This document discusses drones (also called unmanned aerial vehicles or UAVs). It provides information on what drones are, how they are manufactured, their launch and recovery systems, operating systems that allow them to be controlled remotely, the sensors they use, and their applications. It also discusses the aerodynamic designs of drones, common airframe materials, and navigation techniques. Potential advantages and disadvantages of drone usage are presented, followed by a short conclusion.

1. ‘DRONE
’

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MAHATMA GANDHI
MISSION’S
COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERINGPROJECT : DRONE
PRESENTED BY
SONIYA GAIKWAD .
VALMIK GARJE.
AKSHAY GHANWAT.
SATISH GHATGE .

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Learning objectives:
• Learning the term drone
• Manufacturing of drone
• The uses of drone
• The drone operating system
• Launching & landing ,surveillance &
action
• General information about predator B

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• Powered, aerial vehicles
• Drone means ‘dynamic remotely operated navigation
equipment’
• Can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely
• Can be expendable or recoverable
• Aircraft without a human pilot
• Also called DRONE(Unmanned aerial vehicle)
What is a Drone?

5. manufacturing of Drone:
More advanced drone are made from
Large, old –anti-ship missile parts which had
Their war heads removed .
Jet & propeller aircraft have also been modified
Into remote controlled drones, but such
Modifications are costly
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Launch Systems
A wide variety of launch systems have been developed for DRONE applications
Pneumatic Catapult
JATO/RATO Launch
Air Launch
Runway Launch

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DRONE Recovery Techniques
Recovery schemes are determined by application and DRONE size, the trend is
toward autoland capability
Mid Air Retrieval System (MARS)
Conventional
ABIAS
Net
Parachute

8. Indian drone classification:
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12. Drone operating system:
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The launching of a target drone, used as a weapon carrier to
Attack on a required target is controlled of in commanding
Centre. It is monitored by commanding officers called
combat system officers in the operating room. These pilot
Sensor operators in the operating room send commands
to satellite. satellite will receive command and then it
further sends to aircraft .the heat detectors present in
Aircraft detects warm and heat of living bodies. After finding
And identifying, it automatically fixes and tracks the ground
targets.

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Voice Directed DRONE
Speech recognition could replace some navigation logic allowing mixed use of
DRONE’s and manned aircraft
• Neural Network computing methods
could be applied to artificial speech
recognition and drone command
language
• This will increase asset
interoperability for a force
commander or commercial air traffic
controller
• Minimizes ground control station
assets

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Damage Detection / Failure Prediction
DRONE Mission Failure rate can improve airframe monitoring and failure
prediction.
• In high threat areas, damage may
occur due to hostile action.
• With proper sensors, a DRONE
could “decide” to return to base if
damage or failures were detected
prior to catastrophic failure.
• Smart structure technologies will
detect damage, predict useful life,
continue operation at optimal flight
conditions.
• The DRONE will react by reducing
speed, flying minimum G profile or
dumping fuel and returning to base

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Missions
• GPS Pseudolite
• Air Sampling
• Strike
• Decoy
• Target
• Cargo / Logistics

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Aerodynamics
• Conventional Airfoil
• Rogallo Wing
• Laminar Flow
• SuperCritical
• Ailerons, Elevators, Rudders,
Ruddervators, Spoilers, Speed
Brakes, Flaps, Elevons
• Twin Verticals
• V - Tails
• Canards
• Non Atmospheric
• Hypersonic

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Airframe
• Metallic
– Aluminum
– Steel
– Titanium
– Magnesium
• Composite
– Fiberglass
– Graphite
• Molded
– Sheet Molded
Compound

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Sensors used in DRONE
• Cameras
– Still
– Motion
– Panoramic
• Electro-Optical
• FLIR
• IRLS
• SAR
• ISAR
• IFSAR
• Chaff
• Active EW Jammers
• COMINT
• ELINT
• ESM
• Ordnance
• Leaflets/Propaganda

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Navigation
• Dead Reckoning
• Doppler
• LORAN / Omega
• INS
• GPS/DGPS

20. ADVANTAGES
Does not contain or need pilot on a board.
Can enter environments that are dangerous to
human life.
Reduces exposure risk of the aircraft operator.
Performing visuals or thermal imaging of a region.
Measuring cell phone, radio or TV coverage over any
terrain.
Can be programmed to complete the mission.
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21. DISADVANTAGES
Immoral
Civilian casualties
Angers many peoples in foreign countries
Can be hack and given viruses
Too small for transportation of materials
Low resistance to weather
Cannot refuel in flight
If contact is lost with ground station ,the vehicle may be
lost.
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22. CONCLUSION
Unmanned aerial vehicles are an exciting field in the world
aviation, with new discoveries.
Over the next 16 years, DRONEs will become significant
component of military, civil and perhaps even commercial
aviation.
However the very dynamic nature of the field also create
significant amount of uncertainty .
The wide range of DRONE physical and performance
characteristics ,many of which will be very unlike any
current aircraft, will place additional challenges on an air
traffic managements system.
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