Dissociative disorders involve disruptions or breakdowns in memory, awareness, identity or perception. Dissociative symptoms include amnesia and feelings of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings. Dissociative disorders are often caused by trauma, especially childhood abuse. Treatment focuses on psychotherapy and managing symptoms. Amnesia specifically refers to the inability to recall important information, especially of a traumatic nature. Its causes include brain damage and it has no cure, only management of symptoms and quality of life. Depersonalization disorder involves persistent feelings of detachment from oneself and surroundings. Its causes are thought to be related to brain imbalances triggered by trauma. Treatment focuses on medications for associated symptoms and psychotherapy.

1. Dissociative
Disorder

2. Presented by:
Sania Tahir

3. Hello!
Do you know what is
dissociative disorder is?

5. Dissociative disorders (DD)
are conditions that involve
disruptions or breakdowns
of memory, awareness,
identity, or perception. .

6. “
It's a kind of mental process
that causes a lack of
connection in person's
thoughts, memory and
sense

7. “
￮ Dissociative symptoms
are experience as un-
bidden intrusions into
awareness and behavior
with accompanies
losses contiunity in
subjective experiences

8. According to DSM-V
￮ Positive dissociative
symptoms such as
fragmentation of
identity,
depersonalization
and derealiztion.
￮ Negative
dissociative
symptoms such as
AMNESIA

9. Causes/Etiology:
￮ Dealing with trauma
￮ In childhood exposing with
long-term-sexual and
emotional abuse.
￮ Natural disasters.
￮ Traumetic events in childhood.

10. Dissociative
Identity Disorder
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12. Diagnostic Criteria
DSM-V

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14. “
￮ Main reason or can be
said as a cause is
trauma and child abuse
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16. How it affect the
brain?

18. Which
neurotransmitters
involved in it?
￮ Hypothalamo-Pituitary-
Adernal Dysfunction (HPA).
￮ Gultamate/N-methyl-D-
aspartate (NMPA) receptors.
￮ Serotonin 5-HT2a , 5HT2c.
￮ GABA.
￮ OpioiD receptors.

19. Differential Diagnosis
￮ Major Depressive Disorder
￮ Bipolar Disorder
￮ Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
￮ Psychotic Disorder
￮ Substance/Medication induced Disorder
￮ Conversion Disorder (funtional neruological symptoms
disorder)
￮ Seizure Disorder
￮ Factitious Disorder
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21. Symptoms
￮ An inability to recall important autobiographical
information , usually of a traumatic or stressful nature ,
that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting.
￮ Memory loss (amnesia) of certain time periods, events,
people and personal information.
￮ A sense of being detached from yourself and your
emotions.
￮ A perception of the people and things around you as
distorted and unreal.
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22. “
￮ It may sometimes involve
travel or confused
wandering away from your
life (dissociative fugue).
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23. Dissociative amnesia is the inability to
remember things that you would normally
be able to recall. A fugue is a subtype of
dissociative amnesia that is more complex
and generally involves a loss of personal
identity and often travel away from home.

24. Main cause
￮ Amnesia is a general term that describes
memory loss.
￮ The loss can be temporary or permanent,
but 'amnesia' usually refers to the
temporary variety.
￮ Causes include head and brain injuries,
certain drugs, alcohol, traumatic events, or
conditions such as Alzheimer's disease.
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25. “
Amnesia is caused by brain damage. There's
currently no treatments that can essentially
cure amnesia, but instead treatments
concentrate on condition management.
Treatment focuses on therapies and
techniques that help improve quality of life
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26. Treatment plan
￮ Psycho therapy
￮ Cognitive therapy
￮ Family therapy
￮ Medication
￮ Clinical hypnosis

27. Differential Diagnosis
￮ Dissociative identity disorder
￮ Post traumatic stress disorder
￮ Neurocognitive disorder
￮ Substance related disorder
￮ Seizure disorder
￮ Catatonic stupor
￮ Factitious disorder and malingering
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29. ￮ Depersonalization disorder (DPD), also known as
depersonalization/derealization disorder, is a mental
disorder in which the person has persistent or recurrent
feelings of depersonalization or derealization.
Depersonalization is described as feeling disconnected
or detached from one's self.

30. Symptoms
￮ Persistent and recurrent experiences of depersonalization and
derealization or both depersonalization and derealization.
￮ During the depersonalization or derealization experiences ,
reality testing remains intact.
￮ Feelings of being alienated from or unfamiliar with your
surroundings — for example, like you're living in a movie or a
dream. Feeling emotionally disconnected from people you
care about, as if you were separated by a glass wall.
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31. Main cause
￮ Experts do not know exactly what causes
depersonalization. It is thought to stem from an
imbalance in brain chemicals. As with other
dissociative disorders, feelings of depersonalization
are usually triggered by life-threatening or traumatic
events, such as extreme violence, war, a kidnapping, or
childhood abuse.
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32. Treatment plan
￮ There are no medications specifically approved to
treat depersonalization-derealization disorder.
However, medications may be used to treat specific
symptoms or to treat depression and anxiety that
are often associated with the disorder.
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34. Differential Diagnosis
￮ Major depressive disorder
￮ Obsessive Complusive disorder
￮ Other dissoactive disorders
￮ Anxiety disorder
￮ Psychotic disorder
￮ Substance / medication induced disorder
￮ Mental disorder due to other medical conditions
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