The Elements of drama
The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can be categorized into three major areas:
Literary elements
Technical elements
Performance elements
Drama is a word of Greek origin meaning "action" and referring to a performance on the stage in which actors act out the events and characters of a story. A dramatic work is usually called a play, but if you want to specify what type of drama it is, you can call it a comedy, a. tragedy, a farce or tragicomedy or other names. As wel1 as a play, drama usually involves
o a playwright or dramatist, that is, the author of the play;
o a stage, that is, the area in a playhouse or theatre where the play is performed;
o an audience, that is, the people who go to the theatre to watch the performance.
PPISMP TSLB1124 Topic 5a Introduction to Play.pptxYee Bee Choo
This course "Literary Studies in English" (TSLB1124) is offered in the second semester of the preparatory programme for the students of Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) in the Institute of Teacher Education in Malaysia. Topic 5 introduces:
- Types of Play: comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy and melodrama
- Elements of Play: literary, technical and performance
Hadj Ounis's most notable work is his sculpture titled "Metamorphosis." This piece showcases Ounis's mastery of form and texture, as he seamlessly combines metal and wood to create a dynamic and visually striking composition. The juxtaposition of the two materials creates a sense of tension and harmony, inviting viewers to contemplate the relationship between nature and industry.
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The Elements of drama
The elements of drama, by which dramatic works can be analyzed and evaluated, can be categorized into three major areas:
Literary elements
Technical elements
Performance elements
Drama is a word of Greek origin meaning "action" and referring to a performance on the stage in which actors act out the events and characters of a story. A dramatic work is usually called a play, but if you want to specify what type of drama it is, you can call it a comedy, a. tragedy, a farce or tragicomedy or other names. As wel1 as a play, drama usually involves
o a playwright or dramatist, that is, the author of the play;
o a stage, that is, the area in a playhouse or theatre where the play is performed;
o an audience, that is, the people who go to the theatre to watch the performance.
PPISMP TSLB1124 Topic 5a Introduction to Play.pptxYee Bee Choo
This course "Literary Studies in English" (TSLB1124) is offered in the second semester of the preparatory programme for the students of Teaching English as a Second Language (TESL) in the Institute of Teacher Education in Malaysia. Topic 5 introduces:
- Types of Play: comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy and melodrama
- Elements of Play: literary, technical and performance
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Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
1. PM SHRI K.V SEVOKE ROAD
Session: 2024-25
Art Integrated Project
Theme: “SCRIPT WRITING”
Name of the student: HIRAN ADHIKARI
Class: X-B
Roll Number: 18
Sub. Teacher: Ms. Mridula Sarkar
Signature of Checker: ………………..
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank my parents and various resources like Google, books
related to the topic which has helped me in completing the project
successfully. I also want to thank my teacher who has given us this wonderful
project from which we have learnt a lot about Drama’s, plays and script
writing which has a great importance in the field of English literature. I am
thankful to all my friends who has helped me in completion of this project.
Script Writing is a very important calligraphical way to make your own story
and perform it in front of the audience. So this is a memorial project for me to
learn about script writing which would be quite helpful for me.
3. INTRODUCTION
(Drama and it’s types)
What is Drama?
Drama, both as a standalone concept and within the realm of literature, holds significant importance as
artistic expression. It is a genre that presents a narrative through the enactment of characters on a stage,
often involving dialogue, actions, and conflicts that unfold in front of an audience. In the domain of
literature, drama often refers to written works intended for performance, encompassing plays and
theatrical scripts that are designed to be enacted by actors on a stage.
What are the Components of a Drama?
1. Characters:
Characters are the heart of any dramatic work. They drive the plot, convey themes, and engage the audience
emotionally. Characters can be protagonists, antagonists, foils, or supporting roles. Each character has
distinct traits, motivations, and relationships that shape their interactions and influence the story’s
development.
2. Plot:
The plot is the sequence of events that constitute the storyline. It includes the introduction, rising action,
climax, falling action, and resolution. The plot structure creates tension and intrigue, guiding the audience
through the narrative journey.
4. INTRODUCTION
(Drama and it’s types)
3. Conflict:
Conflict is the driving force behind the drama. It can be internal (within a character’s mind) or external (between
characters or circumstances). Conflict propels the story forward and illuminates the characters’ struggles and
growth. Conflict makes a drama engaging, reflective and consuming. A drama without conflict may seldom exist.
4. Dialogue:
Dialogue is the spoken communication between characters. It reveals their personalities, intentions, emotions, and
relationships. Effective dialogue captures the essence of the characters and advances the plot.
5. Setting:
The setting establishes the time, place, and environment in which the drama unfolds. It influences the mood,
atmosphere, and context of the story.
6. Theme:
Themes are the underlying ideas or messages conveyed through the drama. They address universal truths, societal
issues, and philosophical concepts. Themes enrich the narrative and provoke thought.
7. Stage Directions:
Stage directions provide guidance for actors, directors, and designers. They describe actions, gestures, emotions,
and technical elements that enhance the performance and visualization of the drama.
8. Symbolism:
Symbolism involves the use of objects, actions, or characters to represent abstract ideas or concepts. Symbolic
elements add depth and layers of meaning to the drama.
5. INTRODUCTION
(Drama and it’s types)
What are the types of Drama?
There are several major types of drama, each with its own distinctive characteristics and purposes. Here is a list
of some of the major types, along with examples and detailed descriptions:
1. Tragedy:
Tragedy is a genre that explores the downfall of a protagonist due to tragic flaws, external circumstances, or a
combination of both. Tragedies evoke emotions such as pity and fear and often end in catastrophe or death for
the central character.
2. Comedy:
Comedy is characterised by humour, wit, and lightheartedness. It often involves misunderstandings, mistaken
identities, and humorous situations. Comedies aim to entertain and uplift the audience.
3. Tragicomedy (Dramedy):
Tragicomedy combines elements of tragedy and comedy, often blending serious themes with humorous
moments. These plays explore the complexities of life, encompassing both light and dark aspects.
4. Historical Drama:
Historical dramas are set in a specific historical period and often involve real historical figures and events. They
provide insight into the past while addressing universal themes.
6. INTRODUCTION
(Drama and it’s types)
5. Musical Drama:
Musical dramas combine theatrical performance with music, including songs and often dance routines. They
can cover a wide range of themes and emotions, utilizing music to enhance storytelling
6. Absurdist Drama:
Absurdist dramas challenge traditional narrative structures and explore the absurdity of human existence.
They often feature illogical situations, disjointed dialogue, and existential themes.
7. Political Drama:
Political dramas centre around political conflicts, ideologies, and power struggles. They can focus on
individuals, groups, or entire societies dealing with political issues.
8. Melodrama:
Melodramas emphasize heightened emotions and moral contrasts. They often feature clearly defined heroes
and villains, and their plots revolve around intense emotional situations.
7. PLOT OF THE PLAY
The plot of a play consists of an exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and
resolution. A plot must include the conflict, but the structure does not have the cast of
characters. Diction, or dialogue, provides the most detail of the characters to an audience.
In this the plot of the play is based on a school between the teacher who is a playwright
and the teachers about stage play.
In this ten-minute play, a group of aspiring playwrights has gathered for a class on very
serious play writing. But the teacher has other ideas.
8. THEME OF THE PLAY
(DECOMPOSITION)
In this ten-minute play, a group of aspiring playwrights
has gathered for a class on very serious play
writing. But the teacher has other ideas.
This is a play full of Tragedy.
A tragedy is a narrative that shows the downfall of a
protagonist and does not have a happy ending.
Tragedies used to focus on royalty or great heroes, but
today can focus on ordinary people.
9. CHARACTERS
Characters of the play (Decomposition):
Perry Pippin (Teacher): The teacher of a playwriting class. A dissolute former
success. He had one successful musical ten years earlier; he has this gig
teaching playwriting at a local community center after the original
(serious) playwright had to drop out at the last minute.
Helen (Student 1): A mousy accountant who is writing an earnest play about an
accounting scandal.
John (Student 2) Young husband whose marriage is falling apart. His play is a
tortured love story.
Christine (Student 3): Professor of Anthropology/History who has decided to turn some
of her research into a play about a woman who is studying apes in the
African jungle.
Anastasia (Student 4):She is the Teacher’s fan. She has joined the class mostly to give
him enthusiastic support.
10. SCRIPT OF THE PLAY
Synopsis
A diverse group of aspiring playwrights has gathered at the local community
center for a class by the local theater auteur. When the teacher is replaced at the last
minute by Perry Pippin – a dissolute character with one successful musical in his past, the
class takes an unexpected turn. (Please note: there is no actual music in this piece,
although Perry does chant his way through a few lyrics.)
SETTING: Classroom or conference room at a suburban community center.
AT RISE: Four chairs are in a diagonal line. Christine and John are already seated.
Anastasia enters.
ANASTASIA: Is this the class for writing musicals?
CHRISTINE: What? No – this is the playwriting seminar.
ANASTASIA: That’s it.
CHRISTINE: Oh, I’m sorry, I thought you said musicals.
11. SCRIPT OF THE PLAY
ANASTASIA: Didn’t you get the email? (At this moment, the teacher, Perry, arrives, followed
immediately by Helen. Perry conducts the class standing –
he is very animated.)
PERRY: Hello, class. By way of introduction, I’d like to go around the room. Each of you should
introduce yourselves and give a short synopsis of the piece you are writing.
(He nods to Helen, who is still getting settled.)
HELEN: Me? Oh, okay. Well, I’m Helen. I’m an accountant. I took a course on accounting
ethics last year, and one of the case studies was just fascinating, I thought it would make
a great play. It’s about the use of stock options in CEO compensation.
(Perry nods to Christine next.)
CHRISTINE: I am Christine. I am a Professor of History at the University, where I specialize in the
History of Anthropology. My play is a one-woman show about an anthropologist who is
in her eighteenth month observing apes in the African jungle without any human contact.
It takes place entirely inside her tent, and mostly inside her head.
PERRY: OKAY. (He turns to John.)
JOHN: (Very intense and tortured.)
I’m John. My play explores love. Can love last? How does love give life meaning?
Fundamentally, what is love?