An almost complete description of drone to be presented at institute level.

1. INTRODUCTION
• Drones are also known as UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle .
• It is an aircraft without an onboard pilot, unlike the conventional
airplanes.
• It’s flight is either pre-defined or controlled autonomously by
computers or under the remote control of a pilot on the ground.
• Drones covers a very broad category of unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVS) that can be used for anything from military or commercial
purposes, to personal entertainment.

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• INVENTION AND TIMELINE
• TYPES OF DRONES
• DRONE ANATOMY
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• FLIGHT MODES
• ADVANCED FEATURE
• SOFTWARE DETAIL
• APPLICATION
 AGRICULTURE
 SPORTS
 MILITARY
 HUMANITY
• ADVANTAGES OF AI POWERED DRONES
• ADVANTAGES & DISADVANRAGES
• LEGALITY

3. INVENTIONOFDRONES
• Abraham Kareem is the
inventor of drone. He is
regarded as ‘the father
of UAV technology’.
• In 1973,during the Yom
Kippur war for the
Israeli Air Force he built
the first drone.

4. TIMELINE
BEFORE 21st CENTURY
1800 Austria sent unmanned, bomb-filled
balloons to attack Venice.
1916 The earliest attempt at a powered
unmanned aerial vehicle was A.M. Low’s
“Aerial Target” .
1935 After World War-I, including the first scale
RPV, developed by the film star and model
airplane enthusiast Reginald Denny .
1964 The birth of US UAVs began in when
United States Air Force officers, concerned
about losing pilots over hostile territory.
1964,
August
2&4
US Navy initiated America’s highly
classified UAVs into their first combat
missions of Vietnam war.
AFTER 21st CENTURY
2001 First predator drone was used.
2006 Minnesota National Guard Tactical
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle platoon,
Company A,634th Military Intelligence
Battalion received the AAAA award.
2008 DHS deploys some of first northern tier
UAV’s Predator.
2009 Used in Red River flooding response in.
2010 UND offers nation’s first UAV pilot
training program.
2011 First use of a drone during the arrest of
a citizen inside U.S. borders.

5. TYPESOF DRONES
• Quadcopters
The quadcopter uses 4 rotors positioned at the ends of a square on the drone
body.
• GPS Drones
These drones are linked to satellites via GPS.
• Helicopter Drones
This model uses a single rotor to stay up in the air. It resembles a remote-control
helicopter that can stay in the air for a long time.
• Delivery Drones
Delivery drones have an anchor or basket attached to their body where the
package can be affixed and transported by the drone.
• Photography Drones
These drones have a camera/video camera attached to their body and are
specially built to withstand the damage done by harsh weather to the cameras.
• Alternative-powered Drones
A class of drones exist which run on gas power, solar power.
• Endurance Drones
The best drones for flying far and long. Endurance drones can stay in the air for
three consecutive days, and can reach mid-boggling heights of 30,000ft above
sea level.

6. DRONEANATOMY
A. Propeller
Drone typically consists
of two puller and two pusher props
B. Motors
Drone use motors to turn propellers
C. Electronic Speed Controller(ESC)
Needed to control the brushless motors

7. DRONE ANATOMY
D. Flight Controller/ Autopilot
Assists manual flights along with some
autonomous function
E. Airframe
consists of the housing enclosing the electronics,
motor booms(arms), and platform
F. Battery Pack
powers the drones electronics and keeps
propellers turning (often Lipoly battery)

8. DRONE ANATOMY
G. Camera Gimbal
- the rotating platform for the camera
- allows user to angle the camera during flight
H. Landing Struts
Legs that the drone rests on when it is grounded
I. Front Indicator
operators use different methods to indicate
the front of the UAV such as
• LEDs
• reflective material
• different colored props
• and so on

9. DRONE ANATOMY
J. First-Person Video Camera
Camera that allows images to be transmitted
to the user
K. Receiver
Translates the user’s instructions for the
flight controller

10. DRONE ANATOMY

11. WORKING PRINCIPLE

12. DIFFERENT FLIGHT MODES
• Acro Mode
• Altitude Hold
• Drift Mode
• Auto Hold
• Circle Mode
• Guided Mode
• RTL Mode
• Loiter Mode

13. ADVANCED FEATURES
• Mission planning :
Mission planning is easy with Mission planner,which is a free,open-source
software compatible with APM.
• Waypoints :
A GPS module is essential for providing the autopilot with location
data that allows the autopilot to interact with the real world.
• Telemetry :
To communicate with the ground station from the air using the Mavlink
protocol.
• Gimbal :
A drone support us to 3-axis gimbals and triggering of a camera shutter
automatically.

14. SOFTWARE DETAIL
View Point is the ground based control software that displays video feeds from the
surveillance drone and allows users to control and command the TASE series gimbals. The
software is sophisticated and allows for :-
The camera to be controlled via joystick
Real-time image mosaic (picture-in-picture from camera, infrared camera, and laser range
tracker).
Geographic stamping that will automatically orient the camera to the selected object on a map.
Object tracking.
 Path tracking.
Between the software and the actual physical units, surveillance possibilities are quite
sophisticated and allow for the tracking of people and objects in a variety of different
environments.

15. APPLICATIONON AGRICULTURAL FIELD
• Mid-Season Crop Health Monitoring (aka Scouting).
• Irrigation Equipment Monitoring.
• Mid-Field Weed Identification.
• Variable-Rate Fertility.
• Cattle Herd Monitoring.

16. APPLICATIONIN SPORTS
• Drones were used in the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi for filming
skiing and snowboarding events.
• Drones allow to get videos closer to the athletes, they are more
flexible than cable-suspended camera systems.
• Team coaches can view the team’s performance on the pitch as well
as analyse the players.
• Sports advertising agencies use drones to take pictures and shoot
sports videos for using as promotional materials on their website .

17. DRONES IN THE MILITARY
• Anytime a drone can be used to protect the lives of the
military;they will be armed with live video remote
communications to ground troops, essential gear, or weapons.
• The main drone use overseas in war zones is reconnaissance of
unknown areas/buildings, enemy tracking, and force protection.
• Drones are a great tool to assist in searches for lost or injured
soldiers as well as a real-time view of various missions and
situations allowing for commanders to make better decisions in
resource allocations.

18. DRONES FOR HUMANITY
Delivery Drones
• The project intends to be an alternative to the transport done with the mini-van. It was created by
MIT graduate Star Simpson
• Pizza deliveries via drone are now being trialed in New Zealand by Domino's.
Health Care
• Drones can transport medicines and vaccines, and retrieve medical samples, into and out of remote
regions.
• Ambulance drones rapidly deliver medicines in the crucial few minutes after cardiac arrest.
Disaster Relief
• Drones can be used as relief in natural disasters like Flood, Hurricane, Earthquake etc.

19. Ways AI And Drones Are Opening
UP
A Billion $ Market
AI can map aerial data space and help people operate faster and with better
accuracy and has helped to create visual intelligence for prospective
industries.
Some Advantages of using AI powered drones:-
i) Advanced,effortless capture of real time data using drones to replace
millions of surveillance cams
ii) Scanning 3D models of engineering products to pinpoint structural defects
iii) Functioning as an excellent communications device able to receive and
convey signals even in void habitats

20. ADVANTAGES
• They provide the attack capability for high risk missions and they
originate mostly in the military applications .
• They are used in the commercial , the scientific and the recreational .
• They are able to fly into such dangerous zones where it would of high risk
for the pilot to take the craft and to gather the information .
• They can fly in air to complete the respective job in every natural
circumstances.
• They reduce man loss .
• They are very cheaper to purchase ,fuel and maintenance cost are lower
than regular airplanes .

21. DISADVANTAGE
• They help in surveillance but they can’t establish communication with
the people for far reached intelligence.
• The human mistakes in remote can cause the drones to crash.
• The computer systems can be break down causing the loss of planes
or casualties on ground.
• The drone can be taken control by the enemy in war.
• Abandoned war material can not be captured by drones.

22. LEGALITY
 Private sector (civil) operators are granted an “experimental
airworthiness certificate” to do research and development, flight
demonstrations, and training.
 Public sector (public) operators are granted a COA , usually for the
purpose of law enforcement, firefighting, border patrol, disaster relief,
military training, search and rescue, and other governmental operational
missions .
 Applicants for COAs request authorization online with operation
proposals. The FAA then evaluates these proposals to determine whether
the operation can be conducted safely
 An authorization usually requires coordination with an air traffic control
facility and may require a transponder on the UAS depending on the
airspace it will occupy. When the UAS operates outside airspace
restricted from other users, a visual observer or “chase plane” is required
to maintain visual contact with the UAS.

23. • Soumali Ganguly (Roll: 13001616040)
• Sayani Ghosh (Roll: 13001616048)
• Samyak Biswas (Roll: 13001616057)
• Souradeep Mullick (Roll: 13001616038)
• Saurabh Basak (Roll: 13001616051)
• Sayan Sarkar (Roll: 13001616049)
• Shivangi Lal (Roll: 13001616043)
• Sayantan Chattopadhyay (Roll: 13001616047)
• Siddhartha Basu (Roll: 13001616042)
• Shakya Acharya (Roll: 13001616046)
• Spandan Paul (Roll: 13001616037)

24. THANKING YOU