Dna sequencing
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DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotides in a gene through four main steps: (1) PCR amplifies and fragments chromosomes, (2) a sequencing reaction uses dideoxyribonucleotides to randomly cut strands ending with each individual nucleotide, (3) gel electrophoresis separates the fragments by size and fluorescent dyes identify the end nucleotide, and (4) computers scan and interpret the gel to print the nucleotide sequence. Current limitations are that only 500-900 bases can be read per run and less expensive methods are less accurate. Some also have ethical concerns about DNA sequencing becoming too common and personal genetic information being abused.
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DNA Sequencing
DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotides in a gene through four main steps: (1) PCR amplifies and fragments chromosomes, (2) a sequencing reaction uses dideoxyribonucleotides to randomly cut strands ending with each individual nucleotide, (3) gel electrophoresis separates the fragments by size and fluorescent dyes identify the end nucleotide, and (4) computers scan and interpret the gel to print the nucleotide sequence. Current limitations are that only 500-900 bases can be read per run and less expensive methods are less accurate. Some also have ethical concerns about privacy if sequencing becomes too common.
Dna sequencing pp
This document discusses DNA sequencing, including its steps and uses for the Human Genome Project, genetic counseling, and more. It also addresses ethical concerns around privacy and genetic manipulation. Finally, it outlines potential future applications such as understanding human development and curing diseases through continued discoveries related to how genes function.
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Detecting single molecules and sequencing DNA
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Dna sequencing
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Dna sequencing
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DNA Sequencing Outline
This document provides an overview of DNA sequencing techniques. It discusses early methods like dideoxy chain termination sequencing and next generation sequencing by synthesis. Third generation sequencing using nanopores is also mentioned. Key steps in sequencing like amplification, cloning in plasmids, polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis are summarized. The document also discusses how these techniques allow for studying evolutionary ancestry since bacterial cells can express eukaryotic genes.
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DNA SEQUENCING METHOD
DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. The first methods were developed in the 1970s by Maxam and Gilbert (chemical method) and Sanger (chain termination/dideoxy method). Sanger's method is now most commonly used and involves DNA synthesis with chain termination by dideoxynucleotides to generate fragments of different lengths that can be separated and read to determine the DNA sequence. DNA sequencing has revolutionized biological sciences by enabling diagnosis of genetic diseases, identification of disease-causing mutations, and mapping of genomes. It provides benefits for medicine, forensics, and agriculture.
485 lec6 sequencing
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DNA Sequencing
DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotides in a gene through four main steps: (1) PCR amplifies and fragments chromosomes, (2) a sequencing reaction uses dideoxyribonucleotides to randomly cut strands ending with each individual nucleotide, (3) gel electrophoresis separates the fragments by size and fluorescent dyes identify the end nucleotide, and (4) computers scan and interpret the gel to print the nucleotide sequence. Current limitations are that only 500-900 bases can be read per run and less expensive methods are less accurate. Some also have ethical concerns about privacy if sequencing becomes too common.
Dna sequencing pp
This document discusses DNA sequencing, including its steps and uses for the Human Genome Project, genetic counseling, and more. It also addresses ethical concerns around privacy and genetic manipulation. Finally, it outlines potential future applications such as understanding human development and curing diseases through continued discoveries related to how genes function.
DNA sequencing: rapid improvements and their implications
these slides analyze the rapid improvements in DNA sequencers and the implications for these rapid improvements for drug discovery, new crops, materials creation, and new bio-fuels. Many of the rapid improvements are from "reductions in scale." As with integrated circuits, reducing the size of features on DNA sequencers has enabled many orders of magnitude improvements in them. Unlike integrated circuits, the improvements are also due to changes in technology. For example, changes from pyrosequencing to semiconductor and nanopore sequencing have also been needed to achieve the reductions in scale. Second, pyrosequencing also benefited from improvements in lasers and camera chips.
Detecting single molecules and sequencing DNA
The document discusses the history and advancements of DNA sequencing. It describes how the discovery of the DNA structure in 1953 enabled sequencing. The first human genome was sequenced from 1977-2003 using Fred Sanger's method and cost $3 billion. New single molecule detection techniques invented in 1997 dramatically accelerated sequencing, reducing the cost to $10,000 and time to less than a week.
Dna sequencing
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the order of base pairs in a section of DNA. Two early methods were Maxam-Gilbert sequencing developed in 1976-1977 which used chemical modification, and chain termination which used single-stranded DNA, primers, polymerase, and nucleotides in four reactions to terminate elongation. Newer dye-terminator methods use fluorescent dyes on chain terminators to sequence in a single reaction. DNA sequencing can help diagnose disease, identify crime suspects, and was used in the Human Genome Project to map the 20,000-25,000 human genes.
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The document discusses DNA sequencing and its applications. It describes DNA sequencing as determining the exact order of A, T, C, and G bases that make up human chromosomes. The Sanger dideoxy method was developed in 1977 and remains a popular sequencing technique that uses DNA replication with a primer, polymerase, and tagged nucleotides. DNA sequencing has applications in forensics, medicine, and agriculture such as identifying individuals, detecting genes linked to disorders, and improving crops.
Hoofdstuk 20 2008 deel 3
The document discusses DNA sequencing techniques, specifically the Sanger method of DNA sequencing. It describes how the Sanger method uses dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) which can be incorporated into the growing DNA strand during replication but prevents further elongation. Short primers are used to hybridize and prime DNA synthesis. Microarray analysis is also summarized as measuring the gene expression levels of many genes by isolating mRNA, making cDNA, hybridizing the cDNA to an array chip containing short sequences of many genes.
DNA Sequencing Outline
This document provides an overview of DNA sequencing techniques. It discusses early methods like dideoxy chain termination sequencing and next generation sequencing by synthesis. Third generation sequencing using nanopores is also mentioned. Key steps in sequencing like amplification, cloning in plasmids, polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzymes, and gel electrophoresis are summarized. The document also discusses how these techniques allow for studying evolutionary ancestry since bacterial cells can express eukaryotic genes.
Autobiography of frederick sanger double nobel prize winner
Frederick Sanger was a British chemist who received two Nobel Prizes for his work determining the structures of proteins like insulin and nucleic acids like RNA. He developed methods for sequencing proteins and DNA that enabled the discovery of gene sequences and advanced recombinant DNA technology. Sanger determined the complete amino acid sequences of insulin and sequenced the first RNA. His sequencing methods revolutionized molecular biology and helped launch the biotechnology industry.
Hospital Presentation
Advanced Next Generation DNA sequencing can more accurately diagnose infections by identifying bacteria, fungi, and viruses compared to traditional culture techniques. This allows for better treatment decisions. PathoGenius Laboratory uses Next Generation Sequencing to identify microbes in samples, providing physicians with diagnostic results to inform customized treatment. Previous methods of relying only on culture were found to significantly underrepresent the microbes present. Molecular diagnostic techniques provide more comprehensive information about biofilms and chronic infections compared to traditional approaches.
Comprehension: Expert Presentation for Reading Class by Jenny, Sara and Monica
Comprehension involves accurately understanding written text through decoding, making connections, and deep thinking. It is important for learning across subjects. Students begin comprehending in early elementary grades by building on decoding skills. Theories emphasize using prior knowledge (schemas) to understand new information. Teachers can help comprehension through strategies like questioning, summarizing, using graphic organizers, and reciprocal teaching where students take turns leading discussions.
Frederick sanger
Frederick Sanger was born in 1918 in England and raised as a Quaker. He studied biochemistry and worked to determine the structure of proteins. In 1951, he determined the complete amino acid sequence of insulin, proving that proteins have unique sequences. He later developed methods to sequence nucleic acids, determining sequences for tRNA and RNA molecules. In 1977, he helped sequence the first complete genome of an organism using the "dideoxy" method. For his work developing methods to determine protein and DNA sequences, Sanger received two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry.
Sanger Technique
The Sanger technique is a method for DNA sequencing developed in 1977 that uses chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides. It relies on the fact that DNA synthesis will stop if a dideoxynucleotide is incorporated instead of a normal deoxynucleotide. The technique involves incubating a single-stranded DNA with the four dideoxynucleotides separately, which results in DNA fragments of different lengths that can be separated via gel electrophoresis to determine the sequence.
04 DNA Sequencing and Genetic Fingerprinting
Electrophoresis is a method used in genetic fingerprinting and DNA sequencing. It separates DNA fragments based on their size and charge, allowing analysis of molecular structure. In genetic fingerprinting, DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis can be compared between samples to determine the source of DNA or if samples are related. DNA sequencing uses electrophoresis to separate DNA fragments by one base at a time, enabling determination of the order of bases within genes and chromosomes.
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DNA sequencing: rapid improvements and their implications
DNA sequencing: rapid improvements and their implications
Autobiography of frederick sanger double nobel prize winner
Autobiography of frederick sanger double nobel prize winner
Comprehension: Expert Presentation for Reading Class by Jenny, Sara and Monica
Comprehension: Expert Presentation for Reading Class by Jenny, Sara and Monica
Similar to Dna sequencing
DNA MICROARRAY TECHNOLOGY FOR PRINCIPLE OF DRUG DISCOVERY
This document discusses DNA microarray technology. It begins with an introduction, explaining that DNA microarrays allow analysis of thousands of genes simultaneously through hybridization of fluorescently labeled DNA probes to a microarray slide. It then covers the principles of DNA microarrays, including the types (cDNA and oligonucleotide), how they are constructed with probes immobilized on a solid surface, and how hybridization allows analysis of gene expression profiles. Applications discussed include drug discovery, disease diagnostics, and functional genomics. Advantages are high-throughput analysis and ability to study many genes, while disadvantages include potential for false results from single experiments.
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The document discusses various genomic and proteomic tools and techniques that have revolutionized the field of microbial physiology. The advent of personal computers, the Internet, and rapid DNA sequencing techniques has fueled this renaissance by enabling widespread sharing of information among scientists. Genomic tools like gene cloning and sequencing provide insights into complete genetic instructions, while proteomic techniques examine dynamic protein expression and interactions. A variety of methods are described, including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and gene arrays.
DNA SEQUENCING METHOD
DNA sequencing determines the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule. The first methods were developed in the 1970s by Maxam and Gilbert (chemical method) and Sanger (chain termination/dideoxy method). Sanger's method is now most commonly used and involves DNA synthesis with chain termination by dideoxynucleotides to generate fragments of different lengths that can be separated and read to determine the DNA sequence. DNA sequencing has revolutionized biological sciences by enabling diagnosis of genetic diseases, identification of disease-causing mutations, and mapping of genomes. It provides benefits for medicine, forensics, and agriculture.
485 lec6 sequencing
This document provides an overview of DNA sequencing technologies. It begins by defining DNA sequencing as reading the exact nucleotide sequence of a genome. Several sequencing methods are described, including Maxam-Gilbert chemical degradation, Sanger chain termination, Illumina sequencing-by-synthesis using fluorescence, SOLiD ligation-based sequencing using fluorescent probes, Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing detecting pH changes, nanopore sequencing detecting electrical currents, and single molecule real-time sequencing. The principles, detection methods, and applications of these techniques are outlined. The document emphasizes understanding the core concepts of each method and highlights their comparisons.
Sequencing
The document discusses different methods of DNA and protein sequencing. It begins by mentioning Sanger sequencing and chain termination sequencing. It then provides details on the principles and processes of Sanger sequencing, including how it utilizes chain terminating ddNTPs. The document discusses how Sanger sequencing was automated and led to first generation sequencing. Finally, it introduces high throughput next generation sequencing methods that allow sequencing of large genomes in a fast and cheap manner through massively parallel reactions.
Dna sequencing
This presensation consist of introduction and little bit introduction of DNA sequencing and its types with graphical explanation of there each types
Techniques of Assessment of Genetic Changes
The document provides an overview of techniques used for assessing genetic changes, including DNA separation techniques like gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis, and gradient centrifugation. It also discusses techniques for DNA analysis such as DNA sequencing, nucleic acid hybridization, DNA cloning, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA microarrays. PCR has advantages like being able to start from a single cell and generate products quickly, but requires knowledge of the target sequence. Real-time PCR allows quantifying DNA or cDNA. DNA microarrays detect mRNA or cDNA and have applications in gene expression analysis.
Sanger’s Method of Sequencing (1).pptx
DNA Sequencing by sanger's method. Uses dideoxy method of sequencing. Human genome project's data is completely basedon this method, look in the ppt for more information of how Frederick Sanger discovered this process of DNA sequencing and which was one of the biggest breakthrough in the field of biology and life sciences. This discovery won nobel prize in the year 1980.
DNA sequencing
DNA sequencing methods have evolved greatly since first being developed in the 1970s. The document discusses the key developments and purposes of DNA sequencing. It describes the original Maxam-Gilbert and Sanger chain termination methods, and how modern sequencing uses improvements to the Sanger technique. DNA sequencing is now used widely in medicine, forensics, agriculture and more to analyze genetic information and detect mutations or genetic disorders.
DNA sequencing by OLAGBAYE B.ABEL
DNA sequencing methods determine the order of nucleotide bases in a DNA sample. The first methods were developed in the 1970s by Maxam and Gilbert (chemical method) and Sanger (chain termination method). The Sanger method is now most commonly used. It involves DNA synthesis with chain terminating nucleotides to generate fragments of different lengths that can be separated and read to determine the DNA sequence. DNA sequencing has revolutionized biological sciences by allowing for gene mapping and identification of genetic variations linked to disease.
Dna sequening
DNA sequencing methods have evolved significantly over time. Early methods like the Maxam-Gilbert chemical method and Sanger chain termination method involved laborious gel electrophoresis. Later developments led to automated Sanger sequencing using fluorescence detection. Next-generation sequencing methods like Illumina sequencing by synthesis and 454 pyrosequencing enabled massively parallel sequencing of many DNA fragments simultaneously. These new methods produce vast amounts of sequence data at lower cost and are used widely in research and applications such as agriculture, medicine, forensics, and more.
Gene sequencing technique
Gene sequencing is the process of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA. The document discusses several generations and techniques of gene sequencing including:
1) First generation techniques like Sanger sequencing and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing that sequence individual DNA molecules.
2) Next generation sequencing techniques like pyrosequencing, sequencing by ligation, and single molecule real-time sequencing that allow high-throughput parallel sequencing of many DNA fragments.
3) The document provides details on the workflow and chemistry employed by several modern sequencing platforms like Illumina, Roche 454, and Pacific Biosciences. Whole genome shotgun, double barrel shotgun, and hierarchical shotgun are also summarized as strategies for genome sequencing.
Recombinant dna technology and DNA sequencing
title: recombinant DNA technology and DNA sequencing
this lect will cover the pcr, isolation of DNA, detection of DNA and DNA manipulation joining DNA together. this is very important and it is required in research of every field especially medical related field.
Blotting Techniques.pptx
Southern blotting is a technique used to detect specific DNA sequences in a DNA sample. It involves digesting DNA samples with restriction enzymes, separating the fragments via gel electrophoresis, transferring the fragments to a membrane, and then detecting specific sequences using DNA probes. Key steps include purifying DNA from samples, fragmenting DNA with restriction enzymes, separating fragments by size using gel electrophoresis, transferring DNA from the gel to a membrane, and detecting fragments using hybridization with labeled DNA probes. This allows for the identification and analysis of specific DNA sequences.
nucleic acid sequencing methods(DNA finger printing,nucleic acid hybridizatio...
The document discusses DNA fingerprinting, nucleic acid hybridization, and rRNA sequence analysis. It defines DNA fingerprinting as a technique used to identify individuals by extracting and identifying their unique DNA base pair pattern. Nucleic acid hybridization is described as the process of forming a double stranded nucleic acid from joining two complementary single strands of DNA or RNA. rRNA sequence analysis is used to construct phylogenetic trees of life based on comparing 16s rRNA sequences between organisms.
DNA Sequencing- Sanger's Method
Fred Sanger developed the chain termination method of DNA sequencing that is still widely used today. It involves making multiple copies of a DNA fragment, conducting separate sequencing reactions with each of the four dideoxynucleotides, and using gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis to determine the sequence based on fragment sizes. While it can sequence fragments up to 900 base pairs, Sanger sequencing is time-consuming and expensive for large genomes. However, it provides high quality sequence data and remains useful for targeted sequencing applications.
Microarray
DNA microarrays allow scientists to analyze thousands of genes simultaneously. They work by attaching DNA probes to a plate to measure gene expression levels in different samples. The process involves isolating mRNA from samples, converting it to labeled cDNA, hybridizing it to the microarray plate, and scanning the plate to analyze gene expression differences between samples. Microarrays have benefits like speed and analyzing many genes at once, though they also produce large amounts of data to analyze. Future uses include disease diagnosis, pharmacogenomics, and toxicogenomics research.
Dna fingerprinting
This presentation is about DNA fingerprinting, a brief description is given about its principle, working, technique and its application with a example.
Polymerase chain reactions
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a laboratory technique used to amplify a specific segment of DNA. It was invented in 1983 by Kary Mullis, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1993. PCR works by repeating cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate the double helix, followed by use of DNA polymerase to make copies of the targeted region. This process can generate millions of copies of the targeted DNA sequence. The document outlines the components and steps of PCR, including primers, DNA polymerase, and thermal cycling. It discusses some applications of PCR such as detecting low-abundance DNA sequences, forensic analysis, and prenatal diagnosis.
Dna fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting is a technique developed in 1984 that analyzes variable regions in genetic material to distinguish one person from another. It involves isolating DNA from a sample, cutting it with restriction enzymes, sorting by size, and probing specific locations to generate a unique pattern. This technique uses variations in the number of short tandem repeats between individuals and has been used successfully in criminal cases and establishing paternity. The most common DNA fingerprinting methods are electrophoresis, polymerase chain reaction, restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymorphic DNA, and amplified fragment length polymorphism. DNA fingerprinting has applications in diagnosing inherited disorders, developing cures, and identifying criminals using biological evidence.
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Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 days
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentationsObservability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about machines behaving intelligently during May 2024
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Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024
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Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024
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Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...
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Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing Days
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
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Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AI
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
20240605 QFM017 Machine Intelligence Reading List May 2024
Dna sequencing
- 2. What is DNA Sequencing? • DNA Sequencing is a technique used to determine the order of nucleotides in a gene.
- 3. Steps in DNA Sequencing • DNA Sequencing consists of four main steps: – Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Sequencing Reaction – Gel Electrophoresis – Computer Scanning
- 4. Step 1: PCR • Chromosomes (50-250 million bases long) are multiplied and broken up into shorter fragments.
- 5. Step 2: Sequencing Reaction • Reaction is done with dideoxyribonucleotides (just like regular DNA without 3’ hydroxyl group), which when added to the end make it impossible for the DNA to elongate. • Restriction enzymes cut at these dideoxyribonucleotides. (Ex: Dideoxy-T) • The place on the strand that is cut is random each time so eventually the cut strands will end with every individual T (or A,G, or C), in the sequence.
- 6. Step 3: Gel Electrophoresis • The fragments are set in and then separated by Gel Electrophoresis. • Flourescent dyes are used to identify the end nucleotide (if it is an A, T, G, or C).
- 7. Step 4: Computer Scanning • Computers ‘read’ the sequence from the gel and interpret the colors and print a sequence of nucleotides across the top.
- 8. Limitations • Currently only 500-900 bases can be sequenced with each read. • Less expensive methods are less accurate.
- 9. Ethical Concerns • Some people believe that a person’s DNA sequence is their business, and their business only, and if DNA sequencing becomes too common it could be abused.
- 10. Sources • "How Do We Sequence DNA?" How Do We Sequence DNA? Web. 23 May 2012.<http://seqcore.brcf.med.umich.edu/doc/educ/dnapr/sequen cing.html>. • "Tiny Reader Makes Fast, Cheap DNA Sequencing Feasible." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 26 Mar. 2012. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/03/120326160651.ht m>. • "DNA Sequencing, Without the Fuss." ScienceNOW. Web. 23 May 2012. <http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2012/03/dna- sequencing-without-the- fuss.html>.