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Ultrasonic treatment working principles
& research
The sound: a pressure cyclic
wave across the media
Emitter
Rarefaction
Molecules on the media being
compressed/uncompressed
Pressure wave
Sound is:
●
A mechanical wave.
●
A pressure oscillation through
a solid, liquid, or gas.
●
Composed of frequencies within the
range of appreciation.
Compression
Ultrasound: what does it mean?
●
Ultrasound is a cyclic sound pressure wave.
●
Its frequency greater than the upper limit
of human hearing (between 20Hz and 20,500Hz).
●
Beyond this frequency we talk about ultrasound
range (freq>20kHz).
Algae and ultrasound
●
In 1916 and 1917 Paul Langevin
and Chilowski filed two US
patents disclosing the first
ultrasonic submarine detector
using an electrostatic method
(singing condenser) for one
patent, and thin quartz crystals
for the other.
●
The amount of time taken by the
signal to travel to the enemy
submarine and echo back to the
ship on which the device was
mounted was used to calculate
the distance under water.
●
He saw that micro-biological organisms exposed to
ultrasound waves died.
●
Ultrasound in water can kill the algae growing, that is a
fact but, how this happend?
Water sonar tank experimental set
●
While developing the sonar system he observed that
the algae in the experimental set doesn’t grow and
biofilm gets reduced.
Biological activity reduced
Less algae
Less biofilm
Algae and ultrasound:
preliminary biology concepts
Cell parts:
●
Membrane: controls
the movement of
substances in and out
of cells.
●
Cell wall:  provides the
cells with structural
support and protection.
●
Gas vesicles: provides
buoyancy to these cells
by decreasing their
overall cell density.
Algae and ultrasound:
What happens with the ultrasound?
●
Liquids such as water are considered resistant to
compression, but not the gas inside the algae cell.
●
The gas inside the gas vesicle is compressible,
affecting to the gas volume depending on the pressure
experimented.
●
The sound in a media (e.g., water) is a pressure wave.
●
So, if the algae is formed by liquid substances (such as
cytoplasm), solid matter (Golgi apparatus, ribosomes,
cytoskeleton, etc.) and gas vesicles susceptible to
compression:
What happens when pressure sound waves
affects the volume of the gas vesicle but not
the surrounding organs inside the algae?
Micrograph by H.
S. Pankratz.
Magnification
x31,500
●
The gas vesicle volume varies depending on the pressure while
the cell wall, which is rigid, remains structurally stable.
●
The membrane is flexible, so any variation in the internal
structure of the cell affects this, but not the cell wall.
●
Then, the change in volume of gas vesicles may fragment the
union between the cell wall and plasma membrane.
Filamentous green algae Diatom algae
Cell wall
Gas vesicle
Gas vesicle
MembraneMembrane
When the pressure
goes up the gas
vesicle gets
expanded so the
membrane over fits
the cell wall.
When the pressure
goes up the volume
of the gas vesicle
gets reduced. That
breaks the union
between the rigid cell
wall and the
membrane.
At normal pressure
the union between
the cell wall and the
membrane remains
stable.
●
This rupture between the membrane and cell wall prevents the leakage
of nutrients into the cell getting as a final result the cell death.
●
This phenomena affects to the cell structure on the algae and bacteria
(biofilm) but the effect of ultrasound on different cell structures is
likewise not representative because of the absence of the gas vesicle.
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
Algacleaner
●
Based on this phenomena,
Toscano started to develop
their own ultrasonic device
for algae control.
●
Toscano is an electronic
manufacturer of water
control equipment. As an
expert in this area Toscano
wants to gets a remedy to
algae bloom which affects
the water pumps, irrigation
systems and other
environmental problems.
Under this circumstances.
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
research & engineering
●
Cooperation agreements with European and local
universities.
●
New DUMO Algacleaner has been developed, supported
and verified by different Physics and Biological authorities.
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
the algae problem
Adverse effects
●
Many facilities are severely
compromised (pumps, pipes, sprinklers,
etc).
●
Odours occur because of bacteria.
●
The resulting decrease in dissolved
oxygen in water increases the mortality
of fish and insects.
●
Some types of algae produce
neurotoxins, a very harmful biological
impact on the environment.
●
Health problems in swimming-pools,
contaminated cooling towers, etc.Algae bloom
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
Toscano labs
Tests shown by Toscano research and
according to the reports from the
Bioindication Group of the University
of Seville, the breaking of filaments
and the destruction of algae cells.
No ultrasound
2 min. sonication
5 min. sonication
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
Toscano labs
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
R&D success
As a final result of Toscano
R&D team, investigating the
ultrasonic science and the
biological algae and bacterial
nature, we got…
DUMO
Algacleaner
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
results of Algacleaner
●
The destruction of the cells
causes the release of
chlorophyll to the medium.
●
The analysis shows a
decrease in mg of
chlorophyll A, and in the
number of cells.
1 2 3 4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Destruction
Release of chlorophyll A
Chlorophyll A Trend
Weeks
mg Chlorophyll A / m3
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
results of Algacleaner
●
Chlorophyll A naturally
increases without the
application of US.
●
When DUMO Algacleaner is
applied to, chlorophyll A
density not only maintains
but reduces in medium
volume.1 2 3 4
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Inhibition
Release of chlorophyl A
With US Trend w/ US
Without US Trend w/o US
Weeks
mg Chlorophyl A / m3
DUMO ultrasonic devices:
Algacleaner benefits
●
Controls and prevents the
emergence and growth of algae and
biofilm.
●
Avoid chemical biocides
●
Low power consumption. Solar-
powered available.
●
Application of several ultrasonic
frequencies for different algae
species.
●
Easy installation and maintenance.
●
Safe for humans, animals and plants.
DUMO Algacleaner:
certified production
The manufacturing process of
DUMO Algacleaner is
performed under environmental
and quality standards
(ISO14001 and ISO9001).
DUMO Algacleaner: installation
DUMO Algacleaner:
specificationsAC 180 AC 60
Power AC 110-230VAC / 24VDC 110-230VAC / 24VDC
Power voltage frequency 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz
Power consumption Average: 80 W
Max.:130 W
Average: 60 W
Max.: 90 W
Operation temperature range -10º to +70º C (14º to 158º F) -10º to +70º C (14º to 158º F)
Average reach 180m 60m
Operation basis (double core) Multi-frequency (automatic) Multi-frequency (automatic)
Overvoltage protection YES YES
Operation indicator LEDs in float and control box LEDs in float and control box
Programmable timer ON / OF YES (by default) YES (by default)
Preset programs YES (by default) YES (by default)
Operation periods configuration YES (by default) YES (by default)
Control box protections YES YES
Cable protections YES YES
Sensor protections YES YES
Emission angle 168º 168º
Environmental protection IP55 (box) IP55 (box)
CE approval 61000-6-3 61000-6-3
Weight 7.3 kg 7.2 kg
A) Float
B) User manual
C) Control box
D) Transducer and cable
E) Stainless steel
anchorage
F) Fixing clamps
DUMO Algacleaner: highlights
Effectiveness against algae.
●
Our equipments emit different frequencies, harmonic among them, creating waves
of different length. This effect generates effective wavefronts against algae.
Water coupling (matching).
●
Our transducer incorporates a special elastomer that adapts the transmitter to the
water density, resulting in a more effective penetration of ultrasonic waves
(reaches longer distance and more powerful).
Power released to the medium (acoustic pressure).
●
Power is important because not only the pulses go further, but because they come
strongly enough to damage and inhibit algae growth.
●
A proof of our effectiveness is microcavitation on the precise threshold, that
pulses achieve to penetrate the water.
Electric power.
●
Mean maximal peak. Because it is a system emitter of pulses, the effective
average power is four times smaller.
DUMO Algacleaner
●
This is the system with the best balance among these parameters (Signal /
Coupling / Pressure / Power) in the market.
DUMO ultrasonic technology
More solutions for water and biosolids.
A full range of OEM product references.
Any questions?

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DUMO Algacleaner - Working principles and research

  • 1. Ultrasonic treatment working principles & research
  • 2. The sound: a pressure cyclic wave across the media Emitter Rarefaction Molecules on the media being compressed/uncompressed Pressure wave Sound is: ● A mechanical wave. ● A pressure oscillation through a solid, liquid, or gas. ● Composed of frequencies within the range of appreciation. Compression
  • 3. Ultrasound: what does it mean? ● Ultrasound is a cyclic sound pressure wave. ● Its frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing (between 20Hz and 20,500Hz). ● Beyond this frequency we talk about ultrasound range (freq>20kHz).
  • 4. Algae and ultrasound ● In 1916 and 1917 Paul Langevin and Chilowski filed two US patents disclosing the first ultrasonic submarine detector using an electrostatic method (singing condenser) for one patent, and thin quartz crystals for the other. ● The amount of time taken by the signal to travel to the enemy submarine and echo back to the ship on which the device was mounted was used to calculate the distance under water.
  • 5. ● He saw that micro-biological organisms exposed to ultrasound waves died. ● Ultrasound in water can kill the algae growing, that is a fact but, how this happend? Water sonar tank experimental set ● While developing the sonar system he observed that the algae in the experimental set doesn’t grow and biofilm gets reduced. Biological activity reduced Less algae Less biofilm
  • 6. Algae and ultrasound: preliminary biology concepts Cell parts: ● Membrane: controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. ● Cell wall:  provides the cells with structural support and protection. ● Gas vesicles: provides buoyancy to these cells by decreasing their overall cell density.
  • 7. Algae and ultrasound: What happens with the ultrasound? ● Liquids such as water are considered resistant to compression, but not the gas inside the algae cell. ● The gas inside the gas vesicle is compressible, affecting to the gas volume depending on the pressure experimented. ● The sound in a media (e.g., water) is a pressure wave. ● So, if the algae is formed by liquid substances (such as cytoplasm), solid matter (Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, cytoskeleton, etc.) and gas vesicles susceptible to compression: What happens when pressure sound waves affects the volume of the gas vesicle but not the surrounding organs inside the algae? Micrograph by H. S. Pankratz. Magnification x31,500
  • 8. ● The gas vesicle volume varies depending on the pressure while the cell wall, which is rigid, remains structurally stable. ● The membrane is flexible, so any variation in the internal structure of the cell affects this, but not the cell wall. ● Then, the change in volume of gas vesicles may fragment the union between the cell wall and plasma membrane. Filamentous green algae Diatom algae Cell wall Gas vesicle Gas vesicle MembraneMembrane
  • 9. When the pressure goes up the gas vesicle gets expanded so the membrane over fits the cell wall. When the pressure goes up the volume of the gas vesicle gets reduced. That breaks the union between the rigid cell wall and the membrane. At normal pressure the union between the cell wall and the membrane remains stable.
  • 10. ● This rupture between the membrane and cell wall prevents the leakage of nutrients into the cell getting as a final result the cell death. ● This phenomena affects to the cell structure on the algae and bacteria (biofilm) but the effect of ultrasound on different cell structures is likewise not representative because of the absence of the gas vesicle.
  • 11. DUMO ultrasonic devices: Algacleaner ● Based on this phenomena, Toscano started to develop their own ultrasonic device for algae control. ● Toscano is an electronic manufacturer of water control equipment. As an expert in this area Toscano wants to gets a remedy to algae bloom which affects the water pumps, irrigation systems and other environmental problems. Under this circumstances.
  • 12. DUMO ultrasonic devices: research & engineering ● Cooperation agreements with European and local universities. ● New DUMO Algacleaner has been developed, supported and verified by different Physics and Biological authorities.
  • 13. DUMO ultrasonic devices: the algae problem Adverse effects ● Many facilities are severely compromised (pumps, pipes, sprinklers, etc). ● Odours occur because of bacteria. ● The resulting decrease in dissolved oxygen in water increases the mortality of fish and insects. ● Some types of algae produce neurotoxins, a very harmful biological impact on the environment. ● Health problems in swimming-pools, contaminated cooling towers, etc.Algae bloom
  • 14. DUMO ultrasonic devices: Toscano labs Tests shown by Toscano research and according to the reports from the Bioindication Group of the University of Seville, the breaking of filaments and the destruction of algae cells. No ultrasound 2 min. sonication 5 min. sonication
  • 16. DUMO ultrasonic devices: R&D success As a final result of Toscano R&D team, investigating the ultrasonic science and the biological algae and bacterial nature, we got… DUMO Algacleaner
  • 17. DUMO ultrasonic devices: results of Algacleaner ● The destruction of the cells causes the release of chlorophyll to the medium. ● The analysis shows a decrease in mg of chlorophyll A, and in the number of cells. 1 2 3 4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Destruction Release of chlorophyll A Chlorophyll A Trend Weeks mg Chlorophyll A / m3
  • 18. DUMO ultrasonic devices: results of Algacleaner ● Chlorophyll A naturally increases without the application of US. ● When DUMO Algacleaner is applied to, chlorophyll A density not only maintains but reduces in medium volume.1 2 3 4 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Inhibition Release of chlorophyl A With US Trend w/ US Without US Trend w/o US Weeks mg Chlorophyl A / m3
  • 19. DUMO ultrasonic devices: Algacleaner benefits ● Controls and prevents the emergence and growth of algae and biofilm. ● Avoid chemical biocides ● Low power consumption. Solar- powered available. ● Application of several ultrasonic frequencies for different algae species. ● Easy installation and maintenance. ● Safe for humans, animals and plants.
  • 20. DUMO Algacleaner: certified production The manufacturing process of DUMO Algacleaner is performed under environmental and quality standards (ISO14001 and ISO9001).
  • 22. DUMO Algacleaner: specificationsAC 180 AC 60 Power AC 110-230VAC / 24VDC 110-230VAC / 24VDC Power voltage frequency 50 / 60 Hz 50 / 60 Hz Power consumption Average: 80 W Max.:130 W Average: 60 W Max.: 90 W Operation temperature range -10º to +70º C (14º to 158º F) -10º to +70º C (14º to 158º F) Average reach 180m 60m Operation basis (double core) Multi-frequency (automatic) Multi-frequency (automatic) Overvoltage protection YES YES Operation indicator LEDs in float and control box LEDs in float and control box Programmable timer ON / OF YES (by default) YES (by default) Preset programs YES (by default) YES (by default) Operation periods configuration YES (by default) YES (by default) Control box protections YES YES Cable protections YES YES Sensor protections YES YES Emission angle 168º 168º Environmental protection IP55 (box) IP55 (box) CE approval 61000-6-3 61000-6-3 Weight 7.3 kg 7.2 kg A) Float B) User manual C) Control box D) Transducer and cable E) Stainless steel anchorage F) Fixing clamps
  • 23. DUMO Algacleaner: highlights Effectiveness against algae. ● Our equipments emit different frequencies, harmonic among them, creating waves of different length. This effect generates effective wavefronts against algae. Water coupling (matching). ● Our transducer incorporates a special elastomer that adapts the transmitter to the water density, resulting in a more effective penetration of ultrasonic waves (reaches longer distance and more powerful). Power released to the medium (acoustic pressure). ● Power is important because not only the pulses go further, but because they come strongly enough to damage and inhibit algae growth. ● A proof of our effectiveness is microcavitation on the precise threshold, that pulses achieve to penetrate the water. Electric power. ● Mean maximal peak. Because it is a system emitter of pulses, the effective average power is four times smaller. DUMO Algacleaner ● This is the system with the best balance among these parameters (Signal / Coupling / Pressure / Power) in the market.
  • 24. DUMO ultrasonic technology More solutions for water and biosolids. A full range of OEM product references.