This document defines and describes drama. Drama derives from a Greek word meaning "to do or act" and involves plot, characters, and action. It imitates human actions and experiences and can explore political and social issues. Drama is presented through acting, while narrative is told or reported. The key elements of drama are plot, setting, characters, dialogue, theme, and scenery. There are different types of drama, including tragedy which depicts a noble protagonist's mistakes leading to death; comedy which ends happily, often in marriage; and tragicomedy which combines elements of both tragedy and comedy through intertwining serious and comic plots.

1. DRAMA
Prepared by
Ratri Wahyuningtyas
136332049

2. What is drama?
 Derives
from Greek >> draein
 Meaning >> to do or to act
 Imitating human action (mimesis),
involving plot, characters, action
(Aristotle)
 Drama is any kind of acting

3. Inside Drama
 Lead
us to the discovery and reflections about
personality, circumstances, desires, anxiety, hopes
and dreams
 Sometimes contains about political and social issues
at the time

4. Drama vs Narrative
Drama
 Acting, showing,
presenting
 Addresseraddressee
 ‘I/we – you’
 Characters are
dramatized
Narrative
 Telling,
reporting,
representing
 Address
 ‘s/he, they, it’
 Characters are narrated

5. Bones of Drama

6. Elements of drama








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Plot: The events in a play.
Setting: The time and place of a literary work.
Characters: People or creatures in a play.
Dialogue: Conversation in a play.
Theme: The central thought/idea of a play.
Scenery: The various elements that are used
to create a particular visual setting for a play.
Stage direction
Symbolism
Outstanding feature

7. Tools of Drama

8. Various of Drama

9. 1. Tragedy




Tragic action, usually about tragic action of noble
people committing mistake and end up with
death after undergoing intense suffering.
All tragedies are finished with death (according
to Lord Byron)
Talks about grief, finality, associated with death
Characters: usually upper class characters, high
fame individual

10.  Action:
serious and important, doing important
matter, done by people who count on (having
important role)
 Men’s assumption of great mistake he had made,
suffers then die
 Things cohere in tragedy >> hero usually does some
deed and suffers as a consequence
 Example: Oedipus the King

11. Errors according to Aristotle
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hamartia (errors) >> makes great mistakes and
suffers much
Hybris (bullying, abuse of power)
Peripeteia (reversal) >> when the action happens
unintended
Anagnorisis (recognition, discovery) >> clearing up
something by revealing some unknown facts

12. 2. Comedy
 Dramatic
form
 Dramatized some absurdity of human
nature but not destructive of self or others
 No great disaster will occur, turns out
happily for the chief character
 Ended by marriage (according to Lord
Byron)
 It is about joy and celebration of new life
>> marriage, reunion

13.  Characters:
lowborn persons
 Action: done by unimportant laughable person,
who makes mistake that do not cause us pain
 Exposes stupid action and renewal
Shakespeare’s Midsummer Night’s Dream

14. Kinds of Dramatic Comedy
 Romantic
Comedy >> usually tells about love affair
went not as smooth as expected, but finally ends
happily.
Shakespeare’s As You Like It
 Satiric Comedy >> mocks political issues or
philosophical doctrines by making ridiculous the
violators of its standards of morals or matters.
Aristophanes’ The Alchemist

15. Kinds of Dramatic Comedy
 The
Comedy of Manners >> form of comedy that
reflects the life, ideals and manner of social class
society.
Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing
 Farce : form of Dramatic comedy which entertains
audience without any intentions or hidden agenda;
seek out fun for fun’s sake. Example: Charlie
Chaplin, Woody Allen

16. 3. Tragicomedy
 Presented
serious action through a tragic
disaster to protagonist and added
reversal condition which ends happily
 Combination of characters and plot of
tragedy and comedy
 Plays with double plots; one serious and
one comic

17.  Character:
middle and lower class
characters
 Example: Shakespeare’s Merchant of
Venice

18. THANK
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