This document describes a solar tracking system that uses a real-time clock to rotate a solar panel to track the sun's movement and maximize sunlight exposure. It uses a microcontroller, real-time clock, motor driver, stepper motor, and LCD display. The system orients the solar panel based on the time of day from the real-time clock in order to always face the panel toward the sun. The microcontroller controls the stepper motor rotation through a motor driver. An LCD displays the current time and "Solar Tracker."

1.
Solar Tracking System using
Real Time Clock
By
H.Mahesh Kumar (06-09-4081)
N.Mahesh (06-09-4082)
B.Mukesh (06-09-4088)

2.
Aim of the Project
 The main objective of this project is to track the sun and
rotate the solar panel accordingly, to receive sunlight to the
fullest extent always during the day time
 This movement is achieved by interfacing a stepper motor to
the solar panel that changes its direction according to the
positioning of the sun.
 This is achieved using time reference that controls the
movement time for 12 hours by a program written in such a
way that for every given time the solar panel faces to the sun
to generate maximum power

3.
Introduction
 We are using microcontroller 89S52 for controlling the
panel so that panel is rotated according to the sun’s
position
 A Stepper motor is used and it’ control and rotation is
done by the microcontroller
 We also use KEIL software to simulate the program
which is written in embedded C

4.
Block diagram of project
MICRO CONTROLLER
POWER
SUPPLY
RTC
LCD
Motor
driver
Stepper
Motor

5.
Why AT 89s52?
 Coming to the question of why to use AT89s52 of all
the 8-bit Microcontroller available in the market the
main answer would be because it has 8 Kb on chip
flash memory which is just sufficient for our
application. The on-chip Flash ROM allows the
program memory to be reprogrammed in system or by
conventional non-volatile memory Programmer.
Moreover ATMEL is the leader in
 Flash technology in today’s market place and hence
using AT 89s52 is the optimal solution.

6.
Software used
 KEIL
 µVision3 is an IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) that helps you write, compile, and
debug embedded programs.
 Embedded C is used in this project

7.
Power supply

8.
Description of power supply
 The circuit uses standard power supply comprising of a step-
down transformer from 230v to 12v and 4 diodes forming a
Bridge Rectifier that delivers pulsating dc which is then filtered
by an electrolytic capacitor of about 470microf to 100microF.
 The filtered dc being un regulated IC LM7805 is used to get 5v
constant at its pin no 3 irrespective of input dc varying from 9v
to 14v
 The regulated 5volts dc is further filtered by a small capacitor
of 10 micro f for any noise so generated by the circuit

9.
Microcontroller AT89S52
 Compatible with MCS®-51 Products
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash
Memory
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

10.
Real Time Clock
 The RTC chip is a specialized chip that just keeps track of
time.
 It runs on a battery and keeps time for you even when there is a
power outage.
 Using an RTC, you can keep track of long timelines, even if
you reprogram your microcontroller or disconnect it from USB
or a power plug.
 The RTC we'll be using is the DS1307 . It's low cost, easy to
solder, and can run for years on a very small coin cell.

11.
Motor Driver ULN2003
 ULN2003 is a relay driver
 It is used to drive the Stepper motor
 It gives a low output to Stepper motor coil which
drives the gear of stepper motor
 It functions as inverter and it is cost effective

12.
Stepper Motor
 A stepper motor (or step motor) is a brushless synchronous
electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number
of steps.
 To make the motor shaft turn, first one electromagnet is given
power, which makes the gear's teeth magnetically attracted to
the electromagnet's teeth.
 So when the next electromagnet is turned on and the first is
turned off, the gear rotates slightly to align with the next one,
and from there the process is repeated

13.
LCD Display
 The LCD panel is used in interfacing with micro-
controller to display the Time and “Solar Tracker”
 This is a 16 character x 2 lines LCD module capable of
displaying numbers and characters

14.
Schematic Diagram

15.
Procedure: Survey
 First we studied about all components like
microcontroller,lcd,steppermotor
 And we decided to modify project such that we are
using RTC DS1307 instead of LDR’s

16.
Procedure
 We bought all the components needed for our project
 We soldered all components according to the
schematic
 We wrote the code and created hex file in keil software
 We dumped hex file with the help of
willarprogrammer to the micro controller

17.
Software Programming
 KEIL
 µVision3 is an IDE (Integrated Development
Environment) that helps you write, compile, and
debug embedded programs.
 Embedded C is used in this project