In the master thesis ‘A Project for Valencia’ I observed the strategic spatial planning changes and a vast development of Valencian large urban projects in the last 20 years. Subsequently I estimated the effects of such processes in the current times of economy recession and real estate development stagnation and from my findings and observations I identified two main problems, which I have researched in my thesis: - Unequal distribution of public gains from the large urban projects in Valencia. - Emerging spatial problems of social vulnerability. In order to cope with the mentioned main problems, I developed a strategy which reveals the possibilities of stimulating the stagnant real estate development and proposes intervention projects in order to capture the synergy of the existing and future large urban projects. In addition, these interventions improve the spatial conditions of socially vulnerable areas and directly benefit the locals and their living quality. Two key intervention projects were studied in more detail and a design proposal for them was proposed. This made it possible to open up a discussion of the actual development possibilities even in the times of the economic scarcity and real estate market stagnation. Participation and cooperation of the local public authorities, third party investors and local inhabitants was engaged towards the processes of urban growth.

1. TU Delft, MSc Urbanism - Final Graduation Presentation - June 2012
Domantas Stukas
A Project for Valencia
Strategy for revitalizing socially vulnerable areas,
capturing the benefits of large urban projects
domantas.stukas@yahoo.com

2. WHAT AM I DOING?
... proposing A strategy to improve socially vulnerable areas, by capturing the economic vitality of LUPs
0 1km
1. Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia 2. Sports venue - Veles e Vents 3. Formula 1 Grand Prix of Europe in Valencia

3. Why AM I DOING this?
Francisco Camps /
Santiago Calatrava /
Ex-president of the
The Architect Regional Government
4. Opening of the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia
Last 20 year strategy focused on promoting Large urban projects aimed at tourism, construction indsutry and the wealthy
Juanito / A Local Bloke
5. Street view of the Cabanyal neighbourhood

4. What are the Outputs?
Strategy Key Interventions Design proposal
0 1km
0 1km
N
MI
10

5. Problem Statement
Increasing fragmentation and BIg amount of public money Lack of benefit distribution
social vulnerability spent on urban projects mostly from large urban projects to
favouring the wealthy and local neighbourhoods
construction companies
6. Railway separated neighbourhoods

6. Main Research questions
- What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to improve the
condition of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia?
- What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to capture the
benefits of LUPs for local communities?
7. The only pedestrian bridge linking two neighbourhoods

7. Problem Problem Statement & Research Questions
Statement
You Are
Here
Site Description, Valencia’s Spatial & Strategic
Context Planning, Theoretical Framework
Project Area Choice, LUPs, Spatial and Socio-economic
Project Area Analysis, Municipal Plan Aalysis
Strategy Strategy, Key Projects, Design Proposal, Conclusion

8. Context

9. VALENCIA
Oldtown
Main Rods
Railway
Former River Bed
New River Bed
Municipality Population
810 000 Barcelona 4h
Zaragoza
4,5h Italy
Madrid Madrid 660 pax/year
Municipality Area: 4h 1,5h Barcelona 4h
134.65km²
Balearic islands
Density Malaga 6h Alicante 2h Alicante 248 000 pax/year
2h
6 010/km²

11. Agriculture
Period
Silk Rice Citrus
Industrial
period
Ceramics Furniture Metal
Service economy
period
8. Transition in Valencian economy
Logistics Construction Service & Tourism

12. Recent Economic Chalanges
9. Media headlines about
socio-economic difficulties
Highest unemployment in
Eurozone
Government Bankruptcy
50% Youth Unemployment
Valencia - The Greece of
Spain
Economic recession is escalating the problems of social vulnerability, unemployment & development stagnation
Student Protests
Highest debt in Spain
Corruption

13. Spatial Planning National Government defines land use types:
Urban; Developable; Not Developable
Local Government Delimits: - Land Use type - Spatial configuration, function
Land use type
Function
10. Land use plan 2010 11. General Plan of Valencia 2010
Valencia’s planning act: Additional planning -PLAN Parcial for developable areas
Allows 3rd party to develop documents: -Programa de actuacion integrada for URBAN Areas
land without owning it -Plan Especial for urban & not developable areas

14. Turia Garden 1988
City’s green backbone
1 Strategic Planning
Local citizen oriented
Sports & leisure activities
Increase in living quality
Central Park 20?? 2
Green heart of Valencia
Redevelopment of rail infrastructure site
1
Local citizen oriented
Recreation & educative activities
City of Arts And Science `98-`11 3 5
Raise City’s identity & attract tourism and
gentrification
Culture, education, conference and sport activities
Expensive construction & maintenance, loss making
Limited accessibility & use
Wealthy class and tourist oriented
2
F1 city Circuit 2008 4
Redevelopment of deteriorating industrial area 4
Limited periodical use of isolationist facilities 3
Global sports event drawing publicity
Yearly franchise cost of ~35 million euros
Wealthy class and tourist oriented
America’s Cup Port 2007 5
Redevelopment of industrial port and beach
Sports, tourism & recreation activities
Global event generating revenue
Promoting nautical high-tech industry
Luxury tourism and wealthy class oriented event

15. LUP Benefit orientation
1988
1998-2011
2014
Local Citizen
oriented
Tourism &
Wealthy class
oriented
12. Large Urban Project benefit orientation

16. Theoretical Framework
& project area choice

17. Theoretical framework
LUP integration
Confrontation of entrepreneurial and local needs in order to prevent isolationist projects
(Cuenya 2005)
Raising project integration by inclusion Of local participation (Lecroart 2007)
Locally painless project funding (Altshuler & Luberoff 2003)
Project flexibility and reversibility by multiple project operators (Lecroart 2007)
Mix of functions to ensure project vitality & Success (Lecroart 2007)
Local society favouring public space to increase project credibility (Lecroart 2007)

18. Urban VULNERABILITY 1991-2006
Socially vulnerable areas in Valencia
1991 2001 2006
0 1 2km 0 1 2km 0 1 2km
Derived based on Housing condition, level of education, unemployment based on percentage of immigrants
13. Socially vulnerable neighbourhoods 1991/2001/2006

19. Criteria for project site
URBAN REGENERATION
PEOPLE LIVING IN BAD VULNERABLE AREAS
PROGRAM - RIVA
CONDITION HOUSING REHABILITACIÓN INTEGRAL DE VALENCIA
39
51
54 14
16
414
14
69
31 292
33
0 1 2km 0 1 2km 0 1 2km
14. Areas of bad housing conditions / vulnerable neighbourhood / existing urban regeneration programs

20. Project Area
City of Arts
Central Park and Science
Project Area
0 1 2km
0 1 2km

21. Project ARea
Analysis

22. City of Arts And Sciences
Science Museum
Hemisféric
-- Interactive science
-- Cinema hall
exposition
Palau de las Arts -- Souvenir shop
Reina Sofia -- Souvenir/book shop
-- Restaurant
-- Operas
-- Ballets
-- Cinemas
-- Exhibitions
-- Conferences, etc.
Oceanografic
-- Marine museum, aquarium
-- Restaurants
-- Souvenir shops
Umbracle
-- Marine research
-- Parking
-- Exhibition of flora and astronomy
Agora
-- Sport / culture events
-- Conferences
-- Show venue
15. City of Arts and Science

23. Central Park
Vision
16. Central Park project

24. Central Park
Existing Situation
17. Central Park existing sitation

25. Project Phasing
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
18. Central Park plans and phasing

26. Project Area in 1946
19. Project area historic context

27. TURIA GARDEN 19c Spatial conditions
(old river bed)
P R T historic nUCLEUS • human scale, attractive streetscape
LU PO
• feeling of an old town
• small property lots
EXPAN DING
OLD T
NUCLE C
US
OWN • lack of greeneries and open spaces
TION
RI
AL
STAN
HISTO
U • built environment requires refurbishing.
TR PE ,
19th c UL CA T ICS
GIS TRY
C
. RI NDS
FREE
EXPAN AG LA LO US `70 block TYPE • Defined, human scale street level
SION -70`ie D
RIA
s IN • border of unattractive railway
BLOCK
PROJEC
TYPE
R TU MAIN
ROA
DS
• undeveloped properties blocks which
IVE
T AREA
R
(ne
w rive
r bed
)
0 1km
free sTANDING • lots of green open space in between
• Not developed groundfloor
• Unapealing spaces for public activity
Pre 1944 Nucleus
Block type 1970 expansion
Free Standing 1970 expansion

28. Abandoned & EmpTY Property
EMPTY LAND LOT
ABANDONED PROPERTY
0 1km

29. Older >64 living alone Unemployment
Socio-economic
Conditions
250
250
SERVICE, COMMERCE & SALES MANUFACTURE
production of metal products
production of office materials and computes
production of other electronic poducts
production of precision and optical machinery
food and drink industries
200
200 footware clothes and textile
wood cork and furniture
paper, printing and publishing
Other 1
Other 2
Wholesale
150
150
Groceries and Tabaco
Non Groceries and Tabaco
Youth 16-30 unemployment Immigrants
Cafe, Restaurant
Repairs of cars
Automobiles
Insurance and Real Estate
100
100
Service for Business
Rental, Real Estate
Personal Service
Other
Architects and Civil Engineers
Construction Engineers
50
50
Brokers, Salesman
HoReCa
Insurance
Managers
Other Professionals
Rent, Insurance and Law
0
0
Teaching
Health
1. Mont-Olivet 2. En Corts 3. Malilla 4. Fonteta de Sant Lluís 5. Na Rovella 6. La Punta 7. Ciutat Arts i les Ciències Other
Bad Housing Condition Density
Museums/Theatres/ Cinemas
Municipal Organization
Education
Youth Centre
Sports
Social Centres
Health
Libraries
Absence of Facilities
20. Project area socio-economic conditions

30. Traffic Intensity Bus connectivity Connectivity
Bus lines running through the project site
Traffic intensity Other Bus lines
Bridges and tunnels Lack of direct accessibility
Rail Public Transport Subjective local transportation evaluation
Tram/Metro line
Future Metro line
Train Station >45% Population
thinking they have
Cargo Train Station 15% bad transport
Bus Station 5% availability
21. Project infrastructure analysis

31. Existing Situation
0 1km
22. Existing spatial condition

32. municipal development plans
0 1km
23. Municipal development plans

33. Central Park project
0 1km
24. Central park related development issues

34. Real Estate Market
0 1km
25. Real estate markekt related Malilla Nord development issues

35. AIM

36. AIM of the project
Improve socially vulnerable
neighbourhoods in Valencia, in
the context of local development
stagnation and economy
recession

37. Further aims
Better the spatial conditions
of vulnerable areas
Use the potential of LUPs
to make the neighbouring areas
more successul

38. Strategy

39. FLOWS To LUPs
26. Capturing the flows that lead to to LUPs of Valencia

40. Activation
Strategy

41. Key projects
STARTUPS CENTRE
New Market
Design
workshop area
Huerta Info
Centre
Existing LUP Connections
New intervention Connections 0 1km

42. Strategy
Existing LUP connection New Bridges Secondary Projects Existing Greeneries
Existing LUP New LUP connection Secondary Connection New Greeneries
Existing Bridges Key intervention projects New Bicycle Route Future Metro

43. Redevelopment layer
Project / New Market
Older >64 living alone Bad Housing Condition
0 1km

44. Abandoned Property
27. Abandoned old historic neighbourhood

45. Redevelopment concept

46. Employment layer
Project / workshop centre
Empty Property
0 1km

47. Empty property
28. Existing abandoned property

48. Opened up new green space

49. Employment layer
Young Entrepreneur centre
N
MI
10
Unemployment
0 1km

50. Green layer
Temporary parks &
Huerta info centre
0 1km
29. Existing huerta info centre location

51. Landscape info centre

52. Real Time
Tomate 1.2 €/Kg
Agriculture
Network
Jun 15 - Aug 30
Naranja 0.8 €/Kg
Apr 10 - Nov 20
Cereza 2.2 €/Kg
Jul 01 - Sep 15
Parque Central
Merc@do
Collaboration ...Tomates1.01 Naranjas1.22 Cerezas 2.03...
Publicity
Real Time Info
Feedback New Market
Raise environmental awareness
Encourage local production /
consumption
Inform about product growth location,
status and seasonality
Strengthen local agriculture network
Huerta Info Centre
Promote typical Valencian landscape

53. secondary PROJECTS
Intervention types
Temporary/Permanent
New Green Spaces
Under used property development
Development promotion on empty
property

54. Development promotion New Green Spaces Under used development
Bratislava / Green Square Budapest / Urban Meadow
Magdeburg / Open Air Library
But Yam / Northern Gate
Dessau / Landscape Corridor Vilnius / Litterateur’s Street
30. Reference projects
Philadelphia / Vacant Land Brooklyn / Lent Space Paris / Passage 56

55. Stakeholder
H UERTA INFO
CENTRE P RIVATE
ROPERTY
Analysis
P €
RIVATE
INVESTORS
P UBLIC
ROPERTY
P €
RIVATE
INVESTORS
P RIVATE
ROPERTY
N EW
MARKET
P RIVATE
ROPERTIES
0 1km

56. Project Stakeholder Investment Gain New Land Owner
-- Partial investment into new market building -- New market
Public Land Owner -- Development of mixed use buildings -- Improvement of under developed land
(Municipality) -- New public spaces -- Increase in land value
-- Upgrade of adjacent living environment -- Stimulation of local economy
National Police - -- Improved private space
-- Partial investment into new market building
Private Investors -- Income from development
-- Mixed use buildings
-- Provision of greeneries -- Publicity Muncipality
Parque Central Association
-- Investment into ‘Real Time Agriculture Network’ -- Collaboration with ‘Huerta Info Centre’
New Private owners
Department of Employment and
Market -- Partial investment into new market building -- New job places
Promotion of Entrepreneurial Projects
-- Participatory time & input for local needs Private investors
-- Current economy driven market design / working
Association of Markets
-- Investment into ‘Real Time Agriculture Network’ scheme
-- Improved surroundings
Neighbourhood Association -- Participatory time & input for local needs -- Public / Private housing
-- New Public Facilities
Huerta Info Centre -- Investment into ‘Real Time Agriculture Network’ -- Collaboration with the ‘New Market’
-- Publicity of local products
Association of Farmers -- Investment into ‘Real Time Agriculture Network’
-- Increasing demand of work
-- Income for the sold land
Private Land Owner -
-- Permission for higher development rights
-- Acquisition of private property
Municipality -- Public use of under used area Muncipality
-- Partial investment to Entrepreneur Centre
Entrepreneur Private Investors -- Partial investment to Entrepreneur Centre -- Strategically appealing location Private owner
Centre Department of Employment and
-- Partial investment to Entrepreneur Centre -- New job places for young population Private investors
Promotion of Entrepreneurial Projects
Polytechnic University of Valencia -- Architecture student design competition for the Centre -- Tender for the winning project
Neighbourhood Associacion -- Participatory time & input for local needs -- Facilities and public space according to local needs
Multiple Private Land Owners - -- Income from rented property
Municipality -- 5 year rent of abandonded property -- Redevelopment of abandoned property Municipality
for 5 years with an availibility to
Workshop Department of Employment and -- Inventory for the Workshop Area
-- New Job Places extend the rental contract
Area Promotion of Entrepreneurial Projects -- Necessary refurbishment works
Neighbourhood Association -- Redevelopment of property -- Built environment for public facility Private owners
Valencia’s Associacion of Arts -- Workshops and lessons -- Space for creativity and production
Private land owner - -- Income for the sold land
Polytechnic University of Valencia -- Architecture student design competition for the info centre -- Tender for the winning project
-- Strengthening the regional strategy to promote local
Regional Government -- Financing the project
Huerta Info agricultural landscape
Municipality
-- Monitoring of the project
Centre Centre of Strategy and Development of -- Strengthening the regional strategy to promote local
Valencia -- Seek for private investors agricultural landscape
Association of Markets -- Investment into ‘Real Time Agriculture Network’ -- Collaboration with ‘Huerta info Centre’
Association of Farmers -- Investment into ‘Real Time Agriculture Network’ -- Publicity of local products

57. Stakeholder Investments
Farmer € Private Investors
Association € PROJECT NEW
MARKET Land National Police
Market €
REAL TIME Dep. of Employment
Associotion AGRICULTURE
i and Promotion of
NETWORK Entrepreneurial
€ Projects
Huerta Info MIXED USE
Collab.
Centre €
MARKET Municipality
Land
Parque Collab.
PUBLIC SPACE Neighbourhood
Central Trees i Association
Collab. Collaboration of Projects i Ideas / Participation Land Provision of Land
Trees Provision of Greeneries € Investment

58. Stakeholder Gains
Publicity Revenues Private Investors
Farmer
Association New job places PROJECT NEW
MARKET Improved surroundings National Police
Market New modern market REAL TIME
New job places Dep. of Employment
Associotion Customized structure AGRICULTURE and Promotion of
NETWORK Entrepreneurial
Land redevelopment Projects
Land value increase
Huerta Info MIXED USE Local economy stimulation
Project collaboration Municipality
Centre MARKET Surounding improvement
New public/private housing
Publicity New facilities
Parque Neighbourhood
Project collaboration PUBLIC SPACE New job places
Central New local market / centrality
Association

59. Project tradeoff study
Temporary High
Speed train station Private investment tertiary
towers >25 floors (offices)
Redeveloped public historical
buildings. Administration,
education, cultural.
Private investment
residential towers <14 floors
Private investment
residential towers >25 floors
0 1km

60. Possible LUP tradeoffs
New pedestrian Neighbourhood
brige open air library
Upgrade of existing
pedestrian bridge
Community centre Social Housing
New pedestrian
brige
0 1km

61. Promotion of alternative LUP use
31. Alternative use of the City of Arts and Sciences

62. Design
New Links / New Market / Startup Centre

63. 10
1 Street Section Study
2
3
Main projects
4 Street space boundary
Greeneries
1 2
0 1km
3 4

64. Proposed ‘Calmed traffic’ areas
MARK
ET
TUPS
STAR
SCHO M
OL
T
SPOR
WORK
SHOPS
Main projects
PARK Street space boundary
Metro Line
Pedestrian / Bike connection
Greeneries
Calmed traffic zone
0 1km

65. Design
New Links / New Market / Startup Centre

66. Existing Situation
Abandoned / Empty property

67. Project Proposal
Proposed new Functions
entrance to the Market
established new links

68. NEW
MARKET

69. New Spatial Configuration
NEW T
E
MARK

70. Established public
space connections

71. NEW MARKET DEVELOPMENT PHASING
Existing situation Phase 1- New Market & Public Space
Phase 2 - Adjacent Development Phase 3 - Relocation & Demolishment
M
Phase 4 - Development Completion Proposed Spatial Configuration

72. Design
New Links / New Market / Startup Centre

73. Entrepreneur Centre
Existing Proposed
Existing
Buildings
New
Buildings
Demolished
Buildings
Demolished
Roads

74. Proposed Plan

75. Functions

76. Relation to the City of Arts and Science

77. conclusions

78. What are the strategic spatial interventions necessary to improve the position of socially vulnerable areas in Valencia?
What are the existing possibilities of spatial planning to improve the benefits of LUPs for local communities in Valencia?

79. New vocation of the site
Green Heart of Young Startups & Hip
New Vital urban life
Valencia Centrality
Accessible daily activities
for the Citizens
Social Centre, Skill learning,
Workshops & Self Employment Local landscape and food
production awareness

80. Strategy in the municipal context

81. Gracias
32. City of Arts and Science from the fields of huerta

82. Image Sources
Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia / www.flickr.com : Roberto Rocco2 Central Park existing sitation /
Sports venue - Veles e Vents / www.flickr.com : Emilio!2 Domantas Stukas, www.valenciaparquecentral.es24
Formula 1 Grand Prix of Europe in Valencia / www.f1-site.com2 Central Park plans and phasing / www.valenciaparquecentral.es 25
Opening of the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia / www.f1-site.com 3 Project area historic context / www.urbanity.es26
Street view of the Cabanyal neighbourhood / Project area socio-economic conditions /
www.maps.google.com3 Domantas Stukas based on www.ine.es 29
Railway separated neighbourhoods / Domantas Stukas5 Project infrastructure analysis /
Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es30
The only pedestrian bridge linking two neighbourhoods / Domantas
Stukas6 Existing spatial condition /
Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es31
Transition in Valencian economy /
www.flickr.com : DonaLG, Oselfa Faber, www.sabore.es, Brisky Fingers, Feria Habitat Municipal development plans /
Valencia, Manyez, John Burke, Metro Centric; www.f1-site.com11 Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es32
Media headlines about socio-economic difficulties / Central park related development issues /
www.presseurop.eu, www.bbc.co.uk. www.elpais.com, www.cnn.com12 Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es 33
Land use plan 2010 / www.valencia.es13 Real estate markekt related Malilla Nord development issues /
General Plan of Valencia 2010 / www.valencia.es13 Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es, www.valenciaparquecentral.es34
Large Urban Project benefit orientation / Capturing the flows that lead to to LUPs of Valencia /
Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es, Source: www.valenciaparquecentral.es, Domantas Stukas based on www.valencia.es, www.maps.google.com39
www.vistasalegres.blogspot.no, www.f1-site.com, www.flickr.com : Rafa Cartagena,
Abandoned old historic neighbourhood / www.maps.google.com 44
jmhdezhdez 15
Existing abandoned property / www.maps.google.com47
Socially vulnerable neighbourhoods 1991/2001/2006 /
Domantas stukas based on www.siu.vivienda.es 18 Existing huerta info centre location / Domantas Stukas, www.gva.es 50
Areas of bad housing conditions / vulnerable neighbourhood / Reference projects / www.publicspace.org, www.72hoururbanaction.com54
existing urban regeneration programs / Alternative use of the City of Arts and Sciences /
Domantas Stukas based on siu.vivienda.es, cartoweb.cma.gva.es19 Domantas Stukas, www.cac.es 61
City of Arts and Science / City of Arts and Science from the fields of huerta /
www.maps.bing.com, www.flickr.com : Andifeelfine, fromhorta22 www.flickr.com : ferelmafe 81
Central Park project / www.valenciaparquecentral.es23

83. MSc Urbanism Thesis Report
June 2012
A Project For Valencia
STRATEGY FOR REVITALIZING SOCIALLY VULNERABLE AREAS,
CAPTURING THE BENEFITS OF LARGE URBAN PROJECTS
DOMANTAS STUKAS
4116267
Delft University of Technology, Department of Urbanism, Chair of Spatial Planning Strategy, Studio Complex Cities