Drama can refer to both a written text or the performance of a play. Theater is the live performance aspect involving actors, directors, and technicians bringing a drama to life on stage for an audience. Comedies typically have happy endings and focus on more ordinary characters overcoming improbable obstacles, while tragedies depict a character's demise resulting from a fatal flaw or misjudgment. Elements like characters, situations, dialogue, and music are used differently in comedies versus tragedies to elicit different emotional responses from audiences.

1. Dramatic Theory of
Entertainment

2. Dramatic Theory
• Dramatic theory is a term used for works that
attempt to form theories about theatre and drama.
• Drama is the printed text of a play while
the Theater is the actual production of the play.

3. Drama
• Drama is a word that comes from Greek Dran, which
means to do or perform.
• It literally means action.
• The act or process of performing a play in front of an
audience is dramatization.
• Drama can be in the form of a text, prose or a verse
composition delineating a story full of human
emotions and conflicts.

4. Drama
• Drama is given life by performers on stage.
• Drama can be an episode of life such as love story of
shakuntala.
• Drama has many forms and must be construed as a
generic term taking on many forms, one of which is
theater.

5. Theater
• Theater is the personification of a drama on stage.
• Theater is a collective effort of many people,
dramatist or a playwright, a director, actors, and
technicians to make audience believe that whatever
is happening on stage is real.
• Audience and stage are necessary for theater.

6. Theater
• Theater is physical while drama can be
abstract and subjective.
• Theatre refers to the actual production of
the play on the stage.
• Theater is a particular setting of stage and
audience.
• The term ‘theater is derived from the Greek
term theasthai (to behold).

7. Drama - Theater
• Drama is the script of a
play.
• There is direct
interaction between the
reader and dramatist.
• Interpretation of the
play depends on the
reader.
• Drama is an abstract
entity.
• Theater is the onstage
production of a play.
• There is no direct
interaction between
audience and the
dramatist.
• Interpretation of the play
depends on the artists.
• Theater is a physical
entity.

8. Tragedy And Comedy
• Tragedy and comedy have evolved over time
and offer and interesting way of looking at how
time, place and ideas are reflected in drama,
and in life.

9. Comedy
• A happy ending, and a
typical theme of
someone rising to a
fortune.
Tragedy
• Depicts a downfall, or
there is a fatal
misjudgment that leads
to a fall.

10. Comedy
• Comedy is a play that treats characters and situations in
a humorous way and has a happy ending.
• Involves characters and situation that audiences can
easily identify with.
• Not all comedies make you laugh out loud, but they do
amuse, delight, or please you.
• Usually all the characters come together at the end.

11. Characteristics of a Comedy
1. Predictably unpredictable – you can expect the unlikely
2. Often time and place oriented
3. Intellectual, mental
4. central character, achieves goals
5. character often becomes leader of a new society; even villain
is usually accepted
6. hero is less than average
7. Protagonist achieves success, often as a result of own
mistakes or shortcomings

12. Building Blocks of Comedy
Character
• Comedies contain a
Comic character.
• The comic leading
role:
– Rises in fortune
– Grows as a
person
– Tested
throughout story
– Regular person
Situations
• Predicaments
that look
impossible or
improbable
• Mistaken
identities, rash
promises,
• a series of
events in which
everything goes
wrong
Dialogue
o What is spoken
between
characters
o Witty
comebacks and
sarcasm tell a
lot about
characters
o All is known
through
dialogue

13. Tragedy
Tragedy – sober, thoughtful plays that are based on
human emotions and conflicts that do not change with
time or place.
Tragedies end in catastrophe – often the death of the
tragic hero.
The focus of the tragedy is on the Tragic
character/protagonist.

14. Tragedy Characteristics
1. Universal theme and appeal
2. Emotional
3. Protagonist fails to achieve goals
4. Protagonist is alienated from society
5. Protagonist is an average or better person
6. Protagonist falls from high (leadership, respect, dreams,
position)

15. Tragicomedy
• Tragicomedy is a literary
genre that blends aspects
of
both tragic and comic for
ms.
• In dramatic literature, the
term can variously
describe either a tragic
play which contains
enough comic elements
to lighten the overall
mood or a serious play
with a happy ending.
•

16. Characteristics of a Tragic Character
1. Tragic flaw - tragic hero “falls” due to a flaw in personality
2. Free Choice – Hero fate do to a choice they made
3.. Increased awareness – hero understand why this has
happened before “fall”
4. Fall from high – hero must be of high or noble status in
society.
5. Punishment exceeds the crime – hero’s punishment seems to
much for what was done. Audience should not feel like hero
deserved the extreme punishment

17. Melodrama
• A melodrama is a dramatic or literary work in which
the plot, which is typically sensational and designed
to appeal strongly to the emotions, takes precedence
over detailed characterization.
• Characters are often simply drawn, and may
appear stereotyped.
• Melodramas are Victorian dramas in which orchestral
music or song was used to accompany the action.