La cartografía como soporte: experiencias recientes de lectura del territorio al servicio de la investigación y de procesos de toma de decisiones

1. 1. Managing the “infra/meso” scale
2. Two recent experiences
a. IPA Veronese
b. Distretto Urbano del Commercio di Bergamo
3. Opportunities of Volunteer Geographic Information
4. Conclusions
Mario Paris, Arch., PhD - E-mail: mario.paris@polimi.it Twitter: @Dr_MarioP
La cartografía como soporte:
experiencias recientes de lectura del territorio al servicio de
la investigación y de procesos de toma de decisiones
Seminario de formación doctoral “PRODUCIR CONOCIMIENTO ESPACIAL”, Lunes 16 de octubre - Sala de Juntas (ETS de Arquitectura)

2. From metropolitan areas to metropolistaed territories: M. Paris, 2015
End of antitheses (Centre/Periphery, Rural/Urban, etc.)?
Activation of a fragmentated and complex urban-rural space
1.

3. How to manage
the ‘infra’-scale?
Dealing with vast-area, metropolitan scale,
sub-municipal areas and urban districts out
of current statistical model (NUTs)

4. 2.
Two recent
experiences:
Regione Veneto
and Lombardia (I)

5. 2.a
The IPA Veronese

6. 2.a. The IPA Veronese: a process of discovering and re-cognition (I)
“After provinces: how to managing the vast area?”
Italian Law 56/2014 (also called “Riforma Delrio”) Provinces as a second level bodies
Strategies/Challanges
Facing common problems
Producing/Sharing knowledge
A demand form Municipalities
A work in collaboration with:

7. Regione del Veneto – Intesa Programmatica d’Area (D.G.R. 2796/2006)
“Con le IPA, la Regione offre la possibilità agli Enti pubblici locali (Province,
Comuni, Comunità montane) e alle Parti economiche e sociali di partecipare
alla programmazione regionale, attraverso la definizione di accordi
e la formulazione di proposte finalizzate allo sviluppo economico‐sociale di
aree territoriali subregionali.
Le Intese Programmatiche d’Area (IPA) pertanto non sono e non devono
essere nuove istituzioni che si aggiungono e sovrappongono a quelle esistenti,
ma momenti di concertazione, a cui partecipano i rappresentanti
dei soggetti pubblici delle parti economiche e sociali, con funzione di
analisi del territorio e di proposta in ordine alle azioni di sviluppo che si
rilevano come prioritarie per l'area territoriale".
D.G.R. n. 2796 del 12 settembre 2006. Si tratta della deliberazione che disciplina le Intese Programmatiche d’Area in applicazione
dell’art. 25 della LR35/2001.
The IPA as a figure
A voluntary role of municipalities (bottom-up)
Working on strategies and projects

8. Which municipalities?
Verona Metropolitan Area. PTRC Regione del Veneto (1992), Sistema insediativo (Extract)
1992

9. Which municipalities?
Verso il nuovo PTRC (2007) Tav. 05 Sviluppo economico,
ricettivo, turistico e rurale (Extract)
2007

10. Framing the space of analysis: the central strip of Verona Province in the Region
Area Vasta Veronese within the Regione del Veneto (Mario Paris, 2015)

11. 52 Municiaplities
1.650 km2 (50% former Provincia di Verona, 9% of the Region)
720.000 inhabitants (80% of the inhabitants of the whole Provincia, 14% of the Region)
Area Vasta Veronese within the Provincia di Verona (Mario Paris, 2015)
Framing the space of analysis: the central strip of Verona Province in the Region

12. Existing Planning Tools
Area Vasta Veronese: existing planning tools (Mario Paris, 2015)

13. Towards a recognition: Variation of the population (2003/2013, Data ISTAT)
1992 2003 2013 Variazione 1992-2013
Totale popolazione nell'ambito
dell'Area Vasta Veronese
615.831 661.391 720.373 +104.542 (+14,5%)
Numero abitanti - unità Unità
Comune di Verona 255.824 256.110 253.409 -2.415
Comuni fino a 10.000 abitanti 171.542 248.116 293.909 +122.367
Comuni da 10.000 e 5.000
abitanti
118.452 106.214 126.692 +8.240
Comuni con meno di 5.000
abitanti
70.013 50.951 46.426 -23.587
Numero abitanti - % %
Comune di Verona 41,5 38,7 35,2 -6,4
Comuni fino a 10.000 abitanti 27,9 37,5 40,8 +12,9
Comuni da 10.000 e 5.000
abitanti
19,2 16,1 17,6 -1,6
Comuni con meno di 5.000
abitanti
11,4 7,7 6,4 -4,9

14. The policentric pattern of the metropolitan area
Area Vasta Veronese: A polinuclear pattern (Mario Paris, 2015)

15. A process of metropolization
(Indovina, 2007)
Area Vasta Veronese: growing population (Mario Paris, 2015)

16. Central Strip – Discovering the character of the metropolitan area
Area Vasta Veronese: desnity of the popiulation (Mario Paris, 2015)

17. Central Strip – Discovering the character of the metropolitan area
Area Vasta Veronese: commuting flows (Mario Paris, 2015)

18. Central Strip – Solid vast management
Area Vasta Veronese: Solid vast management (Mario Paris, 2015)

19. Central Strip – Tourism
Area Vasta Veronese: Territorial vocations (Mario Paris, 2015)

20. Central Strip – Territorial vocations
Area Vasta Veronese: Territorial vocations (Mario Paris, 2015)

21. By inhabitants
Identifying an area marked by processes of mature metropolisation (Indovina, 2007)
By politicians, civil servants and technicians
Developing a road map, based on shared targets and strategies
Defining a common metholodology to support active policies
By Regional Government and Institutions
Regione del Veneto, through a specific act
Central Strip – Three recognitions
From a territorial framework to a think-thank
Defining a starting partnership of municipalities

22. Partnership
Municipalities: Verona (capofila)
Bussolengo S. Martino Buon Albergo
Buttapietra Sona
Castel d’Azzano S. Pietro in Cariano
Castelnuovo del Garda Sommacampagna
Lazise Valeggio sul Mincio
Pastrengo Zevio
Pescantina
Other institutional stakeholders: Camera di Commercio IAA di Verona
Apindustria
Casartigiani
Dipartimento di Informatica dell’Università degli Studi di Verona

23. IPA Veronese: A cohesive and homogeneous territorial system
14 Municipalites, 632 km2 (3,5% of Regione Veneto)
419.615 inhabitants (8,5% of regional population)

24. IPA Veronese: density of population (inhab./km2, ISTAT 2014)

25. Area Population 2014
(Istat)
Area (Km2) Density 2014 (ab./km2)
Italia 60.813.907 301.340 202
Regione Veneto 4.926.818 18.407 268
Provincia di Verona 907.352 3.096 293
Fascia centrale della Provincia di
Verona
720.373 1.665 432
IPA Veronese 419.675 632 664,8
IPA Veronese: density of population (inhab./km2, ISTAT 2014)

26. IPA Veronese: Density – Companies (LU/km2, Camera di Commercio, 2014)

27. Area
Population 2013
(Istat)
Area (Km2)
Local
Units
Local Units Density
UL/ab. UL/Km2
Italia 60.813.907 301.340 7.221.476 0,12 23,96
Regione Veneto 4.926.818 18.407 594.169 0,12 32,28
Provincia di Verona 907.352 3.096 114.815 0,13 37,08
Fascia centrale della
provincia di Verona
720.373 1.665 40.351 0,06 24,23
IPA Veronese 419.675 632 52.240 0,12 82,66
IPA Veronese: Density – Companies (LU/km2, Camera di Commercio, 2014)

28. IPA Veronese: Territorial Vocations (Camera di Commercio, 2014)

29. IPA Veronese: Aims
IPA Veronese should be a driver for the innovation of processes of local developement, which acts
as think-thank, which builds shared strategic scenarios, able to orienting future actions
Issues:
- Tourism
- Agricolture
- Urban regenerations (public and private heritage)
- Etc.
Methodology:
- Sharing a vision for an vast area
- Collecting ongoing local projects (topic, development and founds)
- Connecting up strategies and local projects
- Supporting the work of partners

30. IPA Veronese
Actions
Segreteria tecnica
IPA’s Area
Implemented proposals/Projects
Opportunities
Partners IPA
Resources
Partners IPA Region / EU
Portfolio/
Projects
agenda
Features
Potentials
Proposals
Scenarios/Strategies
Information
Proposals
IPA Veronese: How it works
Needs
Resources

31. IPA Veronese – Setting up actions, assesting results and performances
Area Vasta Veronese: The RFSC framework (Mario Paris, 2015)
Reference Framework for European Sustainable Cities – RFSC

32. 2.b
The DUC Bergamo

33. Research framework within Urb&Com Lab. (DAStU-PoliMI)
Since 1998, a deregulation strategy in retail sector generated an overlay of different processes:
- horizontal and vertical competition (spontaneous and planned poles)
- process of modernization of urban retail
- Inertia of urban retail systems
- raising of retail poles/superplaces
- Innovative formats
After the 2008 crisis:
- Role of e-commerce
- Experience economy and Sharing economy
- Shrinkage of retail sector
RQs.
Which impacts of the competition?
Is this process just erasing the traditional urban retail?
Aims.
Exploring the current evolution of urban retail systems affected by the competition with planned sub-
urban poles and/or other spontaneous aggregates.
Focusing on the characteristics of abandoned retail spaces

34. How to map a multi-level retail system?
Geography of spontaneous poles (retail and integrated urban economic activities)
Mapping urban retail systems:
Traditional retail (corner shops)
Horeca
Artisans and craftmans
Leisure
OfficesDensity of urban economic activities. (Data: ISTAT 2001 and 2011, elaborated by Limonta, 2016)

35. 2. How to map a multi-level retail system?
Geography of planned poles
Different typologies
(dimension, mix, specialization)
Geografia delle polarità commerciali pianificate: strutture di vendita organizzate in
forma unitaria esistenti e autorizzate (inquadramento regionale). (Limonta, 2016)

36. Spatial knowledge as a support for public action (strategies, policies and actions)
Maps as a tool to support public actors
Regional Retail Observatory
Opendata
Italian National Institute of Statistics
Opendata
«Shopping relevant» activites dynamics
(2001 – 2011)
Small size stores dynamics
(2008-2011)
Big and Medium size store
database
Local retail system dynamics
map
Regional Retail polarities map
(220 items)
Catchment areas
overlapping map
Urban retail systems
map
These kinds of analysis should change of scale
and achieve a different degree of precision.

37. Lombardy as testing ground
Milan and a system of medium cities
(Bergamo, Brescia, Monza, etc.)
Density of population and activities
Processes of mature metropolization
Interest of retail companies
Vibrancy for economy and retail (two scales)Population density
Shopping Centres by region

38. Catchment areas overlapping map
Current situation

39. Competition for catchment
areas and market saturation
Catchment areas overlapping map
Future scenario

40. Local retail system dynamics map

41. Potential fragility of Urban retail system map
Urban retail fragility Local retail system dynamic Catchment areas overlapping
Very high
Desertification Very high
Desertification High
Desertification Medium
High
Desertification Low
Desertification Very Low
Medium high
Balance Very high
Balance High
Substitution Very high
Medium
Substitution High
Balance Medium
Strengthening Very high
Medium low
Balance Low
Balance Very Low
Substitution Medium
Low
Substitution Low
Substitution Very Low
Strengthening High
Very Low
Strengthening Medium
Strengthening Low
Strengthening Very Low

42. Potential fragility of Urban retail system map
Urban retail fragility Local retail system dynamic Catchment areas overlapping
Very high
Desertification Very high
Desertification High
Desertification Medium
High
Desertification Low
Desertification Very Low
Medium high
Balance Very high
Balance High
Substitution Very high
Medium
Substitution High
Balance Medium
Strengthening Very high
Medium low
Balance Low
Balance Very Low
Substitution Medium
Low
Substitution Low
Substitution Very Low
Strengthening High
Very Low
Strengthening Medium
Strengthening Low
Strengthening Very Low
Current situation

43. Potential fragility of Urban retail system map
Urban retail fragility Local retail system dynamic Catchment areas overlapping
Very high
Desertification Very high
Desertification High
Desertification Medium
High
Desertification Low
Desertification Very Low
Medium high
Balance Very high
Balance High
Substitution Very high
Medium
Substitution High
Balance Medium
Strengthening Very high
Medium low
Balance Low
Balance Very Low
Substitution Medium
Low
Substitution Low
Substitution Very Low
Strengthening High
Very Low
Strengthening Medium
Strengthening Low
Strengthening Very Low
Future scenario

44. How urban retail systems react?
The example of the DUC Bergamo
Changing scale: facing local dynamics
Sensing and mapping urban retail systems
Testing and comparing trends through a spatial reading
A potential role for TCM associations

45. An extended survey
Producing «spatial knowledge» (Paris & Limonta, 2016a)

46. Strengthening
Attractiveness for users and investors
High streets
Role of urban quality
Innovative formats
Retail

47. Strengthening
Integrated offers
Leisure, tourism and culture
Real estate market
Cafés, Bars and Restaurants

48. Desertification
Lack of vibrancy and urban life
How to regenerate?
Role of public actor
Closed activities, disused shops

50. Substitution
Role of artisans and craftsman
Promoting alternative spinnerets
Craftsman activities

51. Substitution
Towards an advanced cultural districts?
New vocations for the city
New entrepreneurships (migrants)
Offices and tertiary activities

52. Substitution
Towards an advanced cultural districts?
New vocations for the city
New entrepreneurships (migrants)
Migrant entrepreneurs

53. OPPORTUNITIES
Producing spatial knowledge to support:
Public actors (Strategies, policies, actions and regulation)
Private investors (innovation and reinforcement)
Relevance of this approach

54. 3.
Opportunities
of VGI

55. Institutional Opendata (Istat, Public Agencies, etc.)
• Transversal
• Administrative scales (municipal, provincial, regional)
• Quantitative
But we found some critical aspects:
• Low spatial information (most of institutional opendata are simple
databases)
• Low geographic detail (due to the geocoding process used to define
the spatial information)
• “Meso”/Intermediate scales (districts, basins)?
• Updates?
• Shopping-relevant activities (craftsman, horeca, ICC)?
They are not enough!
We look for “other kinds” of data
Involving geographical information in
research and applied research

56. A definition
Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) are georeferenced informations
coming from collaborative mapping projects that represent the set of
geographic information generated and shared by a community of users
(Goodchild M., 2007).
The main projects include:
•OpenStreetMap (OSM)
•Wikimapia
•Google Maps (unitl march of 2016 was Google map maker).
VGI (Volunteered Geographic Information)

57. Volunteered Geographic Information Institutional map (Geographic DB)
Continouos updates Periodic updates (5-10 years)
Uneven and not completed updates Transversal and completed updates
Variable attribute structure Fixed attribute structure
Not uniform structure data Uniform structure information data
Mapping done by volunteers Mapping done by specialized companies
Not uniform cartographic detail Uniform cartographic detail
A comparison

58. Produsers (producers and users at the same time)
- Engagement (from your research/survey/field-work to
an open data)
- Precision/Vandalism: the quality of the information
- A common language
A platform/ecosystem
- License for information (Odbl)
- Acquiring, Enriching and Sharing knowledge
Not only single users (the role of institutions)
- Producing useful data (Link)
- Towards a cooperative protocol
An active (or activated?) community

59. Obsolescence of information
Contributors enrich the information (es. Accessibility)
2 febbraio 2016 - via Zambonate 2 maggio 2016 - via Zambonate
Exceeding obsolescence

60. VGI data (as the OSM ones) are used by APPs and APIs (MAP.ME, OsmAnd, etc.)
Re-use of information

61. Reading ongoing phenomena, evaluating public policies (benchmark)
Screening and observatories

62. Periodic reports OpenStreetMap
Comune di Bergamo
(SIT e Ufficio Commercio)
Institutional data about the
Opening/dismatling of local shops
Collection data (from Comune, and
stakeholders)
Distretto Urbano
del Commercio DUC
Stakeholders (Shop tenants
and Local associations)
Alerts and advices to DUC
Edit information
Edit information
Contributors (OSM
Local community)
Towards a circular process/
cooperative protocol

63. A demo-pilot: DUC di Bergamo
February 2016
Survey – I phase
May 2016
upload - caricamento della mappatura delle attività su OSM relativamente all’ambito del DUC “Centro”;
June 2016
Survey – II phase
July 2016
Workshop with local stakeholders
February 2017
Definition of a protocol with Comune di Bergamo (SIT e Ufficio Commercio) and DUC
Survey
Febbraio 2016
Giugno 2016 2.413 activities
Upload on
OpenStreetMap OSM
as Opendata
?
Towards a circular protocol

64. OpenStreetMap Comunity or tourists
Changeset:
58 changes
authors: 16 (3 experts)
ew openings: 4
Towards a circular protocol

65. 4.
Conclusions

66. With creativity, engagement and
effort, I produced an original
spatial knowledge. So what?

67. Why should I give around
my work (for free)???
As researcher
- Responsibility (compare with Google maps policy)
- Sharing knowledge/dissemination
As expert/urban planner
- Raw data available
- Updating information
- Creating benchmark