Dressing & Bandages.pptx

June, 2021 © Haramaya University, CHMS,
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing
Basic First Aid and Emergency Care
By:- Ame Mehadi (BSc, MSc)
DRESSINGS &
BANDAGES

Learning Objectives
Define dressing and bandaging.
Recognize the purposes of dressing and bandaging.
Recognize the general principles of bandaging.
Perform different applications of bandages.
Recognize different kinds of first aid kits and supplies.

Introduction
The method of applying bandage and dressing vary according to:
►the extent and location of injuries,
►the material at hand and
►the ability of first aider to adapt to emergency situation.
Supplies can be obtained commercially for home use, or substitutes
can be prepared from household materials – cloths, linen, etc.

Dressing
Definition
►A dressing is the immediate protective cover placed over a wound.
►Sterile dressings are those which are free from Microorganisms prior to use
and are preferable.
Purpose
►To assist in the control of bleeding
►To absorb blood and wound secretions
►To prevent additional contamination
►To relieve pain
►Control bleeding
►Reduce infection

Dressing
Types
1. Adhesive dressing – for dressing small cuts.
2. Non adhesive dressing – used to dress large size wound.
Dressing procedure ????
Rules for Applying Dressings
►Wear disposable gloves
►If possible, wash hands
►Correct size
►Place pad directly onto wound
►Avoid touching wound
►Try not to cough or sneeze

Bandages and Bandaging Principles
A bandage is a strip of woven material used to hold a wound dressing
or splint in place.
It helps to immobilize, support and protect an injured part of the body.
Purposes
►Direct pressure
►Securing dressings etc
►Reduce swelling, support limbs
►Restrict movement

Bandages
Functions of bandages
►To assist in the control of bleeding
►To absorb blood and wound secretion
►To prevent additional contamination
►To ease pain
►Reduce or reduce swelling
►Lift and transport casualty
►Secure dressing and splint in position
►To hold splint in place
►To hold dressings in place
►To immobilize and support the injured part

General Rules for Bandaging
Explain and reassure
Posture
Support
Your positioning
►Natural hollows
►Apply bandages firmly
►Exposure of digits
►Check circulation

Types of bandages
A. Roller/gauze bandages
►Come in variety of widths
►Common ones are 1-, 2-, and 3-inch
widths
►Used to hold dressings in place on
almost any part of the body.

Types of bandages cont’d…..
B. Triangular bandages
►Used to secure dressings on head/scalp or as
a sling.
►At times used as covering for large body part
such as hand, foot or shoulder.
►It can also be used as a tie for a splint, as a
constricting band or as a tourniquet.

C. Elastic bandages
►is a stretchable bandage used to create localized
pressure.
►is readily conform or mold to injured part.
►can be hazardous if applied too tightly or stretched
during application because it can cut off or constrict
circulation.
►used to provide support or stimulate circulation.
►is commonly used to treat sprains and strains
►can restrict swelling at the place of injury.

D. Many tailed bandage
►is also called bandage of Muslin – a broad,
evenly shaped bandage with both ends split
into strips of equal size and number.
►As the bandage is placed on the abdomen,
chest, or limb, the ends may be overlapped
and secured.

E. T-shaped bandage
►is used for the perineum and sometimes
the head.
F. Adhesive bandages
►serve to cover minor and superficial
wounds.
►Some are already sterilized and bring gauze
with antiseptic cream.

Application of Bandages
General Principles
►A bandage should be snug (not too loose and not too tight).
►Leave the person’s fingertips and toes exposed.
►Watch for swelling, change of color and coldness of the tips of fingers or toes
►Loosen bandages immediately if the victim complains of numbness or tingling
sensation.
►Never apply a tight circular bandaged about a person’s neck. It may cause
strangulation.

Methods of applying bandages on different locations.
A.Arm Sling
►Prepare a triangular bandage.
►Place one end of the bandage over un injured shoulder and let the other
end hang down in front of the chest parallel to the side of the body.
►Carry the point behind the elbow of the injured arm.
►Carry the second end of the bandage up over the next shoulder and tie
the two ends together at the side of the neck not over the spine.
►Make sure the ends of the fingers extend just beyond the base so that
you can observe whether or not the circulation is cut off.

Methods of applying bandages on different locations.
A. Arm Sling

Securing of a bandage
There are several ways to secure a bandage in place
►safety pin,
►applying adhesive tape,
►bandage clip,
►tucking in the end and tying.

Methods of bandaging
Circular turn
►Simply encircle the part with each layer of bandage super imposed on the
previous one.
►It is simplest of all bandage turns; however, its use is limited to covering parts
of uniform width such as the toes and head.
 Open and closed spiral bandage
►It is a continuous encircling of the area to be covered with spiral turns spaced
and closed.
►The bandage is completed by tying off.
►It is used temporary for splinting and holding a large burn dressing in place.

Figure of eight bandage for hand
and wrist
►Anchor the bandage with one or two turns
around the palm of the hand.
►Carry it diagonally across the front of the
wrist and around the wrist.
►Again carry it diagonally across the front of
the wrist and back to the palm.
►It is repeated as many times as necessary
to fix the dressing properly.
►Complete it by tying off.

Figure of eight bandage for the ankle joint
►Anchor the bandage on the instep and take
two or three additional turns around the instep
and foot.
►Carry the bandage diagonally upwards across
the front of the foot then around the ankle and
diagonally downwards.
►Occasionally use an extra turn around the
ankle and complete by tying off.

FIRST AID KITS AND SUPPLIES

First aid kit & supplies
It is important to have sterile
dressings, prepared splints, bandages
and other first aid equipment ready for
use before the accident occur.
First aid kit materials

Types of First aid kit
There are two general types of first aid kits such as
►Unit type
►Cabinet type
First aid kit materials

A. Unit - type kit
Unit-type kits have a complete assortment of first aid materials put up
in standard package of unit size or multiple of unit size and arranged
in cases containing 16, 24 and 32 units in which 16 and 24 unit kits
being the most popular.
Each unit package contains one or more individual dressings.
Each dressing is complete in it and is sealed in a sterile wrapper.
Illustration and instructions for the use of contents are on the front of
each package.

A. Unit - type kit
Contents
►Adhesive compress
►Bandage compress
►Gauze pad
►Rolled bandage
►Tourniquet
►Scissors
►Tweezers

B. Cabinet–type kits
made for a wide variety of uses and
range in size from pocket version to large industrial kits.
made to accept packages in different shapes and sizes.
Contents varies may be varied by the purchaser to suit his particular
first aid needs.
The extra space in most cabinet kits also allows additional items to be
inserted according to user’s needs.
Cabinet kits contain a large enough supply of most first aid items to
be used for more than a single treatment.
Cabinet kits carry familiar first aid items that are easily recognized in
an emergency.

Other Types of first aid kits
Based on the place of use or purpose
►Personal first aid kit
►Vehicles first aid Kit
►Small Work sites’ first aid kit
►Sports First Aid Kit

1. Personal first aid kit
help to treat scrapes, blisters, and other minor injuries:
►6 adhesive bandages
►2 sterile, 3x3-inch gauze pads
►A small roll of adhesive tape
►A 3x6 inch piece of moleskin
►A small bar of soap or small
►bottle of alcohol-based hand
►A small tube of triple
►Antibiotic ointment and sanitizing gel, Scissors
►Disposable non-latex gloves
►CPR breathing barrier
►Pencil and paper

2. Vehicles first aid Kit
A blanket
A fire extinguisher
First aid manual
Maps of the area
A shovel/spoon
A tire repair kit and pump
Flashlight, extra batteries
Bottled water & high-energy foods
Matches and a candle

3. Small Work sites’ first aid kit
Splint, Scissors, Tweezers
Latex gloves
At least one blanket
Adhesive tape
Two elastic wraps
Two triangular bandages
Wound cleaning agent
Gauze pads (4 x 4 inches)
Two large gauze (8 x 10 inches)
Box adhesive bandages (Band-Aids)
One package gauze roller bandage at least 2 inches wide
Directions to request emergency assistance
Resuscitation equipment such as resuscitation bag, airway, or pocket mask

4. Sports First Aid Kit
Youth sports team or competition should not be conducted without a
first aid kit designed to treat the most common injuries and illnesses
might be encountered.
The type of first aid that may be required varies by sport.
Because bruises, abrasions, and sprained ankles are more common
in baseball, a baseball team's first aid kit:
►Cold packs and Elastic bandages and Band-Aids

First aid kit and supplies
First aid kit should at least include:
►25 adhesive bandages of various sizes.
►5 sterile gauze pads (3 x 3 inches)
►5 sterile gauze pads (4 x 3 inches)
►Gauze roll, Eye shield or pad
►Roll of adhesive tape.
►Elastic bandage(3 to 4 inches wide)
►2 triangular bandages for wrapping injuries and
making arm slings.
►Sterile cotton balls and cotton-tipped swabs

First aid kit and supplies
Equipment and other supplies:
►2 pair latex or non-latex gloves
►Instant cold pack, Aluminum finger splint, Thermometer
►5 safety pins to easily fasten splints and bandages.
►10cc Syringe to flush out wounds.
►Syringe, medicine and spoon
►Tweezers to remove ticks, insect stingers and small splinters.
►Scissors for cutting gauze
►Ambubag, Blanket and Hand sanitizer (liquid and/or wipes).
►First aid manual
►List of emergency numbers

In general CONTENTS OF A FIRST AID kits are
The following are items that must be included in a first aid
box:
►Bandages
►Gauze
►Plasters
►Scissors
►Cotton Wool
►Pain Killers
►Note Book And Pen
►Gloves
►Surgical Blades
►Glucose
►Burn Cream
►Safety Pins
►ORS
►Soap Medicated
►Splints
►Disinfectant
►Iodine

3) First Aid equipment
emergency kits should supplied to scene site for use both on-site and off-
site emergencies.
Standard kit provides a basic standard set of equipment and drugs with the
main emphasis on the basics of resuscitations (to support ABC’s of life)
the number of boxes required determined based on:
►The type of injuries that are likely to occur
►The nature of the activities performed and
►The expected number of victims of injury
While using the F.A kit
►Stocks for the pack
►Check the contents regularly and restock after use
►Maintain all components in the standard format
►Replenish for used/missed contents

First aid kits should be
►portable and be made of material that will protect the contents from dust,
moisture & contamination
►clearly marked in the workplace,
►sufficient indication of the its location for those who are unfamiliar
►Kept well-stocked; supplies do expire, and must be replaced periodically.
 Checked regularly for that the kit is stocked, and
 Replaced for any expired items as required,
►available at every warehouse and
►Inspected regularly for proper storage & distribution

Basic first aid equipment
 Basic Airway/Ventilation Adjuncts:
►oral/nasal airway,
►bag-valve mask
 Equipment for vascular access and to
control bleeding:
►Cleansing agent,
►IV catheter,
►IV fluid and IV tubing.
►Tourniquet,
►adhesive tape,
►gauze,
►bandage,
►scalpel
 PPE:- Gloves, masks, antiseptics and
etc.
►Immobilization Devices:
♫ Spinal immobilization & Cervical
collars.
♫ Extremity immobilization devices
►Life saving drugs:
♫ Salbutamol,
♫ Adrenaline,
♫ hydrocortisone,
♫ Glucose,
♫ Tramadol &
♫ others PRN
 Other equipment such as
♫ stationery and Communication
Devices

Contents of a first aid box:
The minimum contents of a first aid box are:
1. Wound cleaner/antiseptic
(100ml)
2. Swabs for cleaning wounds
3. Cotton wool for padding (100g)
4. Sterile gauze (minimum qty 10)
5. 1 pair of forceps (for splinters)
6. 1 pair of scissors(minimum size
100mm)
7. 1 set of safety pins
8. 4 triangular bandages
9. 4 roller bandages (75mm)
10. 4 roller bandages (100mm x 5m)
11. 1 roll of elastic adhesive tape(25mm x
3m)
12. 1 Non-allergenic adhesive
strip(25mm*3m)
13. 1 Packet of adhesive dressing strips
(minimum qty 10 assorted sizes)
14. 4 First aid dressing (75mm x 100mm)
15. 4 First aid dressings (150mm x 200mm)
16. 2 Straight splints
17. 2 Pairs large and 2 pairs medium
disposable latex gloves
18. 2 CPR mouth pieces or similar devices

First aid kits should include at least the following supplies:
 Emergency telephone numbers for
EMS, your local Poison Control
Centre, and your personal doctor(s)
 Home and office phone numbers for
family members, friends, or neighbors
who can help in an emergency.
 Sterile gauze pads(dressings) in small
and large squares.
 Adhesive tape
 Roller and triangular bandages to
hold dressing sin place or make slings
 Adhesive bandages in assorted sizes
 Scissors
 Tweezers
 Safety pins
 Cold packs or instant icepacks
 Disposable non-latex gloves, such
as surgical or examination gloves
 Flashlight, with extra batteries in a
separate bag
 Antiseptic wipes or soap
 Pencil and pad
 Emergency blanket
 Eye patches
 Thermometer
 Barrier devices, such as a pocket
mask or face shield
 First aid manual

Dressing & Bandages.pptx

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Dressing & Bandages.pptx