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Status of lakes in Hyderabad-Dec 2013

The document presents a comprehensive study on the status of lakes in Hyderabad, highlighting their historical, socio-economic, and ecological significance amidst rapid urbanization leading to severe degradation and loss. It discusses the extent of lake disappearance, notable problems such as pollution and encroachment, and the necessary strategies and legal frameworks for conservation. The findings emphasize the urgent need for initiatives to protect and restore these vital water bodies for the city's sustainability.

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Status of lakes in Hyderabad Presented By: Nisha Kumari, Environment Management, (Session-2013-14) Indian Institute of Science (IISc.), Bangalore
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Content •Introduction (Objective of the project, Methodology, Study Area) •Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance •Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad •Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad •Effect Of Lake Degradation •Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad •Legal Framework To Save Lakes •Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad •Case Studies •Way Forward •Acknowledgements 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 2
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Introduction •The Hyderabad city, founded in 1591 on the banks of river “Musi” •Geographical location of Hyderabad is 17.366°N Latitude and 78.476°E Longitude. •The city is situated at an attitude of 536 meters (1607 ft.) above sea level. •The city lies in the Deccan Plateau, houses multiple lakes and large water tanks •Since the twin city (Secunderabadand Hyderabad) were built on a rocky terrain, the potential for using groundwater is limited. •The cities are dependent on surface water (lakes) •But from last few decades, the water bodies are shrinking and disappearing. •Their revival is an indispensable component for providing water security to the city. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 3
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •The objective of the project is “to study status of lakes in Hyderabad” •Sub Objectives of the project is to find out: Historical, socio-economical and ecological importance of lakes in Hyderabad Present Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Problems faced by lakes in Hyderabad Effect of Lake Degradation in Hyderabad Strategies for Protection of lakes in Hyderabad Legal framework to save lakes Initiatives towards protection and revival of Water Bodies of Hyderabad 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 4 Introduction Objective of the project
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science SECONDARY RESEARCH •Secondary data was collected from various websites and existing literatures. •Some of the sources referred HMDA website (http://www.hmda.gov.in/) Soul website (http://www.soulhyd.org/). Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation SaciWaters Centre for Science and Environment India Ministry of Environment & Forests •National and local news papers PRIMARY RESEARCH •Qualitative data was collected through interaction with experts. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 5 Introduction Research Methodology
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) jurisdiction •Area 7,257 sq. km. •Hyderabad –the capital city of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest growing cosmopolitan metropolitan cities in India. •Considering area of the city, it is disproportionately larger than any urban Centre in the state. •With an increase in service sector base, in the city, there is a consequent increase in the population. Hyderabad recorded rapid population growth in the last few decades. •It is ranked as sixth largest and one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities of India. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 6 Introduction Study Area
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Area of jurisdiction Area GHMC (Inside Outer Ring Road) 650 sq. km HUDA 1905 sq. Km HMDA (Area including outside Ring Road) 7,257 sq. km 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 7 HYDERABAD-ADMINISTRATIVE AREA Source: http://www.hmda.gov.in/images/map.jpg
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) growth trend-AP Population Growth Trend in GHMC 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 8 Introduction Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation and population growth in Hyderabad 1.80 2.55 3.06 3.64 6.81 41.80% 20.20% 18.90% 87.20% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00% - 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 Yr. 1971 Yr. 1981 Yr. 1991 Yr. 2001 Yr. 2011 Population Growth-GHMC Population (Mn.) Growth in % 1,69,328 2,05,239 2,50,169 3,00,384 3,55,368 4,22,541 - 50,000 1,00,000 1,50,000 2,00,000 2,50,000 3,00,000 3,50,000 4,00,000 4,50,000 GDDP Growth-AP GDDP (Rs. In Mn.) Linear (GDDP (Rs. In Mn.)) Sourcs:http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/STATE%20ECONOMY.pdf Source:http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyderabad- population.html
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 9 Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance Historical importance Socio-Economic Importance Ecological Importance
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Many big tanks were built by the rulers to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city •Many big tanks were built by the QutubShahirulers (1534-1724 A.D.) and later by the AsafJahirulers (1724-1948) in and around Hyderabad city. •Some of the big tanks built during those periods are Hussain Sagar, Mir Alam, Afzal Sagar, Jalpalli, Ma-SehabaTank, TalabKatta, Osmansagarand Himayatsagaretc. (RekhaRani, 1999). •Most of the big tanks were constructed by the former rulers or ministers whereas the minor tanks were built by zamindars. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 10 Importance of Lakes Historical Importance
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 11 Importance of Lakes Historical Importance Some of the famous lakes built during QutubShahirulers (1534-1724 A.D.) Hussain Sagar •Was built in 1562 by Sultan Ibrahim KutbShah •Most famous and historic lake •First drinking water source for the two cities •A major spot of tourist attractions. MaSaheba tank (Presently known as Masab Tank) •Built in 1624 A.D. to meet water requirements of the general public Saroornagar Lake is known to have been built in 1624 •Built in 1624 with an area of about 5 sq. kms. in the eastern part of the city. •It is the main water body in the eastern sector of the city. Some of the famous lakes built during AsafJahirulers (1724-1948) The Mir Alamtank, •Constructed in 1806, by French engineers during the reign of Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah Asif Jah III, the third Nizam of Hyderabad state •Supplying plenty of water to the city and the suburbs Osman Sagar lake- constructed in 1920 •It was created in 1920 by damming the MusiRiver •It was built to provide water for the twin cities as well as to save them from floods. •The lake was named after the last Nizramof Hyderabad, Osman Ali Khan, who also had it built
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Source of drinking water •Sustain traditional urban livelihoods •Source of revenue for statethrough eco-tourism and water based Recreation Centres. •Improve aesthetics of the cityand offer scope for nature study 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 12 Importance of Lakes Socio-Economic Importance
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Lakes play a very vital role in local hydrology. Some of the ecological importance of lakes are as follows: Lakes contribute significant recharge of ground water and rainwater conservation Lakes of Hyderabad hold good recreation values and are nesting grounds for the migratory birdsthat pass by Hyderabad every winter. Lakes are great repository of biodiversity including flora and fauna Support aquatic life Regulates and enhance micro-climatic conditions, Keeps local weather conditions in balance and surrounding cool Ecological indicator Urban flood mitigating structure-Regulates flood waters and minimize economic loss due to flooding Contribute towards natural remediation of waste waters. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 13 Importance of Lakes Ecological Importance
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad 19 September 2014 14 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 Population growth and industrialization lead to Encroachments and shrinking of lakes in Hyderabad
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science According to a study conducted by NGRI Hyderabad (Using remote sensing data obtained from the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)) •Hyderabad's growth in the last three decades has come at the cost of 375 lakes going extinct •The HUDA area is having only 531 lakes as compared to the 906 it had in 1982. •A majority of lakes (268 lakes) have vanished between 2002 and 2012. •Of the existent lakes, 267 have a spread of less than five hectares, 108 have a spread less than 10 hectares and The remaining 156 lakes measure more than 10 hectares 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 15 Present Status Shrinking lakes over few decades Satellite map of HUDA showing Shrinking of no. of lakes over last 3 decades: Lake Spread 1982 1992 2002 2012 5 Hectare 593 534 492 267 5-10 Hectare 160 146 140 108 more than 10 hectares 153 196 167 156 Source: EenaduDistrict Edition, Hyderabad; Article Name-ChivarikiMigilindi(At final what you have), 1stoct2013
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •All the lakes of Hyderabad are in varying degrees of environmental degradation. •According to a concerted exercise by the Lake Protection Committee (LPC) the identified no. of lakes in HMDA are as follows: 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 16 Present Status Data on lakes in Hyderabad Lakes identified by HMDA in Hyderabad (jurisdiction-wise) Areaofjurisdiction Area No.ofLakes GHMC(InsideOuterRingRoad) 650sq.km 455 HUDA 1905sq.Km 531 HMDA(AreaincludingoutsideRingRoad) 7,257sq.km 2857 District Wise Abstract of Lakes Identified in HMDA Area Districts No of Water Bodies InsideORR OutsideORR Total Hyderabad 23 0 23 MahaboobNagar 0 133 133 Medak 44 1278 1322 Nalgonda 0 218 218 Ranga Reddy 388 773 1161 Total 455 2402 2857
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 17 Present Status Present status of some of the water bodies Waterbody Whatitistoday MirJumlaTank Convertedtoslum MaasaabcheruvuandRamathpuracheruvu Convertedtoaneffluentcolony YusufgudaandBatakammakunta Garbagedumpinggrounds SahebnagarcheruvuvinHayathnagarMandal OccupiedbyinfluentialpoliticiansandlayoutsforHUDA GopicheruvuatGacchiBowlinearoldBombayroad ConvertedtotownshipbyDyoncompany Kanchanbagcheruvu Filledupandahospitalhascomeup. SomefactsaboutwaterbodiesinHyderabad 3,245hectaresoflakeareawaslostbetween1989and2001(AnjalPrakash,executivedirectorofSaciwaters) Besidesthelargewaterbodies,numeroussmallwaterbodiesintheperiurbanzonesalsoshrunk,whenthecityunderwentawaveofrealestategrowth(RamachandraiahandPrasad2008). Peoplehavemanagedtodestroycloseto50percentofthewetlandsinthecityinlast3decades Researchbasedonsatelliteimageryshowswaterbodiescoverageinthecityhasreducedfrom2.5%to1.5%. TheFamousHussainSagarLake,MirAlamTankwhichservedasasourceofdrinkingwaterduringtheNizam’stimehasbeencompletelypolluted.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 18 Present Status Categorisation of water bodies based on present status Still used as sources of drinking water and have recreational potential In progressive stages of degradation and can be rehabilitated Totally reclaimed and lost forever Osman Sagar Himayat Sagar SwaroopnagarLake, Mir AlamTank, Hussain Sagar; Shameerpetlakes, Noor Mohammed Kunta Mir JumlaTank, Ma SahabTank and BatkammaKunta Categorisation Lakes
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Status of some of the lakes of Hyderabad 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 19 Hamid Khan Kunta, also known as TajBanjaraLake, has been encroached. Garbage Dumping at Hameed Khan KuntaSite The polluted waters of the Hussain SagarLake in Hyderabad raising a stink.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 20 Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 21 Problems Faced By Lakes Major factors lead to degradation of lakes in Hyderabad Lake pollution Shrinking of lake Lake Degradation Rapid Urbanisation And Encroachment Encroachment of lake area, violating urban development norms Soil Erosion and siltation due to encroachment Degradation of lake inlet and outlet Continuous flow of untreated waste water Sewerage water (Industrial and domestic effluent) is diverted in the lakes which leads to pollution, ground water contamination and diseases Dumping of debris and garbage Washing of clothes in lakes Invasive weeds Heavy siltation and pollution due to idol immersion Lack of knowledge and understanding urban watersheds & hydrology
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 22 Factors contributing towards degradation of water bodies of Hyderabad Level 1 •Population Growth •Urbanisation •Industrial Growth Level 2 •Increased concretization •Encroachment •Reduced greenery of the city •Dumping of untreated sewagein the lakes •Idol immersion •Dumping of debris and garbage Level 3 •Soil Erosion •Silting of Lakes •Degradation of lake inlet and outlet •Invasive weed Lake Degradation
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 23 Major factors subsequently causing shrinking of lakes at various stages Urbanization/ industralization Population Growth Rapid Concretization Encroachment of Lake area Siltation Blockage of lake inlet and outlet, Reduced lake area Reduced water carrying capacity of lake and infilteration Shrinking and disappearing lakes Water Crisis, Inundation
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 24 Factors causing pollution of lakes at various stage Urbanization/ industralization Population Growth Increased Industrial and domestic effluent / Garbage Sewage water diverted in the lakes/ Garbage Dumping Siltation/ lake Pollution Lake Pollution ground water contamination and diseases Scarcity of clean drinking water
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Reasons of encroachment •City growth, industrial and urban spread •Housing colonies are being constructed in dried lakes. •According to the govt. rules, if the lakes do not receive water for three consecutive years and the lake remains dry, then the lake area comes under the jurisdiction of the Revenue Department. •Non implementation of building regulations and pollution control laws LAKESCONNECTIVITYANDTHEIRROLEINPREVENTINGINUNDATION Lakeinletandoutlettoregulateitsflow.Abiglakeisencompassedbyits’largecatchmentareawhichcontainsanumberofsmalllakes& ponds.Thesesmalllakesandpondsareusuallyinterconnectedwitheachotheralongwithbiglakewhichhelpstomaintainthehydrologyoftheselakes.TheinterconnectingstructuresmaybetheNalasorStormWaterDrains. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 25 Problems Faced By Lakes Rapid UrbanisationAnd Encroachment ENCROACHMENTOFWATERCHANNELS Ifencroachmentoccursalongwiththesenalas/waterchannels,thenitwillresultinrestrictedflowofwaterwhichultimatelyresultsinfloodduringbigstormevents. Further,theestablishmentsalongthenala/Waterchannelsdischargestheirsewageandindustrialeffluentdirectlyintothemwhichultimatelypolluteslakewater.Apartfromthat,directdisposalofSolidWastesbyestablishmentalongthenalas,alsocausespollutionandobstructstheflowinhydraulicstructureslikeInterception& Diversions,sewerlines,STPsetc.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Industrial And Domestic Effluent •Lake Foreshore attracts real estate business for its scenic value; leading direct discharge of untreated municipal and industrial waste waters. •Almost 80% of Hyderabad's untreated sewage gets dumped into the city's lakes •Hence the city's drinking water (Manjeera) now demonstrates an alarmingly high presence of excreta. •municipalitiessurrounding Hyderabad discharge all the waste into drains and water bodies •Pharmaceutical hub at Patancheruthat releases a huge amount of chemical waste into the city's water sources Solid Waste Dumping •Water bodies are being used as debris dumping site. •Regular dumping of huge amount of solid waste near lake area causes clogging and contamination, makes lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents. •The HUA generates around 3379 tons of solid waste every day 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 26 Problems Faced By Lakes 66% 8% 3% 4% 15% 2% 1% 1% Share of Solid Waste Generation-Hyderabad House Hold – Domestic Street Sweepings & Drain Cleanings Hotels andRestaurants Markets Shops, CommercialEstablishments Hospitals, clinics Construction waste Industrial Waste(Non-Hazardous) Source: Centre for Environmental Studies, JNTU, Hyderabad
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Storm Water Drainage •Natural and man-made drains and water bodies ultimately discharge surface run- off into lakes and pollute them. •The nalasare the major carriers of storm water finally disposing into the river and water bodies in the catchment. Idol Immersion During Ganesh Chaturthi •Several thousands of idols immersion in lakes every year during Ganesh Chaturtjiand DurgaPuja. •The idols decorated with non-biodegradable products containing heavy metals like mercury and lead which are extremely dangerous to the ecosystem. •According to the study, the immersion of Ganesh and Durgaidols has polluted the lake resulting in vector transmitted diseases and lose of biodiversity and aquatic plants. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 27 Problems Faced By Lakes Over50,000GaneshidolsofvarioussizesaretobeimmersedintheHussainSagarlake,themajorwaterbodyinthecity, andabout20otherlakesintheotherpartsofHyderabadanditssuburbs.TheHindu-18thSep2013 •In addition to storm water discharge these drains are also being used to discharge sullageand septic tank overflows
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Effect of lake degradation 19 September 2014 28 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 29 Effect Of Lake Degradation Changes In Local Hydrology Increased rain water runoff and drinking water crisis Increased instances of water logging and flooding Rising temperatures due to vanishing water bodies. Alters Local Weather Conditions Groundwater contamination due to lake pollution Loss of traditional livelihoods-fishing and washing Loss of recreational opportunities Air pollution due to release of volatile gases and foul smell Loss of aesthetics Economic loss due to flooding Loss of aquatic species
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 30 Effect Of Lake Degradation Changes In Local Hydrology Sl. No. Lakedegradation/Factors EffectonhydrologyofHyderabad 1 Rapidsiltationoflakes Reducedno.ofwaterbodies Lossofrainwaterretentioncapacityinlakes Increasedrain/stormwaterrunoff Reducedgroundwaterrecharge DepletionofSurfaceandgroundwaterresources 2 Encroachmentsonnaturalnalas/ streamsandlakebedareas. Temperinginflowandoutflowchannels Inundations/Flooding
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Lakes help in recharging aquifers and store the rain water. •In Hyderabad ground water level has depleted due to loss of water bodies •Hyderabad is facing water crisis in several areas. •Hyderabad’s early water sources -the Hussain Sagar, Osman Sagarand HimayatSagar •The other important sources of water were the Musiand Manjirarivers. •River Musiis no longer a water source owing to heavy pollution. •Local self-reliance of water –breaks down •Local water body sources –replaced by distant rivers – Krishna, Godavari, Manjeera •Consequences –expensive, larger eco-footprints 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 31 Effect Of Lake Degradation Increased Rain Water Runoff And Drinking Water Crisis WaterdemandandsupplyinHMDAarea Water Demand Total water demand as per city agency (HMWSSB) 1,300 MLD Per capita water demand as per HMWSSB 187 LPCD Sources And Supply Water sources Surface* and groundwater Water sourced from surface sources 88% Water sourced from groundwater 12% Total water supplied 930 MLD Per capita supply 134 LPCD Leakage loss 40% Actual supply (after deducting leakage losses) 558 MLD Per capita supply (after leakage losses) 80 LPCD Population served by water supply system 70% Per capita supply in the served area 114 LPCD Demand-supply gap (after leakage losses) 742 MLD Source:Anon2011,71-CityWater-ExcretaSurvey,2005-06,CentreforScienceandEnvironment,NewDelhi Around 70% of HMDA is covered by formal water supply –rest of the areas depend on GW
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 32 Hyderabad Water Supply Only two lakes of Hyderabad Osman Sagarand HimayatSagarare used for drinking water due to: •High water storage capacity and •Less pollution by the catchment activities Source: Hyderabad Water-Waste Portraits -Centre for Science and Environment India
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 33 Effect Of Lake Degradation Increased Instances Of Water Logging And Flooding MasabTank •Situated at the southern foothill limit of BanjaraHills •Converted into a thickly populated residential-cum- commercial area. •The downstream side of this tank has been totally converted to residential areas such as VijayaNagar Colony and Shanti Nagar. •During rainy season-there is a problem of waterlogging and flooding Many water tanks Hyderabad have been encroached and converted into residential and commercial areas Natural flow of the lake streams are blocked, resulted in waterlogging and flooding August2000FloodinHyderabadCity •Wettest spell in 92 years due to heavy downpour of rain. •Many of the low-lying areas in Hyderabad were inundated. •The severity of flooding was due to a Blockage of natural stream leads and reduction in the carrying capacity of lakes and water channels Waterlogging hotspots during the recent rains, as recorded by Hyderabad. Traffic Police
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Polluted lake causes vector transmitted diseases •Causes health hazards in neighborhood. •Fish caught from the polluted lake over a period of time is leading to serious diseases. •The toxic substances can trigger chronic ailments. •When organic compounds of mercury enter human body, they concentrate in the brain and destroy the cells which control the central nervous system. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 34 Effect Of Lake Degradation Health Hazards Dead fish float in the waters at DurgamCheruvudue to high levels of pollution in the lake.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Need for Lake Conservation •To harvests Rainwater and supplement shortfall of water supply need of Hyderabad •To reduce the waterlogging event and flood risk by interconnecting the lakes •To improve the heath condition of people living in the lake surrounding •Enhance biodiversity in and around the lakes •Increase economic activities through ecotourism/ recreational opportunities at lake 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 35
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad 19 September 2014 36 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 Lake Protection Lake management Lake restoration Three prong strategy
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 37 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Protection Preventing encroachment (mud, garbage dumping) Demarcation and identification of Lake Boundaries and Full Tank Level Demarcating the boundary of the water body by wire fencing or boulders to prevent further encroachment into the lake beds. Formation of peripheral bund along the shoreline of the lakes
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 38 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Management Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants for treating sewage and letting the treated water into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired level. Restoration of inflow and outflow channels Diversion of sewer to direct sewage and take in the monsoon water runoff to the lake. Separating storm water/ other wastewater from the rain water Encouraging management and handling of municipal solid waste
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 39 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Management Beautification of lake bund by landscaping and plantation Plantation on the surrounding to prevent soil erosion Increasing community vigilance and participation Reducing pollution through idol immersion-Green GaneshaDrive Environmental education and awareness oTrainingandcapacitybuildingoftheCommunityaroundthelake oEnhancingvisitor&studentawarenessaboutthenaturalandculturalheritagevalueofthelake
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 40 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Restoration Source Control Treatment of watershed or catchment of lakes In lake treatment Measures under taken to improve quality of lake water
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 41 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Restoration Source Control •Soil conservation measures, •Bank/Slope erosion control measures, •Afforestation, •Drainage improvements, •Diversion of silt carrying channels away from the lake, •Control of sewage wastes, •Sewage interceptions and diversions and •Participation of people in watershed In lake treatment •De-silting the lake bed by dredging •Pollution level control-through bioremediation and surface aeration processes. •Reviving the screen barriers and silt-traps for inlet channels •De-weeding/hyacinth control or removal (biological, chemical, mechanical and manual measures, bio-composting) •Composite fish culture/ larvivorousfish species to control mosquitoes •Biological treatment-Floating macrophytesand green cover (trees) •Revival of traditional drainage system to replenish lake storage and drain out flood waters
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Legal Framework To Save Lakes 19 September 2014 42 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Legal Framework To Save Lakes Policies for the Conservation of Water bodies Acts/Bills for the Conservation of Water Bodies •The acts that directly concern water pollution (both surface and underground) are The Water Act (1974), The Water CessAct (1977), and The Environment (Protection) Act or EPA (1986). 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 43 The lakes and water bodies of India are directly influenced by a number of legal and regulatory frameworks. •The first National Water Policy was formed in 1987-Revised in 2002 •National Wetland Conservation Programme(NWCP)in 1983-by MoEF •National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) for the conservation of lakes in urban areas-2001 by MoEF •In February 2013, the two programmes NLCP and NWCP has been merged into a single programme called -National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 The Indian Forest Act, 1927 The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone The Water (Prevention and Control Of Pollution) Act, 1977 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Maritime Zones of India (Regulation Of Fishing By Foreign Vessels) Forest Conservation Act, 1980 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 1999 s The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) National Conservation Strategies On Environment & Development The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 Convention on Biological Diversity, June 1992 Bonn Convention on the Conservation Of Migratory Species of Wild Animals International Convention for the Protection of Birds National Water Policy, 2002 National Policy for Hydro Power Development Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wildlife Animals (CMS) Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 19 September 2014 44 Legal Framework To Save Lakes List of Acts/Bills for the Conservation of Water Bodies There are many acts for the conservation of water bodies. However, only a few states in India have passed and implemented bills specifically targeted to the conservation of water bodies.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Rules for the Conservation of Water Bodies Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes •In urban areas, water bodies are owned by land owning agencies •Institutions /agencies responsible for lakes survival and protection Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Environment and Forests Agriculture Ministry Fisheries Ministry and Other local authorities i.e. Municipal Corporations, Development Authorities, Tourism Department, Water Supply Boards etc. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 45 Legal Framework To Save Lakes Rules and legal Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes •Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) has also published rules for the protection the water bodies in India. •Under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 MOEF issued a set rules for conservation and management of wetlands (Wetland Rules, 2010). •However, at present the rules are under review
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 46 Legal Framework To Save Lakes Andhra Pradesh (A.P) State Legislations The Andhra Government’s Water, Land, Tree Act •It empowers state agencies to take steps to protect water bodies and to prevent conversion. The act also requires measures to permanently demarcate the boundaries of the water bodies and to evict and prevent encroachments. The Wetlands (Management and Conservation) Rules, 2010 •Issued by: MOEF exclusively for the protection of urban water bodies •Bans prohibited activities which includes conversion of wetlands for other uses, setting up and expanding industries and dumping untreated waste water and any other activity that will have negative impact on the water bodies. National Lake Conservation Programme (NLCP) •Objective-restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes degraded due to waste water discharge into the lake through an integrated ecosystem approach. •Cost sharing between the Central and the concerned State Government- 70:30. •BanjaraLake (Known as Hameed Khan Kunta) of Hyderabad is presently covered under NLCP.NLCP is sanctioning an amount of Rs. 4.30 crores (from May, 2009) for protection and conservation of this lake The Andhra Pradesh Regularisation of the Unauthorised Constructions in Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Urban Development Authorities Act, 2003 The act denies regularisation of unauthorised constructions on lakes and tank beds.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad 19 September 2014 47 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 Government -Donor Agencies -Local/ International NGOs -General Public
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA), with support from •Municipal corporations, •Municipalities •The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board (HMWSSB), •The Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation, •The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation, •The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, •And other such bodies •Constituted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh in year 2010 under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Commissioner, HMDA •Objective: TO cater to the protection of lakes in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region Function •Listing of all lakes in HMDA •their FTL demarcation •Removal of existing encroachments in the FTL and foreshore areas, •Improvement of the lakes and their catchments •Organising wide publicity and awareness campaign for protection of the lakes. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 48 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes in AP Lake Protection Committee (LPC)
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 49 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies Collection Of Data On Lakes Full Tank Level (FTL) Boundaries Demarcation •HMDA has collated data of 2,857 lakes existing in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR) area •HMDA and GHMC had completed demarcation of full tank level (FTL) boundaries of the 266 lakes of 455 lakes inside the ORR in coordination with irrigation and revenue departments •Demarcation of remaining lakes would be taken up shortly Lake Conservation And Protection •HMDA would take up conservation and protection of 258 lakes, where FTL demarcation was completed, in the first phase. •The GHMC would take up conservation and protection of 128 lakes, HMDA 80 and irrigation department 50. •The shore areas of these water bodies would be beautified and plantation would be taken up. •The NGRI's help would be taken now on identifying inlet and outlet channels and Nalasfor the lakes. Local Lake Protection Cells •Involving stakeholders and local communities be constituted for each lake that will act as watchdogs and give feedback to HUDA. •The sale and registration of lands in the areas covered under notified lakes should be banned. •No development activities should be permitted in these areas, which are to be supervised and controlled by HUDA
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 50 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies Sewage Treatment •Sewage generated in Greater Hyderabad Metropolitan Corporation area ~ 1250 MLD, •Total Sewerage treatment capacity is only 750 MLD. •STPs are treating the dry weather sewage inflows into the lake and discharge the treated water into the lake for the purpose of lake water balance and improve the water quality in the lake Data on STPs Capacity No. of STPs HMWS&SB ~592 MLD 5 STPs HMDA ~40 MLD 9 STPs Hussain SagarLake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP) ~55 MLD 3 STPs Improvements To Storm Water Drainage •By Municipal Corporation •To alleviate the problems of flooding and improve lake connectivity •The improvements proposed •Deepening and Widening of Nallas •Provision of retaining walls at critical sections •Prevention of dumping of waste into the Nallasto prevent clogging. Shifting Polluting Industries From Hyderabad •AP government has decided to shift all the polluting industries operating within the Outer Ring Road (ORR) of Hyderabad city to 45 locations identified outside the ORR.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 51 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad Some of the international agencies funded projects Aid from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), under HussainsagarLake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP) World Bank-assisted project on ‘Capacity Building and Industrial Pollution Management Project’ Some of the international agencies funded projects Other Initiatives Several NGOs, Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations and individuals have been making representations regarding the environmental pollution in the lakes, encroachment incidents and other related protection issues. Several PILs have also been filed in this regard and LokAyuktahas also takenSuo-mottocognisance(take notice of the fact on its own) in several instances
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science CASESTUDIES Lake Reasonsforstudy HussainSagarLake OneofthelargestlakesofHyderabad HighHistoricalandrecreationalValue SituatedattheCentreofthetwincityofHyderabadandSecunderabad AlreadymanystudiesandlakeprotectionandmanagementworkhasbeenundertakenbyGov.ofAPandHMDAunderCatchmentAreaImprovementProject(HCIP)fundedbyJICA HameedKhanKunta(KnownAsBanjaraLake) Ithassufferingfrompollution,Illegalencroachmentsanddumpingofseweragesfromthesurroundingcommercialandresidentialcolonies In2002thelakewasadoptedforrejuvenationundertheNationalLakeConservationProgramme(NLCP)oftheMinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF) NoorMohammedKunta LocatedinKatedanIndustrialArea Highlypollutedduetoindustrialsewage It’sadeadpondandthelakewaterhadturnedintoapink/redcolourduetoindustrialpollutants NMKisthefirstandonlylakeinthecountrytohavebeenidentifiedforcleanupbytheWorldBank-assistedprojecton‘CapacityBuildingandIndustrialPollutionManagementProject’bytheMinistryofEnvironmentandForests 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 52
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 53 Case Study I Hussain SagarLake Built during: 1562 AD (450 years old) Built by: Hussain ShaWalis Basin area: 240 Sq. Km Water spread area -4.7 sq.km. and Shoreline Length -14 kms Purpose of building: to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city. In the past 30 years, the lake has shrunk more than 50 % of its original size (550 ha to 240 ha). The quality of water in the lake has gradually deteriorated mainly due to the continual entry of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluent. Otherreasonsofpollutionare •Cattlewashing,vehiclewashing,dumpingofdomesticsolidwastealongtheshorelineaswellastheimmersionoflargenumbersofGaneshandDurgaIdolsduringfestivals •Due to the eutrophication (overloading of nitrates and phosphates), algal blooms and bad odour, the water body is not conducive for drinking water, recreation & pisci-culture. •The water from Lake Hussain Sagaris now used for horticultural purposes after treatment. The main threat to the lake is encroachment by both private and public agencies STATUS OF LAKE It has recently been developed into a tourist centre by HUDA
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 54 Standard Vs. Existing water quality of Hussain SagarLake Parameter Units Standard/Prescribed Limit (Class-B, CPCB) Existing Quality pH 6.5-8.5 7.4 Colour Hazen Unit < 300 50 Turbidity NTU 41 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l > 5 2.3 Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/l 14 Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/l 2 Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 52 Volatile Suspension mg/l Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 90 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l < 3 30 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 500 >1600 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 200 Fluorine (as F) mg/l < 1.5 Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.2 Source: BudhaPurnimaProject, Hyderabad Case Study I Hussain SagarLake MAJOR SOURCE OF POLLUTION NalasenteringHussainSagarLake No. Name Domesticsewage 4 Balkapur,Banjara, Kukatpally,Picket ToxicIndustrialChemicals 1 Kukatpally MunicipalsolidWaste(MSW) 4 Balkapur,Banjara, Kukatpally,Picket The quantum of sewage flowing through these Nalasto lake are approximately 150 MLD AmountofSewagetreatedthrough3STPslocatedinBalkapur,KukatpallyandPicketis55MLD The sewage water is treated by these 3 STPs under HCIPand treated water is released into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired level
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 55 Case Study I Hussain SagarLake HussainsagarLake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP) •LedbyHMDAtoimprovethequalityofHussainSagarLake. •AidfromtheJapanInternationalCooperationAgency(JICA),withanestimatedcostofRs.310crores. Theprojecthasfiveelements.Theyare: •treatmentofinflows, •improvementinqualityoflakewater, •protectionoflakesandnalasincatchmentareas, •publicawarenessandstakeholderparticipation, •shorelinecleaningandremovaloffloatingmaterial. ToimproveLakeEcosystem InstallationofFountainstoincreaseDO, Desilting,Dredging, Removalofaquaticweeds(WaterHyacinth) Topreventencroachment FTLboundarydemarcation, Fencing,Bundroadformation, Plantationonthesurrounding ConstitutionofEnforcementcell ToImproverecreationactivities Beautificationaroundlake, Dischargeoftreatedwaterintothelake. TopreventLakePollution ConstructionandRehabilitationofSewerageFacilities Organizepublicawarenesscampaigns PreventpollutionthroughdomesticandcommercialactivitiesnearLakeShore. MeasuresbeingfollowedtoimprovethequalityofHussainSagarLakeunderHCIP Hussain Sagarhas recently been developed into a tourist centre by the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority (HUDA)
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 56 Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta(Known As BanjaraLake) Man made tank (4.17 ha) with a maximum depth of 5.0m (average 3.0 m) Built in: 1930 Built by: royal elites located in the lake boundaries BanjaraLake is surrounded by apartment complexes on its north, a commercial complex and TajBanjarahotel on the south, and some slums and a graveyard on the west. STATUS OF LAKE Suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of sewerages from the surrounding commercial and residential colonies It receives about 1.5 MLD sewage discharged by three upstream colonies namely Udainagar, Gowrishankarand AmbedkarColony, with a total population of 9950 Theupstreampartofthelakeiscloggedbywaterhyacinthandgarbage. Decline in water quality resulting into eutrophication and algal blooms Excessive foul smell emanating from the lake makes the lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 57 Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta(Known As BanjaraLake) The lake has shrunk over the years due to encroachments and dumping of sewage Garbage Dumping at lake site Shrinking Lake-Hamid Khan Kunta Regularwastedumpingresultingintocloggingandcontamination Heapsofplasticspiledonthewaterbodyposeathreattotheslumchildrenwhoventureintowaterbodyfordefecation. InitiativesTakenup •In2002thelakewasadoptedforrejuvenationundertheNationalLakeConservationProgrammeoftheMinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF). •Sincethenalmost2coreshasbeenspentinrehabilitationandrejuvenationoftheLakewithlimitedsuccess. •TheAndhraPradeshTourismDevelopmentCorporationLtd(APTDC)inassociationwithTajGVK,situatedinthelakeprecinct,hasdevelopedaconservationandmanagementplan.Topreventfurtherpollutionoflake http://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdf http://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdf
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 58 Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta(NMK) located on NH –7 in the Shivrampallyvillage, Water spread:27 acres The lake is near KattedanIndustrial Estate (KIE) in Rajendranagar, being surrounded by textile mills, edible oil mills and other chemical units (in KatedanIndustrial Area). STATUS OF LAKE Pollutants coming from industry has turned the water of lake into a pink/ red colour. The NMK has been dead since years due to heavy inflow of industrial wastes. •NMK site was heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals, organics, and inorganics and had been identified as a ‘hot spot’. •Both KIE residents and workers were exposed to health hazards •Due to pollution residents are migrating from the lake into the research field of the Agricultural University of Hyderabad are located downstream •Water of NMK Lake flows downstream into a system of interlinked lakes and finally pollutes the Mir AlamTank. IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY Indian express, published on 27th March 2013 http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/World-Bank-funds-for-Remediation-Project-of-Noor-Mohammed-Kunta-Lake-33650.html
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 59 Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta(NMK) LAKE CONSERVATION INITIATIVES Capacity Building and Industrial Pollution Management Project Funder: TheWorldBank Project implementer: Consortium of Witteveen+Bos, Tauw, COWI A/S and KadamEnvironmental Consultants, under the name of Pollution Control Board Consultants (PCBC) Project Timeline NMKisthefirstandonlylakeinthecountrytohavebeenidentifiedforcleanupbytheWorldBank- assistedprojecton‘CapacityBuildingandIndustrialPollutionManagementProject’bytheMoEFandapprovedbytheCabinetCommitteeonEconomicAffairsin2010. HUDA took up the construction of a sewage treatment plant (STP) for treatment of domestic sewage generated in the catchment area. The work was completed in the month of January 2009 with an expenditure of Rs. 6.95 crores. Remediation works were supposed to start In September 2013 The first phase will be completed by March 2014 The second phase will be completed by 2015-end.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 60 PROPOSEDREMEDIATIONMETHODS Removaloftoxicsediments ConstructionofasedimenttrapisrecommendedattheinletofthedrainsfromKIEtothelakeNMK. Notonlythelakeshouldberemediated,alsothesedimentofstagnantwatersandopendrainsinKIEwillhavetoberemediatedinordertocleantheenvironment. Allhighlytoxicsedimentswouldbedredgedout, dewateredandcontainedwithintubesofgeo-textile. WasteRemoval Wasteshouldberemovedfromtheopen(hillock)spacestopreventandstopongoingdispersionoftoxicsubstancestotheenvironment. InKIEabout3,500m3oftemporarilystoredwastewillbecollectedanddisposedtoanoff-sitelandfillforMunicipalSolidWaste. Behavioural-basedmitigationmeasures Sinceitisnotpossibletoremovealltopsoilfromtheindustrialplotsandtheopenspaces,itisrecommendedonlytopreventfurtherpollutionofthesite Takingbehavioural-basedmitigationmeasureswillhelpinreductionofleadandchromiumhealthrisksviasoilingestion Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta(NMK)
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science . Application Of Geo-Textile Tubes . 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 61 Filling,Dewateringandrefilling Thesludgeispumpedintothetubes,andthedewateringbegins Thetubeisleftaloneforaperiodoftimeuntilithasdewateredenoughsothatmoresludgecanbepumpedintoit. Therefillingcanbedoneasmanytimesasnecessary. Disposal Onceithasbeendeterminedthatthedewateringprocesshasaccomplishedthetubescanbecutopenandthesolidscanbeappropriatelydisposedoff.
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science WayForward Strategic integrated management action plans and effective coordination between the different stakeholders The national and state policies in respect of water and environment need to be integrated Standards for lake and reservoir management have to be framed. Restoration project needs to give emphasis on the restoration of the catchments of lakes. Stakeholder participation and capacity building -an important instrument for better management of water bodies. Active involvement of all the stakeholders like Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations, Education Institutions, Health organizations, NGOs and other agencies etc. –for speedy completion of the mandated works regarding Lake Protection and to ensure the sustainability of project 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 62
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 63 Acknowledgements I am heartily thankful to- •Dr.T.V. Ramachandra, Centre for Continuing Education, Indian Institute of Science (IISc.) Bangalore, for assigning me with the dissertation project on “Status of Lakes in Hyderabad” as part of the Environmental Management Course (2013-14). •Dr.Rajendra Prasad Khajuria, Member environment-HMDA, Dr.M.J. Nandan, Sr. Scientist & Head, PME -CSIR-NGRI, Mr.K. Srinivas, Technical Officer (QAT), HMWSSB for spending their valuable time and support in conceptualizing this study. •Mr. Satheesh Arjilli, AVP, BASICS Ltd. for his guidance and continuous support. •People who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project
Dissertation Project Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Thank You 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 64

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Status of lakes in Hyderabad-Dec 2013

  • 1.
    Status of lakesin Hyderabad Presented By: Nisha Kumari, Environment Management, (Session-2013-14) Indian Institute of Science (IISc.), Bangalore
  • 2.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Content •Introduction (Objective of the project, Methodology, Study Area) •Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance •Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad •Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad •Effect Of Lake Degradation •Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad •Legal Framework To Save Lakes •Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad •Case Studies •Way Forward •Acknowledgements 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 2
  • 3.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Introduction •The Hyderabad city, founded in 1591 on the banks of river “Musi” •Geographical location of Hyderabad is 17.366°N Latitude and 78.476°E Longitude. •The city is situated at an attitude of 536 meters (1607 ft.) above sea level. •The city lies in the Deccan Plateau, houses multiple lakes and large water tanks •Since the twin city (Secunderabadand Hyderabad) were built on a rocky terrain, the potential for using groundwater is limited. •The cities are dependent on surface water (lakes) •But from last few decades, the water bodies are shrinking and disappearing. •Their revival is an indispensable component for providing water security to the city. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 3
  • 4.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •The objective of the project is “to study status of lakes in Hyderabad” •Sub Objectives of the project is to find out: Historical, socio-economical and ecological importance of lakes in Hyderabad Present Status of Lakes in Hyderabad Problems faced by lakes in Hyderabad Effect of Lake Degradation in Hyderabad Strategies for Protection of lakes in Hyderabad Legal framework to save lakes Initiatives towards protection and revival of Water Bodies of Hyderabad 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 4 Introduction Objective of the project
  • 5.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science SECONDARY RESEARCH •Secondary data was collected from various websites and existing literatures. •Some of the sources referred HMDA website (http://www.hmda.gov.in/) Soul website (http://www.soulhyd.org/). Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation SaciWaters Centre for Science and Environment India Ministry of Environment & Forests •National and local news papers PRIMARY RESEARCH •Qualitative data was collected through interaction with experts. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 5 Introduction Research Methodology
  • 6.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA) jurisdiction •Area 7,257 sq. km. •Hyderabad –the capital city of Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest growing cosmopolitan metropolitan cities in India. •Considering area of the city, it is disproportionately larger than any urban Centre in the state. •With an increase in service sector base, in the city, there is a consequent increase in the population. Hyderabad recorded rapid population growth in the last few decades. •It is ranked as sixth largest and one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities of India. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 6 Introduction Study Area
  • 7.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Area of jurisdiction Area GHMC (Inside Outer Ring Road) 650 sq. km HUDA 1905 sq. Km HMDA (Area including outside Ring Road) 7,257 sq. km 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 7 HYDERABAD-ADMINISTRATIVE AREA Source: http://www.hmda.gov.in/images/map.jpg
  • 8.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) growth trend-AP Population Growth Trend in GHMC 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 8 Introduction Rapid urbanisation, industrialisation and population growth in Hyderabad 1.80 2.55 3.06 3.64 6.81 41.80% 20.20% 18.90% 87.20% 0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 100.00% - 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 Yr. 1971 Yr. 1981 Yr. 1991 Yr. 2001 Yr. 2011 Population Growth-GHMC Population (Mn.) Growth in % 1,69,328 2,05,239 2,50,169 3,00,384 3,55,368 4,22,541 - 50,000 1,00,000 1,50,000 2,00,000 2,50,000 3,00,000 3,50,000 4,00,000 4,50,000 GDDP Growth-AP GDDP (Rs. In Mn.) Linear (GDDP (Rs. In Mn.)) Sourcs:http://www.ap.gov.in/Other%20Docs/STATE%20ECONOMY.pdf Source:http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/hyderabad- population.html
  • 9.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 9 Lakes In Hyderabad And Their Importance Historical importance Socio-Economic Importance Ecological Importance
  • 10.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Many big tanks were built by the rulers to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city •Many big tanks were built by the QutubShahirulers (1534-1724 A.D.) and later by the AsafJahirulers (1724-1948) in and around Hyderabad city. •Some of the big tanks built during those periods are Hussain Sagar, Mir Alam, Afzal Sagar, Jalpalli, Ma-SehabaTank, TalabKatta, Osmansagarand Himayatsagaretc. (RekhaRani, 1999). •Most of the big tanks were constructed by the former rulers or ministers whereas the minor tanks were built by zamindars. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 10 Importance of Lakes Historical Importance
  • 11.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 11 Importance of Lakes Historical Importance Some of the famous lakes built during QutubShahirulers (1534-1724 A.D.) Hussain Sagar •Was built in 1562 by Sultan Ibrahim KutbShah •Most famous and historic lake •First drinking water source for the two cities •A major spot of tourist attractions. MaSaheba tank (Presently known as Masab Tank) •Built in 1624 A.D. to meet water requirements of the general public Saroornagar Lake is known to have been built in 1624 •Built in 1624 with an area of about 5 sq. kms. in the eastern part of the city. •It is the main water body in the eastern sector of the city. Some of the famous lakes built during AsafJahirulers (1724-1948) The Mir Alamtank, •Constructed in 1806, by French engineers during the reign of Mir Akbar Ali Khan Sikander Jah Asif Jah III, the third Nizam of Hyderabad state •Supplying plenty of water to the city and the suburbs Osman Sagar lake- constructed in 1920 •It was created in 1920 by damming the MusiRiver •It was built to provide water for the twin cities as well as to save them from floods. •The lake was named after the last Nizramof Hyderabad, Osman Ali Khan, who also had it built
  • 12.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Source of drinking water •Sustain traditional urban livelihoods •Source of revenue for statethrough eco-tourism and water based Recreation Centres. •Improve aesthetics of the cityand offer scope for nature study 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 12 Importance of Lakes Socio-Economic Importance
  • 13.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Lakes play a very vital role in local hydrology. Some of the ecological importance of lakes are as follows: Lakes contribute significant recharge of ground water and rainwater conservation Lakes of Hyderabad hold good recreation values and are nesting grounds for the migratory birdsthat pass by Hyderabad every winter. Lakes are great repository of biodiversity including flora and fauna Support aquatic life Regulates and enhance micro-climatic conditions, Keeps local weather conditions in balance and surrounding cool Ecological indicator Urban flood mitigating structure-Regulates flood waters and minimize economic loss due to flooding Contribute towards natural remediation of waste waters. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 13 Importance of Lakes Ecological Importance
  • 14.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Present Status Of Lakes In Hyderabad 19 September 2014 14 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 Population growth and industrialization lead to Encroachments and shrinking of lakes in Hyderabad
  • 15.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science According to a study conducted by NGRI Hyderabad (Using remote sensing data obtained from the National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA)) •Hyderabad's growth in the last three decades has come at the cost of 375 lakes going extinct •The HUDA area is having only 531 lakes as compared to the 906 it had in 1982. •A majority of lakes (268 lakes) have vanished between 2002 and 2012. •Of the existent lakes, 267 have a spread of less than five hectares, 108 have a spread less than 10 hectares and The remaining 156 lakes measure more than 10 hectares 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 15 Present Status Shrinking lakes over few decades Satellite map of HUDA showing Shrinking of no. of lakes over last 3 decades: Lake Spread 1982 1992 2002 2012 5 Hectare 593 534 492 267 5-10 Hectare 160 146 140 108 more than 10 hectares 153 196 167 156 Source: EenaduDistrict Edition, Hyderabad; Article Name-ChivarikiMigilindi(At final what you have), 1stoct2013
  • 16.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •All the lakes of Hyderabad are in varying degrees of environmental degradation. •According to a concerted exercise by the Lake Protection Committee (LPC) the identified no. of lakes in HMDA are as follows: 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 16 Present Status Data on lakes in Hyderabad Lakes identified by HMDA in Hyderabad (jurisdiction-wise) Areaofjurisdiction Area No.ofLakes GHMC(InsideOuterRingRoad) 650sq.km 455 HUDA 1905sq.Km 531 HMDA(AreaincludingoutsideRingRoad) 7,257sq.km 2857 District Wise Abstract of Lakes Identified in HMDA Area Districts No of Water Bodies InsideORR OutsideORR Total Hyderabad 23 0 23 MahaboobNagar 0 133 133 Medak 44 1278 1322 Nalgonda 0 218 218 Ranga Reddy 388 773 1161 Total 455 2402 2857
  • 17.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 17 Present Status Present status of some of the water bodies Waterbody Whatitistoday MirJumlaTank Convertedtoslum MaasaabcheruvuandRamathpuracheruvu Convertedtoaneffluentcolony YusufgudaandBatakammakunta Garbagedumpinggrounds SahebnagarcheruvuvinHayathnagarMandal OccupiedbyinfluentialpoliticiansandlayoutsforHUDA GopicheruvuatGacchiBowlinearoldBombayroad ConvertedtotownshipbyDyoncompany Kanchanbagcheruvu Filledupandahospitalhascomeup. SomefactsaboutwaterbodiesinHyderabad 3,245hectaresoflakeareawaslostbetween1989and2001(AnjalPrakash,executivedirectorofSaciwaters) Besidesthelargewaterbodies,numeroussmallwaterbodiesintheperiurbanzonesalsoshrunk,whenthecityunderwentawaveofrealestategrowth(RamachandraiahandPrasad2008). Peoplehavemanagedtodestroycloseto50percentofthewetlandsinthecityinlast3decades Researchbasedonsatelliteimageryshowswaterbodiescoverageinthecityhasreducedfrom2.5%to1.5%. TheFamousHussainSagarLake,MirAlamTankwhichservedasasourceofdrinkingwaterduringtheNizam’stimehasbeencompletelypolluted.
  • 18.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 18 Present Status Categorisation of water bodies based on present status Still used as sources of drinking water and have recreational potential In progressive stages of degradation and can be rehabilitated Totally reclaimed and lost forever Osman Sagar Himayat Sagar SwaroopnagarLake, Mir AlamTank, Hussain Sagar; Shameerpetlakes, Noor Mohammed Kunta Mir JumlaTank, Ma SahabTank and BatkammaKunta Categorisation Lakes
  • 19.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Status of some of the lakes of Hyderabad 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 19 Hamid Khan Kunta, also known as TajBanjaraLake, has been encroached. Garbage Dumping at Hameed Khan KuntaSite The polluted waters of the Hussain SagarLake in Hyderabad raising a stink.
  • 20.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 20 Problems Faced By Lakes In Hyderabad Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14
  • 21.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 21 Problems Faced By Lakes Major factors lead to degradation of lakes in Hyderabad Lake pollution Shrinking of lake Lake Degradation Rapid Urbanisation And Encroachment Encroachment of lake area, violating urban development norms Soil Erosion and siltation due to encroachment Degradation of lake inlet and outlet Continuous flow of untreated waste water Sewerage water (Industrial and domestic effluent) is diverted in the lakes which leads to pollution, ground water contamination and diseases Dumping of debris and garbage Washing of clothes in lakes Invasive weeds Heavy siltation and pollution due to idol immersion Lack of knowledge and understanding urban watersheds & hydrology
  • 22.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 22 Factors contributing towards degradation of water bodies of Hyderabad Level 1 •Population Growth •Urbanisation •Industrial Growth Level 2 •Increased concretization •Encroachment •Reduced greenery of the city •Dumping of untreated sewagein the lakes •Idol immersion •Dumping of debris and garbage Level 3 •Soil Erosion •Silting of Lakes •Degradation of lake inlet and outlet •Invasive weed Lake Degradation
  • 23.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 23 Major factors subsequently causing shrinking of lakes at various stages Urbanization/ industralization Population Growth Rapid Concretization Encroachment of Lake area Siltation Blockage of lake inlet and outlet, Reduced lake area Reduced water carrying capacity of lake and infilteration Shrinking and disappearing lakes Water Crisis, Inundation
  • 24.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 24 Factors causing pollution of lakes at various stage Urbanization/ industralization Population Growth Increased Industrial and domestic effluent / Garbage Sewage water diverted in the lakes/ Garbage Dumping Siltation/ lake Pollution Lake Pollution ground water contamination and diseases Scarcity of clean drinking water
  • 25.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Reasons of encroachment •City growth, industrial and urban spread •Housing colonies are being constructed in dried lakes. •According to the govt. rules, if the lakes do not receive water for three consecutive years and the lake remains dry, then the lake area comes under the jurisdiction of the Revenue Department. •Non implementation of building regulations and pollution control laws LAKESCONNECTIVITYANDTHEIRROLEINPREVENTINGINUNDATION Lakeinletandoutlettoregulateitsflow.Abiglakeisencompassedbyits’largecatchmentareawhichcontainsanumberofsmalllakes& ponds.Thesesmalllakesandpondsareusuallyinterconnectedwitheachotheralongwithbiglakewhichhelpstomaintainthehydrologyoftheselakes.TheinterconnectingstructuresmaybetheNalasorStormWaterDrains. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 25 Problems Faced By Lakes Rapid UrbanisationAnd Encroachment ENCROACHMENTOFWATERCHANNELS Ifencroachmentoccursalongwiththesenalas/waterchannels,thenitwillresultinrestrictedflowofwaterwhichultimatelyresultsinfloodduringbigstormevents. Further,theestablishmentsalongthenala/Waterchannelsdischargestheirsewageandindustrialeffluentdirectlyintothemwhichultimatelypolluteslakewater.Apartfromthat,directdisposalofSolidWastesbyestablishmentalongthenalas,alsocausespollutionandobstructstheflowinhydraulicstructureslikeInterception& Diversions,sewerlines,STPsetc.
  • 26.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Industrial And Domestic Effluent •Lake Foreshore attracts real estate business for its scenic value; leading direct discharge of untreated municipal and industrial waste waters. •Almost 80% of Hyderabad's untreated sewage gets dumped into the city's lakes •Hence the city's drinking water (Manjeera) now demonstrates an alarmingly high presence of excreta. •municipalitiessurrounding Hyderabad discharge all the waste into drains and water bodies •Pharmaceutical hub at Patancheruthat releases a huge amount of chemical waste into the city's water sources Solid Waste Dumping •Water bodies are being used as debris dumping site. •Regular dumping of huge amount of solid waste near lake area causes clogging and contamination, makes lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents. •The HUA generates around 3379 tons of solid waste every day 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 26 Problems Faced By Lakes 66% 8% 3% 4% 15% 2% 1% 1% Share of Solid Waste Generation-Hyderabad House Hold – Domestic Street Sweepings & Drain Cleanings Hotels andRestaurants Markets Shops, CommercialEstablishments Hospitals, clinics Construction waste Industrial Waste(Non-Hazardous) Source: Centre for Environmental Studies, JNTU, Hyderabad
  • 27.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Storm Water Drainage •Natural and man-made drains and water bodies ultimately discharge surface run- off into lakes and pollute them. •The nalasare the major carriers of storm water finally disposing into the river and water bodies in the catchment. Idol Immersion During Ganesh Chaturthi •Several thousands of idols immersion in lakes every year during Ganesh Chaturtjiand DurgaPuja. •The idols decorated with non-biodegradable products containing heavy metals like mercury and lead which are extremely dangerous to the ecosystem. •According to the study, the immersion of Ganesh and Durgaidols has polluted the lake resulting in vector transmitted diseases and lose of biodiversity and aquatic plants. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 27 Problems Faced By Lakes Over50,000GaneshidolsofvarioussizesaretobeimmersedintheHussainSagarlake,themajorwaterbodyinthecity, andabout20otherlakesintheotherpartsofHyderabadanditssuburbs.TheHindu-18thSep2013 •In addition to storm water discharge these drains are also being used to discharge sullageand septic tank overflows
  • 28.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Effect of lake degradation 19 September 2014 28 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14
  • 29.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 29 Effect Of Lake Degradation Changes In Local Hydrology Increased rain water runoff and drinking water crisis Increased instances of water logging and flooding Rising temperatures due to vanishing water bodies. Alters Local Weather Conditions Groundwater contamination due to lake pollution Loss of traditional livelihoods-fishing and washing Loss of recreational opportunities Air pollution due to release of volatile gases and foul smell Loss of aesthetics Economic loss due to flooding Loss of aquatic species
  • 30.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 30 Effect Of Lake Degradation Changes In Local Hydrology Sl. No. Lakedegradation/Factors EffectonhydrologyofHyderabad 1 Rapidsiltationoflakes Reducedno.ofwaterbodies Lossofrainwaterretentioncapacityinlakes Increasedrain/stormwaterrunoff Reducedgroundwaterrecharge DepletionofSurfaceandgroundwaterresources 2 Encroachmentsonnaturalnalas/ streamsandlakebedareas. Temperinginflowandoutflowchannels Inundations/Flooding
  • 31.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Lakes help in recharging aquifers and store the rain water. •In Hyderabad ground water level has depleted due to loss of water bodies •Hyderabad is facing water crisis in several areas. •Hyderabad’s early water sources -the Hussain Sagar, Osman Sagarand HimayatSagar •The other important sources of water were the Musiand Manjirarivers. •River Musiis no longer a water source owing to heavy pollution. •Local self-reliance of water –breaks down •Local water body sources –replaced by distant rivers – Krishna, Godavari, Manjeera •Consequences –expensive, larger eco-footprints 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 31 Effect Of Lake Degradation Increased Rain Water Runoff And Drinking Water Crisis WaterdemandandsupplyinHMDAarea Water Demand Total water demand as per city agency (HMWSSB) 1,300 MLD Per capita water demand as per HMWSSB 187 LPCD Sources And Supply Water sources Surface* and groundwater Water sourced from surface sources 88% Water sourced from groundwater 12% Total water supplied 930 MLD Per capita supply 134 LPCD Leakage loss 40% Actual supply (after deducting leakage losses) 558 MLD Per capita supply (after leakage losses) 80 LPCD Population served by water supply system 70% Per capita supply in the served area 114 LPCD Demand-supply gap (after leakage losses) 742 MLD Source:Anon2011,71-CityWater-ExcretaSurvey,2005-06,CentreforScienceandEnvironment,NewDelhi Around 70% of HMDA is covered by formal water supply –rest of the areas depend on GW
  • 32.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 32 Hyderabad Water Supply Only two lakes of Hyderabad Osman Sagarand HimayatSagarare used for drinking water due to: •High water storage capacity and •Less pollution by the catchment activities Source: Hyderabad Water-Waste Portraits -Centre for Science and Environment India
  • 33.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 33 Effect Of Lake Degradation Increased Instances Of Water Logging And Flooding MasabTank •Situated at the southern foothill limit of BanjaraHills •Converted into a thickly populated residential-cum- commercial area. •The downstream side of this tank has been totally converted to residential areas such as VijayaNagar Colony and Shanti Nagar. •During rainy season-there is a problem of waterlogging and flooding Many water tanks Hyderabad have been encroached and converted into residential and commercial areas Natural flow of the lake streams are blocked, resulted in waterlogging and flooding August2000FloodinHyderabadCity •Wettest spell in 92 years due to heavy downpour of rain. •Many of the low-lying areas in Hyderabad were inundated. •The severity of flooding was due to a Blockage of natural stream leads and reduction in the carrying capacity of lakes and water channels Waterlogging hotspots during the recent rains, as recorded by Hyderabad. Traffic Police
  • 34.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science •Polluted lake causes vector transmitted diseases •Causes health hazards in neighborhood. •Fish caught from the polluted lake over a period of time is leading to serious diseases. •The toxic substances can trigger chronic ailments. •When organic compounds of mercury enter human body, they concentrate in the brain and destroy the cells which control the central nervous system. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 34 Effect Of Lake Degradation Health Hazards Dead fish float in the waters at DurgamCheruvudue to high levels of pollution in the lake.
  • 35.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Need for Lake Conservation •To harvests Rainwater and supplement shortfall of water supply need of Hyderabad •To reduce the waterlogging event and flood risk by interconnecting the lakes •To improve the heath condition of people living in the lake surrounding •Enhance biodiversity in and around the lakes •Increase economic activities through ecotourism/ recreational opportunities at lake 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 35
  • 36.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Strategies For Protection Of Lakes In Hyderabad 19 September 2014 36 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 Lake Protection Lake management Lake restoration Three prong strategy
  • 37.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 37 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Protection Preventing encroachment (mud, garbage dumping) Demarcation and identification of Lake Boundaries and Full Tank Level Demarcating the boundary of the water body by wire fencing or boulders to prevent further encroachment into the lake beds. Formation of peripheral bund along the shoreline of the lakes
  • 38.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 38 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Management Construction of Sewage Treatment Plants for treating sewage and letting the treated water into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired level. Restoration of inflow and outflow channels Diversion of sewer to direct sewage and take in the monsoon water runoff to the lake. Separating storm water/ other wastewater from the rain water Encouraging management and handling of municipal solid waste
  • 39.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 39 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Management Beautification of lake bund by landscaping and plantation Plantation on the surrounding to prevent soil erosion Increasing community vigilance and participation Reducing pollution through idol immersion-Green GaneshaDrive Environmental education and awareness oTrainingandcapacitybuildingoftheCommunityaroundthelake oEnhancingvisitor&studentawarenessaboutthenaturalandculturalheritagevalueofthelake
  • 40.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 40 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Restoration Source Control Treatment of watershed or catchment of lakes In lake treatment Measures under taken to improve quality of lake water
  • 41.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 41 Lake Conservation strategies Lake Restoration Source Control •Soil conservation measures, •Bank/Slope erosion control measures, •Afforestation, •Drainage improvements, •Diversion of silt carrying channels away from the lake, •Control of sewage wastes, •Sewage interceptions and diversions and •Participation of people in watershed In lake treatment •De-silting the lake bed by dredging •Pollution level control-through bioremediation and surface aeration processes. •Reviving the screen barriers and silt-traps for inlet channels •De-weeding/hyacinth control or removal (biological, chemical, mechanical and manual measures, bio-composting) •Composite fish culture/ larvivorousfish species to control mosquitoes •Biological treatment-Floating macrophytesand green cover (trees) •Revival of traditional drainage system to replenish lake storage and drain out flood waters
  • 42.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Legal Framework To Save Lakes 19 September 2014 42 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14
  • 43.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Legal Framework To Save Lakes Policies for the Conservation of Water bodies Acts/Bills for the Conservation of Water Bodies •The acts that directly concern water pollution (both surface and underground) are The Water Act (1974), The Water CessAct (1977), and The Environment (Protection) Act or EPA (1986). 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 43 The lakes and water bodies of India are directly influenced by a number of legal and regulatory frameworks. •The first National Water Policy was formed in 1987-Revised in 2002 •National Wetland Conservation Programme(NWCP)in 1983-by MoEF •National Lake Conservation Plan (NLCP) for the conservation of lakes in urban areas-2001 by MoEF •In February 2013, the two programmes NLCP and NWCP has been merged into a single programme called -National Plan for Conservation of Aquatic Eco-systems
  • 44.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 The Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 The Indian Forest Act, 1927 The Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone The Water (Prevention and Control Of Pollution) Act, 1977 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 The Maritime Zones of India (Regulation Of Fishing By Foreign Vessels) Forest Conservation Act, 1980 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Coastal Zone Regulation (CRZ) Notification Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 1999 s The Convention on Wetlands (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) National Conservation Strategies On Environment & Development The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 Convention on Biological Diversity, June 1992 Bonn Convention on the Conservation Of Migratory Species of Wild Animals International Convention for the Protection of Birds National Water Policy, 2002 National Policy for Hydro Power Development Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wildlife Animals (CMS) Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 19 September 2014 44 Legal Framework To Save Lakes List of Acts/Bills for the Conservation of Water Bodies There are many acts for the conservation of water bodies. However, only a few states in India have passed and implemented bills specifically targeted to the conservation of water bodies.
  • 45.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Rules for the Conservation of Water Bodies Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes •In urban areas, water bodies are owned by land owning agencies •Institutions /agencies responsible for lakes survival and protection Ministry of Water Resources Ministry of Environment and Forests Agriculture Ministry Fisheries Ministry and Other local authorities i.e. Municipal Corporations, Development Authorities, Tourism Department, Water Supply Boards etc. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 45 Legal Framework To Save Lakes Rules and legal Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes •Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) has also published rules for the protection the water bodies in India. •Under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 MOEF issued a set rules for conservation and management of wetlands (Wetland Rules, 2010). •However, at present the rules are under review
  • 46.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 46 Legal Framework To Save Lakes Andhra Pradesh (A.P) State Legislations The Andhra Government’s Water, Land, Tree Act •It empowers state agencies to take steps to protect water bodies and to prevent conversion. The act also requires measures to permanently demarcate the boundaries of the water bodies and to evict and prevent encroachments. The Wetlands (Management and Conservation) Rules, 2010 •Issued by: MOEF exclusively for the protection of urban water bodies •Bans prohibited activities which includes conversion of wetlands for other uses, setting up and expanding industries and dumping untreated waste water and any other activity that will have negative impact on the water bodies. National Lake Conservation Programme (NLCP) •Objective-restore and conserve the urban and semi-urban lakes degraded due to waste water discharge into the lake through an integrated ecosystem approach. •Cost sharing between the Central and the concerned State Government- 70:30. •BanjaraLake (Known as Hameed Khan Kunta) of Hyderabad is presently covered under NLCP.NLCP is sanctioning an amount of Rs. 4.30 crores (from May, 2009) for protection and conservation of this lake The Andhra Pradesh Regularisation of the Unauthorised Constructions in Municipal Corporations, Municipalities and Urban Development Authorities Act, 2003 The act denies regularisation of unauthorised constructions on lakes and tank beds.
  • 47.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Major Initiatives Towards Lake Conservation In Hyderabad 19 September 2014 47 Back Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 Government -Donor Agencies -Local/ International NGOs -General Public
  • 48.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science The Hyderabad Metropolitan Development Authority (HMDA), with support from •Municipal corporations, •Municipalities •The Hyderabad Metropolitan Water Supply & Sewerage Board (HMWSSB), •The Andhra Pradesh Transmission Corporation, •The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation, •The Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation, •And other such bodies •Constituted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh in year 2010 under the chairmanship of Metropolitan Commissioner, HMDA •Objective: TO cater to the protection of lakes in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region Function •Listing of all lakes in HMDA •their FTL demarcation •Removal of existing encroachments in the FTL and foreshore areas, •Improvement of the lakes and their catchments •Organising wide publicity and awareness campaign for protection of the lakes. 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 48 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies Authorities for the Conservation of Lakes in AP Lake Protection Committee (LPC)
  • 49.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 49 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies Collection Of Data On Lakes Full Tank Level (FTL) Boundaries Demarcation •HMDA has collated data of 2,857 lakes existing in the Hyderabad Metropolitan Region (HMR) area •HMDA and GHMC had completed demarcation of full tank level (FTL) boundaries of the 266 lakes of 455 lakes inside the ORR in coordination with irrigation and revenue departments •Demarcation of remaining lakes would be taken up shortly Lake Conservation And Protection •HMDA would take up conservation and protection of 258 lakes, where FTL demarcation was completed, in the first phase. •The GHMC would take up conservation and protection of 128 lakes, HMDA 80 and irrigation department 50. •The shore areas of these water bodies would be beautified and plantation would be taken up. •The NGRI's help would be taken now on identifying inlet and outlet channels and Nalasfor the lakes. Local Lake Protection Cells •Involving stakeholders and local communities be constituted for each lake that will act as watchdogs and give feedback to HUDA. •The sale and registration of lands in the areas covered under notified lakes should be banned. •No development activities should be permitted in these areas, which are to be supervised and controlled by HUDA
  • 50.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 50 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad By State Governing Bodies Sewage Treatment •Sewage generated in Greater Hyderabad Metropolitan Corporation area ~ 1250 MLD, •Total Sewerage treatment capacity is only 750 MLD. •STPs are treating the dry weather sewage inflows into the lake and discharge the treated water into the lake for the purpose of lake water balance and improve the water quality in the lake Data on STPs Capacity No. of STPs HMWS&SB ~592 MLD 5 STPs HMDA ~40 MLD 9 STPs Hussain SagarLake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP) ~55 MLD 3 STPs Improvements To Storm Water Drainage •By Municipal Corporation •To alleviate the problems of flooding and improve lake connectivity •The improvements proposed •Deepening and Widening of Nallas •Provision of retaining walls at critical sections •Prevention of dumping of waste into the Nallasto prevent clogging. Shifting Polluting Industries From Hyderabad •AP government has decided to shift all the polluting industries operating within the Outer Ring Road (ORR) of Hyderabad city to 45 locations identified outside the ORR.
  • 51.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 51 Lake Conservation Initiatives-Hyderabad Some of the international agencies funded projects Aid from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), under HussainsagarLake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP) World Bank-assisted project on ‘Capacity Building and Industrial Pollution Management Project’ Some of the international agencies funded projects Other Initiatives Several NGOs, Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations and individuals have been making representations regarding the environmental pollution in the lakes, encroachment incidents and other related protection issues. Several PILs have also been filed in this regard and LokAyuktahas also takenSuo-mottocognisance(take notice of the fact on its own) in several instances
  • 52.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science CASESTUDIES Lake Reasonsforstudy HussainSagarLake OneofthelargestlakesofHyderabad HighHistoricalandrecreationalValue SituatedattheCentreofthetwincityofHyderabadandSecunderabad AlreadymanystudiesandlakeprotectionandmanagementworkhasbeenundertakenbyGov.ofAPandHMDAunderCatchmentAreaImprovementProject(HCIP)fundedbyJICA HameedKhanKunta(KnownAsBanjaraLake) Ithassufferingfrompollution,Illegalencroachmentsanddumpingofseweragesfromthesurroundingcommercialandresidentialcolonies In2002thelakewasadoptedforrejuvenationundertheNationalLakeConservationProgramme(NLCP)oftheMinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF) NoorMohammedKunta LocatedinKatedanIndustrialArea Highlypollutedduetoindustrialsewage It’sadeadpondandthelakewaterhadturnedintoapink/redcolourduetoindustrialpollutants NMKisthefirstandonlylakeinthecountrytohavebeenidentifiedforcleanupbytheWorldBank-assistedprojecton‘CapacityBuildingandIndustrialPollutionManagementProject’bytheMinistryofEnvironmentandForests 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 52
  • 53.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 53 Case Study I Hussain SagarLake Built during: 1562 AD (450 years old) Built by: Hussain ShaWalis Basin area: 240 Sq. Km Water spread area -4.7 sq.km. and Shoreline Length -14 kms Purpose of building: to meet the water and irrigation needs of the city. In the past 30 years, the lake has shrunk more than 50 % of its original size (550 ha to 240 ha). The quality of water in the lake has gradually deteriorated mainly due to the continual entry of untreated domestic sewage and industrial effluent. Otherreasonsofpollutionare •Cattlewashing,vehiclewashing,dumpingofdomesticsolidwastealongtheshorelineaswellastheimmersionoflargenumbersofGaneshandDurgaIdolsduringfestivals •Due to the eutrophication (overloading of nitrates and phosphates), algal blooms and bad odour, the water body is not conducive for drinking water, recreation & pisci-culture. •The water from Lake Hussain Sagaris now used for horticultural purposes after treatment. The main threat to the lake is encroachment by both private and public agencies STATUS OF LAKE It has recently been developed into a tourist centre by HUDA
  • 54.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 54 Standard Vs. Existing water quality of Hussain SagarLake Parameter Units Standard/Prescribed Limit (Class-B, CPCB) Existing Quality pH 6.5-8.5 7.4 Colour Hazen Unit < 300 50 Turbidity NTU 41 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) mg/l > 5 2.3 Total Nitrogen (TN) mg/l 14 Total Phosphorus (TP) mg/l 2 Suspended Solids mg/l < 50 52 Volatile Suspension mg/l Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) mg/l 90 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l < 3 30 Total Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 500 >1600 Faecal Coliform (MPN/100ml) < 200 Fluorine (as F) mg/l < 1.5 Arsenic (as As) mg/l < 0.2 Source: BudhaPurnimaProject, Hyderabad Case Study I Hussain SagarLake MAJOR SOURCE OF POLLUTION NalasenteringHussainSagarLake No. Name Domesticsewage 4 Balkapur,Banjara, Kukatpally,Picket ToxicIndustrialChemicals 1 Kukatpally MunicipalsolidWaste(MSW) 4 Balkapur,Banjara, Kukatpally,Picket The quantum of sewage flowing through these Nalasto lake are approximately 150 MLD AmountofSewagetreatedthrough3STPslocatedinBalkapur,KukatpallyandPicketis55MLD The sewage water is treated by these 3 STPs under HCIPand treated water is released into the lake to maintain the lake water to the desired level
  • 55.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 55 Case Study I Hussain SagarLake HussainsagarLake and Catchment Area Improvement Project (HCIP) •LedbyHMDAtoimprovethequalityofHussainSagarLake. •AidfromtheJapanInternationalCooperationAgency(JICA),withanestimatedcostofRs.310crores. Theprojecthasfiveelements.Theyare: •treatmentofinflows, •improvementinqualityoflakewater, •protectionoflakesandnalasincatchmentareas, •publicawarenessandstakeholderparticipation, •shorelinecleaningandremovaloffloatingmaterial. ToimproveLakeEcosystem InstallationofFountainstoincreaseDO, Desilting,Dredging, Removalofaquaticweeds(WaterHyacinth) Topreventencroachment FTLboundarydemarcation, Fencing,Bundroadformation, Plantationonthesurrounding ConstitutionofEnforcementcell ToImproverecreationactivities Beautificationaroundlake, Dischargeoftreatedwaterintothelake. TopreventLakePollution ConstructionandRehabilitationofSewerageFacilities Organizepublicawarenesscampaigns PreventpollutionthroughdomesticandcommercialactivitiesnearLakeShore. MeasuresbeingfollowedtoimprovethequalityofHussainSagarLakeunderHCIP Hussain Sagarhas recently been developed into a tourist centre by the Hyderabad Urban Development Authority (HUDA)
  • 56.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 56 Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta(Known As BanjaraLake) Man made tank (4.17 ha) with a maximum depth of 5.0m (average 3.0 m) Built in: 1930 Built by: royal elites located in the lake boundaries BanjaraLake is surrounded by apartment complexes on its north, a commercial complex and TajBanjarahotel on the south, and some slums and a graveyard on the west. STATUS OF LAKE Suffering from pollution, Illegal encroachments and dumping of sewerages from the surrounding commercial and residential colonies It receives about 1.5 MLD sewage discharged by three upstream colonies namely Udainagar, Gowrishankarand AmbedkarColony, with a total population of 9950 Theupstreampartofthelakeiscloggedbywaterhyacinthandgarbage. Decline in water quality resulting into eutrophication and algal blooms Excessive foul smell emanating from the lake makes the lake aesthetically unfit for the local residents
  • 57.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 57 Case Study II Hameed Khan Kunta(Known As BanjaraLake) The lake has shrunk over the years due to encroachments and dumping of sewage Garbage Dumping at lake site Shrinking Lake-Hamid Khan Kunta Regularwastedumpingresultingintocloggingandcontamination Heapsofplasticspiledonthewaterbodyposeathreattotheslumchildrenwhoventureintowaterbodyfordefecation. InitiativesTakenup •In2002thelakewasadoptedforrejuvenationundertheNationalLakeConservationProgrammeoftheMinistryofEnvironmentandForest(MoEF). •Sincethenalmost2coreshasbeenspentinrehabilitationandrejuvenationoftheLakewithlimitedsuccess. •TheAndhraPradeshTourismDevelopmentCorporationLtd(APTDC)inassociationwithTajGVK,situatedinthelakeprecinct,hasdevelopedaconservationandmanagementplan.Topreventfurtherpollutionoflake http://www.saciwaters.org/lakes/pdfs/hameed-khan-kunta.pdf http://moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/nlcp/Lakes/Banjara%20Lake.pdf
  • 58.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 58 Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta(NMK) located on NH –7 in the Shivrampallyvillage, Water spread:27 acres The lake is near KattedanIndustrial Estate (KIE) in Rajendranagar, being surrounded by textile mills, edible oil mills and other chemical units (in KatedanIndustrial Area). STATUS OF LAKE Pollutants coming from industry has turned the water of lake into a pink/ red colour. The NMK has been dead since years due to heavy inflow of industrial wastes. •NMK site was heavily polluted due to presence of heavy metals, organics, and inorganics and had been identified as a ‘hot spot’. •Both KIE residents and workers were exposed to health hazards •Due to pollution residents are migrating from the lake into the research field of the Agricultural University of Hyderabad are located downstream •Water of NMK Lake flows downstream into a system of interlinked lakes and finally pollutes the Mir AlamTank. IMPACT ON LOCAL COMMUNITY Indian express, published on 27th March 2013 http://www.newswala.com/Hyderabad-News/World-Bank-funds-for-Remediation-Project-of-Noor-Mohammed-Kunta-Lake-33650.html
  • 59.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 59 Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta(NMK) LAKE CONSERVATION INITIATIVES Capacity Building and Industrial Pollution Management Project Funder: TheWorldBank Project implementer: Consortium of Witteveen+Bos, Tauw, COWI A/S and KadamEnvironmental Consultants, under the name of Pollution Control Board Consultants (PCBC) Project Timeline NMKisthefirstandonlylakeinthecountrytohavebeenidentifiedforcleanupbytheWorldBank- assistedprojecton‘CapacityBuildingandIndustrialPollutionManagementProject’bytheMoEFandapprovedbytheCabinetCommitteeonEconomicAffairsin2010. HUDA took up the construction of a sewage treatment plant (STP) for treatment of domestic sewage generated in the catchment area. The work was completed in the month of January 2009 with an expenditure of Rs. 6.95 crores. Remediation works were supposed to start In September 2013 The first phase will be completed by March 2014 The second phase will be completed by 2015-end.
  • 60.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 60 PROPOSEDREMEDIATIONMETHODS Removaloftoxicsediments ConstructionofasedimenttrapisrecommendedattheinletofthedrainsfromKIEtothelakeNMK. Notonlythelakeshouldberemediated,alsothesedimentofstagnantwatersandopendrainsinKIEwillhavetoberemediatedinordertocleantheenvironment. Allhighlytoxicsedimentswouldbedredgedout, dewateredandcontainedwithintubesofgeo-textile. WasteRemoval Wasteshouldberemovedfromtheopen(hillock)spacestopreventandstopongoingdispersionoftoxicsubstancestotheenvironment. InKIEabout3,500m3oftemporarilystoredwastewillbecollectedanddisposedtoanoff-sitelandfillforMunicipalSolidWaste. Behavioural-basedmitigationmeasures Sinceitisnotpossibletoremovealltopsoilfromtheindustrialplotsandtheopenspaces,itisrecommendedonlytopreventfurtherpollutionofthesite Takingbehavioural-basedmitigationmeasureswillhelpinreductionofleadandchromiumhealthrisksviasoilingestion Case Study III Noor Mohammed Kunta(NMK)
  • 61.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science . Application Of Geo-Textile Tubes . 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 61 Filling,Dewateringandrefilling Thesludgeispumpedintothetubes,andthedewateringbegins Thetubeisleftaloneforaperiodoftimeuntilithasdewateredenoughsothatmoresludgecanbepumpedintoit. Therefillingcanbedoneasmanytimesasnecessary. Disposal Onceithasbeendeterminedthatthedewateringprocesshasaccomplishedthetubescanbecutopenandthesolidscanbeappropriatelydisposedoff.
  • 62.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science WayForward Strategic integrated management action plans and effective coordination between the different stakeholders The national and state policies in respect of water and environment need to be integrated Standards for lake and reservoir management have to be framed. Restoration project needs to give emphasis on the restoration of the catchments of lakes. Stakeholder participation and capacity building -an important instrument for better management of water bodies. Active involvement of all the stakeholders like Corporates, Resident Welfare Associations, Education Institutions, Health organizations, NGOs and other agencies etc. –for speedy completion of the mandated works regarding Lake Protection and to ensure the sustainability of project 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 62
  • 63.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 63 Acknowledgements I am heartily thankful to- •Dr.T.V. Ramachandra, Centre for Continuing Education, Indian Institute of Science (IISc.) Bangalore, for assigning me with the dissertation project on “Status of Lakes in Hyderabad” as part of the Environmental Management Course (2013-14). •Dr.Rajendra Prasad Khajuria, Member environment-HMDA, Dr.M.J. Nandan, Sr. Scientist & Head, PME -CSIR-NGRI, Mr.K. Srinivas, Technical Officer (QAT), HMWSSB for spending their valuable time and support in conceptualizing this study. •Mr. Satheesh Arjilli, AVP, BASICS Ltd. for his guidance and continuous support. •People who have directly or indirectly contributed towards completion of this project
  • 64.
    Dissertation Project Statusof Lakes in Hyderabad Indian Instituteof Science Thank You 19 September 2014 Nisha Kumari, Environmental Management 2013-14 64