motivation, and supports.
1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Soemarno, MS as promoter and also Graduate Program Director of Brawijaya University Malang for motivating
and guidance.
2. Dr. Ir. Imam Santoso, MS as 1st
co-promotor for guidance to finish the study.
3. Prof. Dr. Ir. J. Polii-Mandang, MS as 2nd
co-promotor who also never giving up to guide and motivating the author.
4. Employers of Houses on Stilts Industry in Woloan Tomohon who always helps in the research.
5. Communities around houses on stilts industry of Woloan Tomohon who also easily provide information in research.
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