Keller Arcs Model

1. KELLER ARCS
MODEL

2. What is ARCS MODEL?
● John Keller is the founder of the ARCS Model of Motivation, which is based upon the idea that there
are four key elements in the learning process which can encourage and sustain learners’ motivation.
● The ARCS Model is based on Expectancy Theory
● These four elements form the acronym ARCS of the model and stand for Attention, Relevance,
Confidence and Satisfaction (ARCS).

4. ATTENTION
Keller attention can be gained two ways; Perceptual arousal-uses surprise or uncertainly to gain interest.
Uses novel surprising, incongruous and uncertain events; or Inquiry arousal- stimulates curiosity by posing
cahallenging questions or problems to be solved.
1. Incongruity and Conflict: Use contradictions, play "devil’s advocate"
2. Concreteness: Use visual representations, anecdotes and biographies
3. Variability: Change—tone of voice, movements, instructional format, media, layout & design of
instructional material, and interaction patterns
4. Humor: Use puns, humorous analogies & anecdotes, and jokes (w/moderation)
5. Inquiry: Use problem-solving activities and constructive practices
6. Participation: Use games, simulations, role-playing, etc.

5. RELEVANCE
Establish relevance in order to increase a learner’s motivation.To do this, use concrete language and
examples with which the learners are familiar. Six major strategies described by keller:
1. Experience:
i. Tell learners how new learning will use existing skills
ii. Use analogies to relate current learning to prior experience
iii. Relate to learner interests
2. Present Worth: Explicitly state the current value of instruction
3. Future Usefulness: Relate instruction to future goals (have students participate in this)
4. Need Matching: Give students the opportunity to achieve, exercising responsibility, authority,
and influence
5. Modeling: Use enthusiasm, peer-modeling, etc.
6. Choice: (student choice)

6. CONFIDENCE
Instructional designers should instill a sense of confidence in learners by helping them to believe that they
can succeed. If learners feel as though they won't be able to accomplish their goals, then this will reduce
their motivation.
1. Facilitate self growth: Encourage learners to take small steps and immediately show them their
progress in the eLearning course. This will motivate them by helping them believe in themselves,
fact that results in self growth.
2. Provide feedback: Feedback is another important determinant of learners motivation. Knowing
where they stand is crucial in order for learners to continue with the eLearning course.
3. Give learners control: By providing learners with some degree of control over the learning

7. SATISFACTION
The ARCS model presents a direct link between satisfaction and level of motivation, either intrinsic or
extrinsic. Learners should be proud and satisfied of what they have achieved throughout the eLearning
course.
1. Praise or rewards:The learning process must present learners with some kind of reward,
whether this may be a sense of accomplishment or praise from the trainer or online facilitator.
They can both increase learners levels of satisfaction from the eLearning course as they will leave
them with the sense of achievement and recognition of their efforts throughout the learning
process.
2. Immediate application:Learners should feel as though the skills or materials that they are
mastering will be useful in the future. This can be achieved by encouraging learners to apply their
newly acquired knowledge and skills in real world settings or by engaging them in real problem

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