1. Dynamic anthropometry measures the movement of body parts in relation to fixed points under active conditions, unlike static anthropometry which measures dimensions at rest. 2. It is used to design workspaces, equipment, and vehicles by establishing zones like clearance, reach, and circulation space needed for tasks. 3. Personal space and territoriality are also considered, reflecting psychological preferences for various distances between individuals and protection from hazards.

1. Click to edit Master title style
1
Dynamic
anthropometry

2. Click to edit Master title style
2
‒ Intr oduc tion
‒ C lear anc e
‒ Whole body access
‒ Circulation space
‒ Safety clearance
‒ Personal space
‒ R eac h: w or k s pace envelope
‒ Zone of convenient reach
‒ Normal working area
content

3. Click to edit Master title style
3
two basic anthropometry measurements:
static or structural
• Study dimensions and sizes of the body in a fixed structural position
• from one clearly identifiable anatomical landmark to another or to a
fixed point in space
introduction

4. Click to edit Master title style
4
Uses of static anthropometric data:
• Designing workstations
• Personal protective equipment
• Clothes
• Passage places
• Determining the location of the controls
• Work equipment and tools

5. Click to edit Master title style
5
Dynamic or Functional
• describe the movement of a body part with respect to a
fixed reference point
• measurements that are measured under action conditions
• action conditions is the state in which a person is given the
freedom to assume a natural position for doing work
• the state of body movement and the maximum deviation of
the body from the natural state are studied
• more complicated and difficult
introduction

6. Click to edit Master title style
6
converting static data to dynamic:
• Reduce heights (stature, eye, shoulder, hip) by 3 percent.
• Elbow height: no change, or increase by 5 percent if elevated
at work.
• Knee or popliteal height, sitting: no change, except with high-
heel shoes.
• Forward and lateral reaches: decrease by 30 percent for
convenience, increase by 20 percent for extensive shoulder
and trunk motions

7. Click to edit Master title style
7
Several parts of dynamic measurement:
• understand the mechanical state of an activity by measuring
the level of skills. For example, in the study of athlete
performance.
• When working, it is necessary to measure the area of ​​​​the
room. For example, the effective range of motion of the
arms and legs.
• Measuring work variability, for example, analyzing the
kinematics and finger capabilities of a computer typist or
operator.
introduction

8. Click to edit Master title style
8
Examples of desired sizes in this type are:
• Maximum reach in sitting position
• Height of the body in the kneeling position
• Height of the body when the trunk is bent
Uses of functional anthropometric data:
• Design of pilot cabin and crane cabin
• Designing the space inside the car
• Determining the location of control panels in
industries
• Determining access spaces on work tables
introduction

9. Click to edit Master title style
9
different parts of the human body are studied in
three planes:
• Sagittal plane: the body is divided into left
and right parts in the longitudinal direction.
• Coronal or frontal plane: passes through the
lateral part of the body and divides the body
longitudinally into anterior and posterior parts.
• Transverse plate: passes horizontally
through the body and divides the body into
two upper and lower parts from the waist.

10. Click to edit Master title style
10
• Clearance
• Whole Body Access
• Circulation Space
• Safety Clearances
• Personal Space
• Reach: Workspace Envelope
• Zones of Convenient Reach
• Normal Working Area

11. Click to edit Master title style
11
clearance
• relate to access and the space needed to
perform a task
• maximum breadth and depth of the body at the
widest or deepest point

12. Click to edit Master title style
12
• body ellipse: space requirements for a standing person
• space occupied by the human body
• the long and short axes are maximum breadth and
depth
• ‘elbow room’, circle around the ellipse, 95th %ile male
elbow span (1020 mm).
• Two further circles, arm spans of a 5th %ile woman
and a 95th %ile man

13. Click to edit Master title style
13
1.Whole Body Access
• minimum dimensions for hatches or openings giving
whole-body access to and egress from confined
spaces
• should be increased if equipment has to be worn or
carried, used by more than one person at a time
• important for escape hatches where a casualty might
need to be rescued
• ISO 2860: ‘the smallest dimension that will
accommodate the 95th percentile operator’
• 5% of operators trying to pass through hatches of
these dimensions would get stuck
• in a safety-critical application would clearly be
unacceptable

14. Click to edit Master title style
14
2.Circulation Space
• Minimum dimensional requirements for
circulation space in buildings, passage
between obstacles
• depend upon the context, obviously being less
in a party with a group of friends than in a
public space when mixing with strangers
• ranging from the obviously undesirable ‘close-
packed with no movement possible’ to ‘free
circulation without disturbing other people
• adequate circulation space and passageways
is a critical safety issue when planning
facilities to accommodate large crowds

15. Click to edit Master title style
15
3.Safety Clearances
• The design of barriers to exclude people from a hazardous
• In safety-critical circumstances maximum acceptable
dimension to exclude people (or some part of their body)
• gaps between bars in a safety guard on a machine tool,
maximum gap size would be specified to prevent fingers
contacting the moving parts of the machine.
• Here a 1st %ile criterion (or even smaller) would probably
be set

16. Click to edit Master title style
16
4.Personal Space
• the region surrounding a person which they regard as
psychologically theirs
• depend upon the task they are doing
• The minimum space in aircraft seating modules
• the usual activities performed (reaching for belongings,
eating, working presumably with a laptop computer and
sleeping)
• will help in the design of many workplaces as well as for
seating configurations
• have psychological overtones called ‘hidden dimensions’
• this space contributes in some way to psychological well-
being

17. Click to edit Master title style
17
Territoriality
• when human being attempt to define a space as
being for their own more or less exclusive use
• offices and areas surrounding a chosen seat in a
public place
• can be temporary as well as permanent
• a ‘psychological bubble’ that surrounds us
wherever we go and influences our interactions
with other people
• personal space as a portable territory

18. Click to edit Master title style
18
• a region around the person's body, demarcated by invisible
boundaries, into which the entry of other people is strictly
controlled
• four concentric zones : intimate (up to 450 mm), personal
(450 to 1200 mm), social (1200 to 3500 mm) and public
(over 3500 mm)
• Most people value their personal space and feel discomfort,
anger, or anxiety when their personal space is encroached.
• These factors are probably all important in the layout of
both workspaces and public spaces

19. Click to edit Master title style
19
Reach: Workspace Envelope
• a 3-dimensional space within which you carry out
physical work activities when you are at a fixed
location
• or more grandly as a ‘kinetosphere’
• the area that an operator can reach from a seated
or standing position
• It is used in workspace design to determine the
placement of displays and tools to be used by the
operator
• maximum reach envelope is smaller when seated
than when standing

20. Click to edit Master title style
20
1.Zone of Convenient Reach
• zone or space in which an object may be reached
conveniently without undue exertion
• The upper limb, measured from the shoulder to the
fingertip (or to the centre of grip), sweeps out a series of
arcs centred upon the joint

21. Click to edit Master title style
21
2.The Normal Working Area
• intersection of a horizontal plane (table or
bench) with a zone of convenient reach:
maximum work area
• a smaller area within this surface by sweeping
movement of the hands around the shoulder
axis, elbow is bent at 90 degrees or less:
normal working area
• The normal working area: frequent task actions
• zone of convenient: occasional task actions

22. Click to edit Master title style
22
Dynamic data are mostly obtained through studies
with specific objectives
Often these data cannot be used outside of the
intended scope
For example, reach data collected for cockpits may
not be suitable for designing vehicle cabins or
workstations in industries
These problems can often be overcome by a
mathematical models.
conclusion

23. Click to edit Master title style
23
A New Approach to Dynamic Anthropometry for the
Ergonomic Design of a Fashionable Personalised
Garment

24. Tankyou