Drug interaction is defined as the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by the concomitant use of another drug or by the presence of some other substance.
1.Drug-drug interactions.
2.Drug-food interactions.
3.Chemical-drug interactions.
4.Drug-laboratory test interactions.
5.Drug-disease interactions.
DRUG INTERACTIONS (MECHANISMS OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS)N Anusha
A Drug interaction is an interaction between a drug and some other substance, such as another drug or a certain type of food, which leads to interaction that could manifest as an increase or decrease in the effectiveness or an adverse reaction or a totally new side effect that is not seen with either drug alone that can be severe enough to alter the clinical outcome.
Every time a drug is administered with any other prescription medicine, OTC products, herbs or even food we expose ourselves to the risk of a potentially dangerous interaction.
Drug interaction is defined as the pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by the concomitant use of another drug or by the presence of some other substance.
1.Drug-drug interactions.
2.Drug-food interactions.
3.Chemical-drug interactions.
4.Drug-laboratory test interactions.
5.Drug-disease interactions.
DRUG INTERACTIONS (MECHANISMS OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS)N Anusha
A Drug interaction is an interaction between a drug and some other substance, such as another drug or a certain type of food, which leads to interaction that could manifest as an increase or decrease in the effectiveness or an adverse reaction or a totally new side effect that is not seen with either drug alone that can be severe enough to alter the clinical outcome.
Every time a drug is administered with any other prescription medicine, OTC products, herbs or even food we expose ourselves to the risk of a potentially dangerous interaction.
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
BIO DRUG-DRUG & BIO DRUG–FOOD INTERACTION.pptxChhavi Singh
Introduction
Types of drug Interaction
Effects of drug Interaction
Factors contributing to drug interactions
Mechanism
Pharmaceutical Interactions
Pharmacokinetic Interactions
Pharmacodynamic Interaction
Consequences of drug interaction
Reducing the risk of drug interaction
Influence of Smoking and Alcohol
Bio drug – Food Interaction
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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2. DEFINITION
“Drug interaction is defined as the
pharmacological activity of one drug is altered by
the concominant use of another drug or by the
presence of some other substance.”
•The Drug whose Activity is effected by such an
Interaction is called as a “Object drug.”
• The agent which precipitates such an interaction
is refered to as the “Precipitant”.
3. Types of Drug Interactions
1. Drug-drug interactions.
2. Drug-food interactions.
3. Chemical-drug interactions.
4. Drug-laboratory test interactions.
5. Drug-disease interactions.
4. The Net Effect of a Drug
Interaction is,
•Generally quantitative i.e.increased or decreased
effect.
•Seldom qualitative i.e.rapid or slower effect.
•Precipitation of newer or increased adverse effect.
5. Drug interactions are thus-
• Mostly undesirable.
• Rarely desirable(beneficial): for eg.,enhancement of
activity of penicillins when administered with
probenecid.
6. Factors Contributing to Drug
Interactions
1. Multiple drug therapy.
2. Multiple prescribers.
3. Multiple pharmacological effects of drug.
4. Multiple diseases/predisposing illness.
5. Poor patient compliance.
6. Advancing age of patient.
7. Drug-related factors.
7. Mechanisms of drug
interactions
The three mechanisms by which an interaction
can develop are-
1. Pharmaceutical interactions.
2. pharmacokinetic interactions.
3. Pharmacodynamic interactions.
8. Pharmaceutical interactions
Also called as incompatibility. it is a
physicochemical interaction that occous when
drugs are mixed in IV Infusions causing
precipitation or inactivation of active principles .
Example:- Ampicillin ,chlorpromazine & barbituates
interact with dextran in solutions and are broken
down or from chemical compounds.
9. Pharmacokinetic Interactions
“These interactions are those in which ADME
properties of the object drug is altered by the
precipitant and hence such interactions are also
called as ADME interactions”.
The resultant effect is altered plasma
concentration of the object drug.
These are classified as:
1. Absorption interactions
2. Distribution interactions
3. Metabolism interactions
4. Excretion interactions.
10. Absorption Interactions
Are those where the absorption of the object drug
is altered. The net effect of such an interaction is:
Faster or slower drug absorption.
More, or, less complete drug absorption.
11. Distribution Interactions
Are those where the distribution pattern of the
object drug is altered ,
The major mechanism for distribution
interaction is alteration in protein-drug binding.
12. Metabolism Interactions
Are those where the metabolism of the object
drug is altered.
Mechanisms of metabolism interactions include:
1. Enzyme induction: Increased rate of
metabolism.
2. Enzyme inhibition: Decreased rate of
metabolism. It is the most significant interaction in
comparison to other interactions and can be fatal.
13. Excretion Interactions
Are these where the excretion pattern of the
object drug is altered. Major mechanisms of
excretion interactions are-
Alteration in renal blood flow
Alteration of urine pH
Competition for active secretions
Forced diuresis
14. Pharmacodynamic interactions
Are those in which the activity of the object drug
at its site of action is altered by the precipitant.
Such interactions may be direct or indirect.
These are of two types:
1.direct pharmacodynamic interactions.
2. Indirect pharmacodynamic interactions.
15. Direct Pharmacodynamic
Interactions
In which drugs having similar or opposing
pharmacological effects are used concurrently.
The three consequences of direct interactions are,
1. Antagonism.
2. Addition or summation.
3. Synergism or potentiation.
16. Antagonism
The interacting drugs have opposing actions.
Example: Acetylcholine and noradrenaline have
opposing effects on heart rate.
Addition or summation:
The interacting drugs have similar actions and the
resultant effect is the some of individual drug
responses.
Example: CNS depressants like sedatives and
hypnotics,…etc
Synergism or potentiation:
It is an enhancement of action of one drug by
another.
Example: Alcohol enhances the analgesics activity
17. Indirect pharmacodynamic
interaction
In which both the object and the precipitant drugs
have unrelated effects.but the latter in Some way
alerts the effects but latter in some way alerts the
effects of the former.
Example: salicylates decrease the ability of the
platelets to aggregate thus impairing the
Homeostasis if warfarin indused bleeding
occurs.
18. Consequences Of Drug
Interactions
The consequences of drug interactions may be:
Major: Life threatening.
Moderate: Deterioration of patients status.
Minor: Little effect.
19. Reducing The Risk Of Drug
Interactions
1. Identify the patients risk factors.
2. Take through drug history.
3. Be knowledge about the actions of the drugs
being used.
4. Consider therapeutic alternatives.
5. Avoid complex therapeutic regiments when
possible.
6. Educate the patient.
7. Monitor therapy.
20. Influence Of Smoking On Drug
Interactions
Smoking increases the activity of drug
metabolizing enzymes in the liver, With the result
that certain therapeutic agents.
Example: Diazepam, propoxyphene, theophylline,
olanzapine.
Are metabolized more rapidly, and their effect is
decreased.
21. Influence Of Alcohol On Drug
Interaction
Chronic use of alcohol beverages may increases
the rate of metabolism of drugs such as warfarin
and phenytoin, probably by increasing the activity
of hepatic enzymes.
Acute use of alcohol by non alcoholic individuals
may cause an inhibition of hepatic enzymes.
Use of alcoholic beverages with sedatives and
other depressants drugs could result in an
excessive depressant response.
22. Influence Of Food On Drug
Interaction
Food effects the rate and extent of absorption of
drugs from the GI tract.
Example: Many anti biotics should be given atleast
1hr before or 2hr after meals to achieve Optimal
absorption.
The type of food may be important with regard to
the absorption of concurrently administered
Drugs.
Example: Dietary items such as milk and other
dairy products that contain calcium may decrease
.
The absorption of tetracycline and