This document provides an introduction and overview of drones. It defines drones as unmanned aircraft controlled remotely and outlines their various uses from military to commercial applications. The document categorizes drones based on size and weight and describes different types including single-rotor, multi-rotor, fixed-wing, and hybrid designs. It also discusses drone regulations and airspace classifications in Malaysia and the process for obtaining a permit to operate drones commercially or for aerial work. Finally, it outlines the certification process for becoming a licensed drone pilot in Malaysia through vocational training programs.

1. DRONE CLUB
INTRODUCTION TO DRONE

2. CONTENTS
• Types of Drone
• Drones in Different Industries
• Future Trends of Drone
• Types of Airspaces
• Drone Laws and Regulations in Malaysia
• Becoming a Certified Drone Pilot in Malaysia

3. WHAT IS DRONE?
A drone, in technological terms, is an
unmanned aircraft. Drones known as
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or
unmanned aircraft systems (UASes).
These crafts can carry out an impressive
range of tasks, ranging from military
operations to package delivery.
Drones can be as large as an aircraft or as
small as the palm of your hand.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF DRONES
CAAM divides drones into
three categories:
Small Unmanned Aircraft
System (sUAS)
Weighs 20kg or less
Without fuel
Small Unmanned
Surveillance Aircraft
Equipped any form of
surveillance or data
acquisition
Ex: Camera, GPS
Unmanned Aircraft System More than 20kg

5. TYPES OF DRONES
1. Single-Rotor Drones
2. Multi-Rotor Drones
3. Fixed-Wing Drones
4. Fixed-Wing Hybrid Drones
5. Small Drones
6. Photography Drones
7. GPS Drones
8. Micro Drones
9. Reconnaissance Drones
10.Target and Decoy Drones
11.Combat Drones

6. TYPES OF DRONES
1. SINGLE-ROTOR DRONES
• Only a single rotor (generate
thrust more efficiently).
• One big spinning wing, plus a
small sized rotor on the tail for
direction and stability.
2. MULTI-ROTOR
DRONES
• The easiest to manufacture and the
cheapest drone option.
• There are tricopters (3 rotors),
quadcopters (4 rotors), hexacopters
(6 rotors) and octocopters (8 rotors).

7. TYPES OF DRONES
3. FIXED-WING
DRONES
• One rigid wing and is designed to
look and work like an airplane.
• Their wings provide vertical lift, only
need enough energy to keep
moving forward, making them ideal
long-range drones.
4. FIXED-WING HYBRID
DRONES
• Attempt to take the best from fixed-
wing and rotor-based designs,
making for drones that feature both.
• Still rather experimental, less
commercially.

8. COMPARISON
DRONE Single-Rotor Multi-Rotor Fixed-Wing Fixed-Wing Hybrid
PROS • Heavy payload
capacity
• VTOL and hover flight
• Long flight time
(with gas engine
power)
• Easy to control
• VTOL and hover flight
• High Stability
• Long flight time
(with gas engine
power)
• Able to fly at high
altitude
• Fast flight speed
• Long flight time
• VTOL and hover
flight
CONS • Harder to fly
• More dangerous
(heavy blade)
• Expensive
• Short flight times
• Small payload capacity
• Launch and landing
needs more spaces
• No VTOL, can’t hover
in the air
• Harder to fly
• Not perfect at
either hovering or
forward flight
• Still in
development
TYPICAL
USES
• Aerial LIDAR Laser
Scan
• Aerial Photography
and Video Aerial
Inspection
• Agriculture,
Construction
• Aerial Mapping
• Power line Inspection
• Surveillance
• Drone Delivery
VTOL= vertical take off and landing

9. COMMERCIAL DRONES
5. SMALL DRONES
• Usually cannot perform many of the
commercial functions.
• Great inexpensive intro to the world of
drones for hobbyists and children.
6. PHOTOGRAPHIC DRONES
• Specially designed to take professional
photos
• Multiple rotors for stability is necessary
for taking a good picture or video.
7. GPS DRONES
 These drones work by linking up to satellites
via a GPS.
 Able to mapping out the rest of their flight,
creating data that you can extract and use
for own purposes.

10. MILITARY DRONES
8. MICRO DRONES
 Manufactured for the British military.
 Used by the British military to look around
and the special microcameras on these
small drones can provide useful intelligence.
9. RECONNAISSANCE DRONES
• Used for surveillance work.
• Outfitted with special infrared cameras,
helping them with an accurate picture of
the area even in the night time.
10. TARGET AND DECOY DRONES
 Used for surveillance and operate as decoys.
11. COMBAT DRONES
 Providing attack capability for high-risk
missions.

11. CONSTRUCTION
 Surveying Land
 Communication and Management
 Accurate Surveillance
 Maintenance and asset inspection
MINING
 Stockpile Management
 Mine Monitoring and Operation Planning
 Hazard Identification and Mitigation
 Mining Exploration
AGRICULTURE
 Soil and Field Analysis
 Seed Planting
 Crop Spraying and Spot Spraying
 Crop Mapping and Surveying
DRONES IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES

12. MALAYSIAN INDUSTRIES ARE BEING RAPIDLY
TRANSFORMED BY DRONE TECHNOLOGY

13. WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF DRONES?
1. Highly Accurate Measurements
By providing thousands of data points for one stockpile, drone surveys are more accurate than surveying with total stations.
All surface unevenness is identified. The surveys make it possible to reduce the deviation in stockpile volume
calculations, to generate improved base files for stockpiling, and to produce more accurate financial statements and
regulatory checks.
Survey resolution
350x more data points than with traditional Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) survey.

14. 2. Faster and Easily-Repeatable Surveys at Low Cost
 Capturing data with a drone is up to 30 times faster than with traditional land-
based methods.
 Does not require the presence of a surveyor on site. You can easily collect the
data yourself and at a frequency best suited to your site for rapid data turn-
around.
 The changes between two surveys can be tracked and highlighted automatically.
Over the long term, the costs of surveying and monitoring are substantially
reduced.
Up to
30x faster data collection

15. 3. Improving Worker and Site-Safety Management
• Drones allow you to survey parts of the mine or quarry that are normally difficult
to access with traditional surveying equipment.
• This eliminates the hazards employees typically face while walking through
dangerous zones, navigating active sites or climbing onto stockpiles.
• All this without disrupting the flow of operations and movement of machinery.
100%
safe surveying operations on site

16. FUTURE TRENDS OF DRONES
1. Passenger Drone
2. New Technology/Software
3. New Hardware

17. PASSENGER DRONE
• Several companies are exploring the uses of passenger drones
as air-taxis and for air-ambulance services.
• Passenger drone developers are working to overcome many
challenges, including noise, small useful load, short flight times,
airspace regulations, and scarce data on both safety and general
operations.
1

18. Passenger Drone

19. NEW HARDWARE
1. More powerful battery
- Solar
2. Storage
- Solid stated drive (SSD)
- Save to cloud/server
3. Actual control input
-A design that closely mimics gaming console controller design
2

21. AUTOPILOT
SYSTEMS
NEW TECHNOLOGY/
SOFTWARE
3
1. Drone guiding system that relies on infra-red sensors
and receivers to allow the drone see its surroundings and
avoid everything on its own.
2. Co-pilot systems out there that are supposed to make
your drone a lot easier to fly, putting the drone’s software
more in charge than the actual pilot. ADVANCED CO-
PILOT SYSTEMS
BLIND FLIGHT

22. TYPES OF AIRSPACES
Airspace is the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a country above its territory.
The types of airspace are dictated by the complexity or density of aircraft movements, nature of the operations conducted
within the airspace, the level of safety required, and national and public interest.
Airspace
Controlled
A B C D E
Uncontrolled
G
Special use
Restricted Area Military Operation Areas
Other
Military Training Route

23. Comparison of Airspaces between Two Countries
Airspac
e
Malaysia United States
Class
A
Class
B
Class
C
Class
D
Class
E
Class
G
FL = Flight Level, MSL = Mean Sea Level
10000 feet MSL = FL 100
From FL 100 to FL 150 surrounding the
nation’s busiest airports.
From surface (0 MSL) to 10000 feet MSL
surrounding the nation’s busiest airports.
From surface to 10000 feet MSL above the
airport elevation surrounding airports that
have operational control tower.
From surface to 4000 feet MSL above the
airport elevation surrounding airports that
have operational control tower.
From surface to 2500 feet MSL above the
airport elevation surrounding airports that
have operational control tower.
-
-
From 14500 feet MSL to 18000 feet at a
lower altitude.
Airspace that has not been designated as
Class A, B, C, D or E
Airspace that has not been designated as
Class A, B, C, D or E
From 15000 feet MSL to FL 460 From 18000 feet MSL to FL 600

24. DRONE LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN MALAYSIA
1. In Malaysia, all matters relating to aircraft are managed by the Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia
(CAAM).
2. The Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia (CAAM), previously known as the Department of Civil
Aviation, is a government agency that was formed under the Ministry of Transport Malaysia in 1969.
3. You need to apply for a permit if you meet any of these conditions:
 You are using your drone for aerial work purposes such as mapping, surveying, inspection, or crop
spraying.
 Your drone weighs >20kg without fuel, in which case you must register your drone, and you must
have a Private Pilot Licence or a Commercial Pilot Licence.
 You intend to fly in restricted areas.

25. 4. Without permission from the Director General of CAAM, no drone may be flown:
• in Class A, B, C or G airspace
• within an aerodrome traffic zone
• at the height of more than 400 feet (~122 metres) above the surface of the earth
Since the airspaces mentioned above are only found near airports at low altitudes, drone
operators should not fly their drones within 5km of any airport.
5. Small unmanned surveillance aircraft, which pretty much means any drone with a
camera, have extra airspace restrictions. Without a permit, they cannot be flown:
• within 150 metres of any area which is used for residential, commercial, industrial or
recreational purposes.
• within 150 metres of any assembly in the open air of more than 1,000 persons.
• within 50 metres of any person.

26. CAAM has published its “Dronecode”:
• Don't fly near airports or airfields
• Remember to stay below 400 feet and at least 150 feet away from
buildings and people
• Observe your drone at all times
• Never fly near aircraft
• Enjoy responsibly

27. Example:
Are your batteries fully charged?
Are the propellers secured and free of defects?
Is the weather clear?
Are there strong winds?
Are there many people or birds around?
Even if you are cleared to fly your drone, it doesn’t
mean you can fly them however you want. These rules
must be followed:
• The pilot must maintain direct, unaided visual
contact with the drone at all times.
• The pilot must be satisfied that the flight can be
safely made.
• Basically, make sure that your drone is in good
condition.

28. HOW DO I APPLY FOR A PERMIT?
JUPEM
• Jabatan Ukur dan Pemetaan Malaysia
• Required for all drone activities
• The application cost is RM 50
CGSO
• Chief Government Security Office
• For flying in no-fly zones
MCMC
• Malaysia Communications and Multimedia Commission
• For foreign drone pilots
CMSS
• Chief Minister of Sabah or Sarawak
• Depending on which state
• Before you begin to apply for your permit from CAAM, you first need to get permission from
the landowner whose area you intend to fly over.
• You may also need to get the documents as listed below.

29. DRONES ≤ 20kg DRONES > 20kg AERIAL WORK
CERTIFICATE
New Application (RM) 250 1000 800
Renewal fees (RM) 250 1000 500
Expired after 3 month 3 month 1 year
1. To apply permit, go to CAAM's website and download the application form.
2. Fill out all of the details, such as your drone's specifications and pilot details, and
attach the required documents along with the form.
3. Then, submit your application to drone.atf@caam.gov.my.
• Note that your application to CAAM must be submitted at least 14 working days before
your planned flight date, otherwise your application will be rejected.

30. BECOMING A DRONE PILOT IN MALAYSIA
1. The Department of Skills Development under the Ministry of Human Resources recently
launched the Malaysia National Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS) for the piloting of
Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV).
2. With the launch of this standard, vocational and private educational institutions can now
offer Drone Piloting courses under the Technical and Vocational Education and Training
(TVET) and be awarded the SKM (Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia).
3. There are three levels, Level 1, Level 2 and Level 3 with total 2500 hours of training.
4. Upon completion of the training, candidates will be awarded an SKM certificate.
BEGINNER INTERMEDIATE ADVANCED

31. THE END