The document discusses family planning in the Philippines, including trends in contraceptive use from 1968-2008 based on National Demographic and Health Survey data. It notes that 50.7% of married women used family planning in 2008, with modern method use declining from 2003-2008. There are high levels of unmet need, particularly among the poorest women and adolescents. Inadequate family planning is estimated to have caused 54% of pregnancies in 2008 to be unintended, resulting in over 1 million unintended births/miscarriages. Barriers to family planning discussed include lack of government supplies, concerns about side effects, the contraception ban, and opposition from Catholic groups.

1. Family Planning in the Philippines: Levels, Implications, Issues Junice L. Demeterio-Melgar, MD Training of Medical Educators on Family Planning Silliman University,May 2010

2. 50.7% married women used FP in 2008 34.0% Mod 16.7% Tradl Use of Contraception Among Currently Married Women Age 15-49, NDHS 2008 Fig. 5.1

3. Trends in Contraceptive Use 1968-2008, NDHS 2008 Fig. 5.2 Modern Methods use tapered 2003-2008

4. 22.3%: unmet need for FP in 2008 Need and Demand for FP Among Currently Married Women, NDHS 2008 Table 7.4

5. Poorest women with highest Unmet Need 28% compared with Richest Women Unmet Need for FP Across wealth Quintiles, NDHS 2008 Table 7.4

6. Widest gap in method use between poorest & richest women with Fem Sterilization % distribution of currently married women by contraceptive method used, NDHS 2008 Table 5.5

7. Adolescent Women with highest Unmet Need 36% compared with Oldest Women Unmet Need for FP Across wealth Quintiles, NDHS 2008 Table 7.4

8. Age-specific fertility declining, except in 15-19 y.o. Table 4.3, NDHS 2008

9. Phil. FP Use vs. select SEA & Cent. Am 2005-08 81.1 61.4 79.0 40 51 72.7 70.9 65.2 72.5

10. Using no FP or trad’l method carries high risk of unintended pregnancy Women at risk All women Fecund Sexually active Not intending to be pregnant (Guttmacher Institute, Investing in Women’s Contraceptive Use in the Philippines , 2009)

11. Inadequate FP caused 54% of all pregnancies to be unintended in 2008 (Guttmacher Institute, Investing in Women’s Contraceptive Use in the Philippines , 2009) Unintended Pregnancies Intended Pregnancies 54% 46% (Guttmacher Institute, Investing in Women’s Contraception in the Philippines , 2009) Miscarriage Intended births Mistimed births Unwanted births Induced abortions Miscarriage

12. Estimated impact of 3.4 M unintended pregnancy in 2008 1.3M unintended births/miscarrige 185T Maternal complications (*15% of pregnancies) 3.6T deaths Almost 600 T abortions 90T post-abortion complications Close to 1T abortion-related deaths (Guttmacher Institute, Investing in Women’s Contraception Use in the Philippines , 2009) *WHO (estimate of proportion of pregnancies encountering life-threatening obstetric complications), World Health Report 2005

13. Postulated decrease in pregnancy & abortion: using current FP method mix & using only modern methods (Millions of pregnancies) (Guttmacher Institute, Investing in Women’s Contraception in the Philippines , 2009) 3.4 2.3 1.8

14. (Thousands of maternal deaths) Postulated decrease in maternal death: using current FP method mix & using only modern methods (Guttmacher Institute, Investing in Women’s Contraception in the Philippines , 2009)

15. Barriers to FP No government supplies Concerns about effects/side-effects Contraception ban Weak FP policies Catholic groups’ opposition Misconceptions about fertility http://www.accelerated-personal-development.com/barriers-to-personal-growth.html

16. USAID “phasedown” (2003-2008) USAID provided 80% of contraceptive supplies amounting to $3 million yearly March 2003: last shipment of condoms 2004-2007 : pills 2005-2008 : injectables later : IUD PopCom, CSR+ Initiatives, [email_address]

17. Pendulum FP Policies Marcos FP targets Aquino Limited FP Ramos PRE & RH- Estrada RH & CSR GMA NFP mainly http://jonmell.co.uk/enterprise-20-pendulum/

18. RH Program 1998-2000 FP MCH & Nutrition Prevention and Management of Abortion Prevention & Treatment of RTIs, inc. STDs, Hiv & AIDS Education & Counseling on Sexuality & Sexual Health Breast & Repro Tract Cancers & other Gyne conditions Men’s RH Adolescent RH Violence Against Women Prevention & Treatment of Infertility and Sexual Disorders DOH Admin Order 1-A, s 1998

19. PopCom’s NFP & Resp. Parenthood Prog 10-10-2006: PGMA issued order promoting NFP, 3-yr spacing & breastfeeding as part of hunger mitigation program PhP5M to LGUs for advocacy and training Couples trained in 6 NFP methods LAM, BOM, Mercedes Wilson, 2-day method, BBT, sympto-thermal, Standard Days & Barangay RP Teams formed As of 4-25-2010: 508,245 couples reached in 82 provinces Total NFP continuing users: 4,763 NFP users reported by RHO.CHO: 0 *Estimated cost per couple: PhP283. * (Gutmacher, 209 News realeases citing PopCom in Freeman/Philstar.com, PopCom NFP report 2010

20. What the bishops say The Christian ideal of human sexuality and responsible parenthood is a sacred sharing in the creative power of God that requires the fusion of parental love and a sincere gift of self in transmitting and nurturing life. Responsible parenthood means respect for one’s generative functions....Responsible parenthood makes parents “free and responsible collaborators of God, the Creator. Population growth is not the cause of poverty…Population control is like saying that in order to eliminate poverty, we must reduce human resources Conception takes place at fertilization. Prevention of implantation of fertilized ovum is abortion. Pills, injectables, implant and IUD are abortifacient. Contraceptives are intrinsically evil. Sterilization and vasectomy are immoral.

21. Families driven to extreme poverty Harm & risks to women’s health Strain in intimate relationships Erasure of FP Harrassment of providers Ethical Conflict in providers Tolerance of injustice CRR, ReproCen, Likhaan: Imposing Misery,2007 Republic of the Philippines OFFICE OF THE MAYOR Manila, Philippines Executive Order No. 003 Series of 2000 Declaring Total Commitment and Support to the Responsible Parenthood Movement in the City of Manila and Enunciating Policy Declarations in Pursuit Thereof WHEREAS, the City of Manila recognizes its vital role as catalyst for change in the attainment of its goal and policies; WHEREAS, the City believes that the family, being the basic unit of society, has an important role in the comprehensive development of its citizenry; WHEREAS, the City firmly believes in the sanctity of life and supports the Constitution in the protection of life of the mother and the unborn; WHEREAS, the City is aware of its duty in molding the children to become effective citizens; WHEREAS, the City takes an affirmative stand on pro-life issues and responsible parenthood; WHEREAS, the City condemns criminal abortion, euthanasia, divorce and same sex intermarriages as amoral and deplorable practices that weaken the basic unit of family and society; WHEREAS, the City promotes responsible parenthood and upholds natural family planning not just as a method but as a way of self-awareness in promoting the culture of life while discouraging the use of artificial methods of contraception like condoms, pills, intrauterine devices, surgical sterilization, and other; NOW, THEREFORE, I, JOSE L. ATIENZA, JR., Mayor of the City of Manila, by virtue of the power vested upon by law, do hereby declare total commitment and support to the Responsible Parenthood Movement in the City of Manila and in pursuit thereof, enunciate the following policy declarations: 1. That all health and social services shall promote responsible parenthood by providing the youth with adequate modes of support to develop as model parents in their own time; 2. That the City shall advocate active citizen participation in implementing policies and programs in collaboration with various non-government, religious and other civic organizations; 3. That the City shall establish programs and activities in City Health Department and its health centers, Ospital ng Maynila Medical Center, Gat Andres Bonifacio Memorial Medical Center, Ospital ng Tondo, Ospital ng Sampaloc as well as the Department of Social Welfare which promote and offer as integral part of their functions counseling facilities for natural family planning and responsible parenthood; 4. That the various activities geared on moral rejuvenation shall be encouraged to equip its people against amoral influences brought about by the excesses of modernization; 5. That City and its citizenry shall acknowledge that this noble endeavor requires great conviction, unceasing advocacy, unflagging patience, perseverance and persistence. Let the herein-enunciated policy declarations form as integral part of the policies and programs of the present City Administration in the delivery of basic health and welfare services to Manileños in the interest of public service and welfare. Done this 29th day of February 2000 in the City of Manila, Philippines. JOSE L. ATIENZA, JR. CITY MAYOR Atienza’s EO 003 and its Impact on Women

22. Top reasons why women do not intend to use FP (%) Health concerns 20.9 Want to have as many children 15.5 Fear of side effects 13.9 Infrequent/or no sex 9.8 Infecund 9.8 Opposition to use, lack of knowledge of method or source, lack of access/too far - uncommon NDHS 2008 Table 5.15: Reason for not intending to use contraception in the future

23. Women’s misconceptions about fertility Infrequent sex is safe Some women are prone to pregnancy, some are not If you don’t enjoy sex, you will not get pregnant Standing up, jumping up and down and douching with water after sex can prevent pregnancy Uterine manuver (hilot) can prevent pregnancy If one’s children are grown, one does nor get pregnant. If one’s period is breastfeeding, one will not get pregnant. If one has irregular period, one will not get pregnant Likhaan, Identifying barriers to accessting safe motherhood services, unpub, 2009

24. FP in RH Bills in 14 th Congress GAA Appropriation: GAA Provider, public official, employer, any who disnforms Prohibited acts: same except does not include disinformation PopCom Implementor: DoH - same Employers’ responsibilities - Same different wording Mandatory age approp education ---- Procurement & distrib of FP supplies -same Contraceptives as essential meds - same Surgical FP Responsible parenthood, population management FP as a right, for health and dev HB 5403 SB 3122