1. The document presents a draft thesis proposal on the challenges of implementing e-government in Korea and lessons for Bangladesh. 2. It discusses Korea's experience with e-government and reviews literature on common challenges faced by countries implementing e-government projects. 3. The proposed research questions examine the specific challenges Korea faced, how they were addressed, and lessons Bangladesh can apply from Korea's experience.

1. Presentation of Draft Thesis
Proposal
“Challenges in Implementing e-
Government in Korea:
Lessons for Bangladesh”
AKM Moniruzzaman
4 December 2012 1

2. Background
1. Korean e-government Miracle
2. The Bigger Picture (E-Governance is Good
Governance)
3. My Little Experience on E-
government
4. Most of the E-government Projects have
failed
5. Digital Bangladesh & Why Bangladesh
Should Learn from Korea?
2

3. Research Question
1. What are the challenges faced by Korea in
implementing e-government?
2. How did the government overcome the
challenges?
3. What are the lessons Bangladesh can learn
from Korea?
3

4. Review of the Literature
1. E-government faces several Challenges
(Heeks, 1999; GAO 2001a).
2. “A shortage of IT Skills and Financial resources are two
main barriers to e-government”
(Chen and Perry 2003).
3. “Some scholars anticipated resistance and failure in e-
government (West 2004).
4. ‘Re-engineering of the internal structures and
processes of the administration’ (UN 2008).
4

5. Summary & Review of the Literature …cont…
5. “Many diverse assessments, solution and
processes of e-government are propagated by
different scholars” (Mishra and Mishra 2011).
6. “Some scholars reported that e-government can
create significant benefits for citizens, businesses,
and governments around the world” (Jaeger and
Thompson 2003, Dawes 2008).
7. “The biggest challenge of introducing IT in
government is how the government deals with
lower-level bureaucrats” (Im 2011).
5

6. Summary & Review of the Literature …cont…
8. “Exploitation of IT in government can be very expensive and
before its application its impacts need to be explored”
(Goldfinch 2007; Jho 2005)
9. “Civil societies in Korea have also showed their worries over
technological innovation in government” (Jho 2005).
10. “The history of the relationship between technology and
administration is to be understood along with the integration
of IT with the core activities of government (Yildiz 2007)
10. “Novel experiments on electronic-government have been
conducted by the Korean government and Korea has
established itself as a good model of technology innovation”
(Lee 2003, Ahn and Bretschneider 2011).
6

7. Summary
• “ E-government challenges are:
(1) Sustaining committed executive leadership,
(2) Building effective E-government business cases,
(3) Maintaining a citizen focus,
(4) Protecting personal privacy,
(5) implementing appropriate security controls,
(6) maintaining electronic records,
(7) maintaining a robust technical infrastructure,
(8) addressing IT human capital concerns, and
(9) ensuring uniform service to the people”
(U.S. General Accountability Office 2003)
7

8. Summary of the Challenges
1. (Organizational Challenge)
A Paradigm Shift
2. (Challenge of Equity)
Slower Informatizaton than the private sector
3. (Challenge of thinking Innovatively)
Lack of information sharing and interoperability
4. (HRD Challenges)
Officials have been slow to adapt
8

9. Summary of the Challenges…cont…
5. Adaptability Challenges
Structural, managerial and leadership.
6. (Cultural Challenges)
Hesitant to Open Administration to general Public
7. (Take off Challenges)
Lack of E-readiness/transition challenges
8. (Security Challenges)
Cyber Security
9

10. Lessons for Bangladesh
Korean government is highly criticized as rigid, burdened
with rules, regulations, and procrastination (Im 2011)
Corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency, lack of competence
and competitiveness of the public officials are the
major challenges for implementation of e-
government (Bhuiyan 2011)
1. Bangladesh adopted a Model called “Incremental
Model of Technology Diffusion”
2. Whether it is worthy to learn e-government lessons
from a developed country by a developing country?
10

11. Methodology
• Secondary Sources
• Interviews with Open ended questions
(written notes or a tape recorder)
(Purposeful sampling of the Interviewee )
• Official Documents Analysis
11

12. Technology Adoption Models
12

13. Models
1. Technology Diffusion Model
Challen Challenges
ges Communication
Information
Strategy
Strategy
Challenges Strategies
Challenges
Transformation Transaction
Strategy
13

14. Hypothesis
This is an explorative research, no
hypothesis is drawn rather the paper
will attempt to develop a theory
/theories
14

15. Potential Sources of Information
• Journals (Journal Articles)
• United Nations publications, Survey, Index on e-
government
• World Bank/IMF publications and Survey
• Government Websites of Korea
• Government websites of Bangladesh (A2I
National Project)
• Books
• Official records
15

16. Visiting Key Personnel of the Ministry
• Ministry of Information and Communication (MIC)
• Ministry of Government Administration and Home
Affairs (MOGAHA)
• Ministry of Planning and Budget (MPB)
• Informatizaton Promotion Committee (Responsible
for sketching out the e-government implementation
plan)
• Ministry of Government Administration and Home
Affairs (MOGAHA)
16

17. Method of Analysis
• It is an exploratory research.
• Paper shall follow descriptive and qualitative
method of analysis.
17

18. Problems and Limitations
1. Interviewing the high profile personnel
would be a challenge (Who to Interview)
2. Determining the Core Strategy (As other
countries tried but failed)
3. It may be difficult to draw lessons for
Bangladesh (Too much dissimilarities)
18

19. Possible Pitfalls
What is Important?
Technology/Process/Man
Process 30%
Technology 30%
Man 40%
19

20. References
• Ahn, Michael J., and Stuart Bretschneider. 2011.“Politics of E-Government: E-
Government and the Political Control of Bureaucracy” Public Administration
Review 71(3): 414-424.
• Bhuiyan, Shahjahan H. 2011.“Modernizing Bangladesh public administration
through e- governance: Benefits and challenges.” Government Information
Quarterly 28 (1): 54-65.
• Dawes, Sharon S. 2008.“The Evolution and Continuing Challenges of E-
Governance.” Public Administration Review 68 (S): 86-102.
• Im, Tobin. 2011.“Information Technology and Organizational Morphology: The Case
of the Korean Central Government.” Public administration Review 71 (3) : 435-
443.
• Jaeger, Paul T., and Kim M. 2003.“E-government around the world: Lessons,
challenges, and future directions Thompson.” Government Information Quarterly
20 (4): 389–394.
• Jho, Whasun. 2005.“Challenges for e-governance: protests from civil society on the
protection of privacy in e-government in Korea.” International Review of
Administrative Sciences 71(1):151–166.
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21. References
• Jho, Whasun, and Kyong-jae Song. 2007.“Governance in the
Information Age: A Comparative Analysis of e-
Governance in Major Asian Countries.” Korea Observer; 38
(1): 127-161.
• Kim, Hyun Jeong, Gary Pan, and Shan Ling Pan.
2007.“Managing IT-enabled transformation in the
public sector: A case study on e-government in South
Korea.” Government Information Quarterly 24 (2): 338–352.
• Park, Chun-Oh, and Jaehyun Joo. 2010.“Control Over the
Korean Bureaucracy: A Review of the NPM Civil Service
Reforms Under the Roh Moo-Hyun Government.” Review of
Public Personnel Administration 30 (2): 189-210.
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22. References
• Seongcheol, Kim, Hyun Jeong Kim, and Heejin Lee. 2009.“An institutional
analysis of an e- government system for anti-corruption: The case of
OPEN.” Government Information Quarterly 26 (1): 42–50.
• Yildiz, Mete. 2007. “E-government research: Reviewing the literature,
limitations, and ways forward.” Government Information Quarterly 24
(3): 646–665.
• Moon, Sinyong. 2009. Managing IT and e-Government: the Korean Case,
Seoul: Chongmok Publishing Co.
• United Nations (2008). e-Government Survey 2008: From e-Government
to Connected Governance. New York, NY: United Nations.
• OECD. 2001. The Hidden Threats to E-government. OECD PUMA Policy
Brief No.8.
• Song, Heejun. 2004. Building E-governance through Reform. Seoul: Ewha
Womans University Press.
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