India is a great and densely inhabited nation with a grand precedent and a big custom sets. It is seen with a proud ancestry of cultured life for nearly four millenniums turning out to be in a topmost position in terms of civilization history. It is, in addition, an existing culture and society linked to the customs comes up honestly from its ancient times. For these motivations for every foreign person a holiday to India should have a philosophical educational impact and from this initial idea itself the research proposed will flourish for beneficial outcome possibilities.

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To investigate and understand the possible impacts, both positive
and negative, of cultural tourism in India
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Introduction
India is a great and densely inhabited nation with a grand precedent and a big custom sets.
It is seen with a proud ancestry of cultured life for nearly four millenniums turning out to be
in a topmost position in terms of civilization history. It is, in addition, an existing culture and
society linked to the customs comes up honestly from its ancient times. For these
motivations for every foreign person a holiday to India should have a philosophical
educational impact and from this initial idea itself the research proposed will flourish for
beneficial outcome possibilities. The entire tourism in India engages as a minimum a single
characteristic of culture communication and is consequently plentifully cultural tourism. The
importance of this deeper explanation is straight away perceptible, because it will take
account of the vast popular of overseas guests of the additional rich groups, capable of
residing in higher quality hide outs and expend substantial amounts of cash. Thus cultural
tourism in India has a fraction to engage in recreation as a foreign exchange accumulator
from many years back itself. (Allchin 1969; An 2008; Menon 1991; UNESCO World Report
nd)
Aim
To investigate and understand the possible impacts, both positive and negative, of cultural
tourism in India
Objectives
The study has to accomplish the following objectives to complete the aim:
• Identify the potential resources benefited with cultural tourism
• Select a suitable person to conduct qualitative analysis interview
• Survey on the available literature resources
Research Questions
The major questions to be answered through the work are:
1. Will cultural tourism bring higher level, benefits to India?
2. Which are the sectors benefitted with cultural tourism?
3. What could be possible negativity with the cultural tourism?
4. Can any type of exploitation happening with cultural tourism?
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CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This chapter emphasize the theories put forwarded by the author related to tourism.
Literature review is very significant for determining and managing research topic and
offering background for the research. According to (Slack, 2004) there are some goals for
reviewing literature, they are as following;
• Enables to recognize the theoretical frameworks, question, and subject about the
study.
• Determination of the literature for the research.
• Recommendation of the approaches which can be utilized for the research.
This section of this research emphasizes the concept of tourism, tourism industry, and its
impacts. In addition this chapters also describes tourist destination and destination analysis
subsequently.
Tourism
Tourism is nothing but just a service sector which serves visitors. It is considered as a
method to get relaxed from the daily activities and routines physically as well as mentally
(Garbun, 2007). Tourists get many advantages from the tourism like " a short break from
the daily routine of the life that gives admission to diverse moral situation where emotional,
social, and mental wishes come at the top. Mclntosh and Goeldner (2006) opined that
tourism is considered to be the science, skills, and commerce to attract and transport
visitors and make arrangement of the shelter for them and provides services to satisfy every
needs and wants. In addition to this opinion, tourism also can be said that, the total events,
and correlation taken place due to interaction between tourists, people, host government,
and suppliers of business while hosting (Taylor, 2002). In 1999 Graburn and Nash illustrated
the twin character of tourism. Tourism is believed to be the means of providing amusement
for developed nations by developing nations (Nash, 1999). Whereas Graburn stated that
"Tourism is a kind of explaining how to live a life which have disappointment as well as
expectations.
The developing figures in tourism industry:
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Tourism industry has been considered as the important aspect of service. According to
(WTO, 2008) the major contribution of growth of GDP is made from tourism in many
economically backward countries. In 2008 approximately 700 million people visits different
countries as the tourists and made a contribution of 800 million visited to other nations as a
tourist in (2008). This comprised of 30% of all service exports and 6% total worldwide
exports (WTO, 2005). Further, there are millions of job opportunities are made available by
tourism (WTTC. 2004). The tourism rate has significantly gone up since 1975. It can be clear
that by the time of 2020 this will be maximized by this trend.
Cultural Tourism
Cultural tourism is nothing but a division of tourism related to the culture of country or
region, particularly people's lifestyle in those region, the religion, architecture, and other
related factors which facilitated to shape the way of living style. Cultural tourism
encompasses the tourism in many areas like, urban areas, large cities and their cultural
facilities in particular, for example museum (Rowley and Slack, 2004). In fact in comparison
with the standard tourists cultural tourists spend considerably more. Cultural tourism has
become very popular all through the world. According to the latest report of OECD the
significant role of cultural tourism can have a great impact on the regional development and
different parts of the world (Rowley and Slack, 2004). According to (Mann and Kellet, 2004)
cultural tourism is nothing but a people's movement from the place where they live to the
cultural attractive destinations with the purpose of collecting new information and
experiences to fulfil their requirements.
The role and impact of culture and tourism on attractiveness
In the development of destinations throughout the world tourism has got paramount
importance. While considering many cases culture is believed to the vital asset for
developing tourism and most advantages for this development (OECD, 2011). Culture has
been considered as the significant element in the attractiveness of majority of the
destination in the world in terms of tourism as well as fascinating residents and investment
(OECD, 2011).
Relationship between culture and tourism
Tourism and culture have been seen as the different aspects of the destination during the
20th century. As the part of cultural heritage of the destinations, mostly associated with the
local people's education and supporting national cultural identities cultural resources were
seen. Whereas Tourism was seen as the leisure related act detach form the everyday
routine, culture, and lifestyle of the population. By end of the 20th century this was changed
slowly, as the impact of cultural assets for charming tourists and differentiating destinations
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from one to another in order to become unique (Rowley and Slack, 2004). Specifically
culture tourism has been seen from 1980s as the vital source of financial advancement for
most of the destinations.
There are some factors which stimulated the developing expression between culture and
tourism (OECD, 2011):
Demand
• Enhanced interests in culture, as a source of recognition in particular.
• Developing the levels of cultural capital
• Developing the role of image the significance of vague culture.
Supply
• Growth of cultural tourism for motivating employment and income.
• An enhancing culture's supply due to the development.
• With the help of new technological advancements the increasing accessibility of
information on culture as well as tourism
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CHAPTER-3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
There are two methods comprised in this part, such as applicable methods and desired
methods. The two methods have to research in these study area. In this research the
researcher focus on the selected methods and explains the overview which is associated
with the methods. Here the author describes the approaches, structure, qualitative,
quantitative research and data analysing.
Phenomenological approach
This approach utilizes qualitative data based on the numbers and ranks in which the data is
perfectly gauged through these approach. Hussey (2007) states that interview,
observations, feelings, are gathering in this kinds of research represents from various
understanding with different meanings. In this research the researcher plan to discover the
data by focusing on the research objectives and research topic " The impact of Cultural
tourism in India".
Data collection methods
The figure below depicts the two types of data gathering such as primary data and
secondary data. The figure 1 explains the primary data and secondary data and figure 2
explains the data collection and triangulation methods.
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Figure1: Data collection methods
Figure2: Triangulation Method for Cross-Checking Data
Source: (http://www.watershedplanning.illinois.edu/profile_steps/step3.cfm), retrieved
from Jan 12, 2012)
Primary data sources:
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Primary data is considered to be vital for the research. The process of primary data differ
from structured interview, questionnaires. The interview method and survey have been
considered as the most common used methods for collecting primary data. In this research
the author will gather primary data with the help of interview with a consultant of UNESCO.
Secondary data
The data collected already by other researcher for other researches is considered to be
secondary data. Secondary data is very much significant for achieving objective and
answering research questions (Creswell, 2009). Secondary data enables the researchers for
carrying out adequate research with the ideas and theories done by the other researchers.
In this research the researcher collect secondary data from multiple sources such as
acadamic journals, magazines, newspapers, articles, publications etc. about tourism, and
cultural impact of tourism in India.
Qualitative research
According to Saunders et al (2009) qualitative method is nothing but utilized for
determining and recognizing the experience of the people as well as beliefs, opinion of the
people. Qualitative method utilized non statistical data.
Qualitative research
This type of research generates numerical data. The researcher commonly utilizes
quantitative research to collect the data that generates numerical data. Quantitative data is
gathered by survey using questionnaires. The researchers gathers quantitative data by
distributing questionnaires to the target group of people (Creswell, 2009)
In this research the researcher will employ qualitative research as this type of method is
capable of providing complicated textual description in detail of experience, feelings of
given research problem. Moreover, here the research solely stands find out the impact of
cultural tourism in India, hence qualitative research will be appropriate for this research.
Data analysis
There are some appropriate meanings and interpretations contained in the data which has
been considered as the fundamental factor for any process of research (Saunders et.al,
2009). According to (Gill and Johnson, 2002) judgement and interpretation is significant for
every research which is produced from variety of techniques. Several data analysing
techniques are there for interpreting the difference with the sampling frame. The qualitative
data is categorized into manageable sections. The researchers mentions the date, time, and
location of interview conducted. The researcher utilizes Microsoft world to analyze the
qualitative data for this research.
Conclusion
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This chapter emphasized the appropriate methods, techniques and approaches used for this
research. The author has employed phenomenological approach with qualitative research
method as the researcher feel it is very significant for this research. Moreover the
researcher utilizes both primary as well as secondary data for this research.
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CHAPTER-4
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
Introduction
The research on the cultural impact of tourism in India had to see that all observed and
investigates outcomes had to get highlighted without much exclusions of back up traits. The
interview questions were answered from the side of the Consultant of UNESCO entitled to
perform the study on the same for getting realistic facts linked to the topic.
1. Is cultural tourism a welcome path in India or any other countries?
Of course almost all sectors of India will get benefitted with cultural tourism. Though many
have controversies on the matter of higher involvements and killing of Indian culture, it can
all be viewed as the outlook of Indians towards the international cultures. To change one’s
culture and societal morals is up to the choice of that individual alone and it cannot be put
upon any of available reasons of modernization.
2. Can you please explain on Actions Plan for Tourism?
It formed building blocks towards the viewpoint expansion of Indian strategies towards
world tourism and acceptance of developmental aspects with tourism.
3. How can cultural tourism affect in the societal economy in India?
Tourism granted substantial socio-economic profits to the Indian population by this means
elevating the superiority of life and living standards. It can additionally cultivate expansion
still in regions where further financial actions turn out to be complicated to continue
(Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment 2006; UNESCO World Report
nd).
4. Do Indians have considerable benefits in the employment sector with cultural tourism?
Tourism business creates employment straight and obliquely, for about thirteen to fourteen
millions of population within the nation. Employment chances can get multiplied or squared
with the expansion of cultural tourism. Rather than having job opportunities in their
homeland, they get qualified and ready for getting absorbed to other nations.
5. How is budget and tourism connected in India?
All the tourists cannot be expected as having wished to lead a luxurious holiday at India.
There can be people demanding for tour within their budget. In fact, they form the major
part of the homeland tourists leading to the progression in such areas of the nation mostly
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towards the inlands. Nowadays, they are given more priority in tourism action planning
owing to their huge numbers (UNESCO World Report nd).
6. Will the banner of go green be connected to the tourism perspectives?
This could be problematic question in deed; with tourism there are chances of pollution is
not administered. The reason cannot be thrown over the tourists alone. No American will
dare to throw garbage publicly within their nation. The rules and control over the pollution
and cleanliness aspects make the difference. Even Indians do not care about their
cleanliness from their side and the same happens with tourists.
7. India tries to involve much in International tourism. What could be the cultural
involvements most concentrating on?
Cultural involvements mostly try finding the best and seeking out the unknown. With
tourism, different cultures are getting discussed within a self, leading to a self esteemed
interpretation and acceptance. So definitely, our tourism strategies should concentrate
mainly to exhibit the cultural features of India and our societal wealth of ethnicity. This will
also help out to bring an honour, respect and overall care towards the Indian landmarks and
people (Bhattacharjee 2008; UNESCO World Report nd).
8. Did colonialism come up in new form of tourism in India?
Tourism cannot be accepted as colonialism in any sense, though many describe it to be so.
Tourism brings revenue, fame and development to the Indian economy. Colonialism can be
seen as something inclined more towards destruction while tourism tries to construct more.
9. Can the effects of adverse nature become more effective that benefits?
As explained earlier, the pollution or contamination has to be controlled from the side of
Indian population in the form of different preservation activities in favour to habitats.
Unnecessary involvements cannot be seen as the outcome from the tourism process.
10. What position could India achieve with cultural tourism in full swing?
India can reach the topmost position within the world tourism sector without any doubt if
able to control every activity of tourism with successful traits of strategies.
Analysis on the cultural tourism and its impact on India have put forward healthy and most
attractive possibilities. The direct relationship of it with the development of India cannot be
kept invisible owing to the level of success possible. In fact tourism has close links to almost
all sectors of India including social, cultural and economical segments. Invasions on Indian
culture cannot be viewed as pure outcome of tourism rather than it is the acceptance of the
population with respect to available alternatives (P. et al. 2006; UNESCO World Report nd).
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In effect, cultural tourism brings about immense level benefits to the India and Indians. The
sectors profited with it cannot be counted out in singles. Rather could explicitly be stated as
total segments of Indian society get helped out from social, economical, cultural or any
other areas. Negativity mostly stated out in connection to it are due to the lenient strategies
adopted by the tourism segment of India. It remains a fact that cultural tourism cannot be
viewed as a domain of exploration; it is a business form of entertainment. Neither the
tourists nor the country are getting exploited in any sense, but good management can avoid
any possible unnecessary involvements or exploitation.
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CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION
The study as a whole gives sturdy support to cultural tourism. Interview made with the
consultant from UNESCO has created and provided an authenticated overview about the
case under investigation. The countless benefits possible for India make cultural tourism an
attractive one among the world nations. Tourists from around the globe get attracted to
India owing to its cultural abundance and adorable ancestral involvements in Indian
lifestyle. The analysis and discussion made on the matter made clearer about the potential
of the sector and several remaining enhancements to be made in the area. Negligence has
been viewed as the main cause of negative outcomes which is always kept over as the after
effect of cultural tourism. Secondary benefits including positions, honour, etc maybe
highlighted many of the times while primary profits in terms of income, employment, etc
remains. Throughout the route of the complete study, it has been essentially viewed to keep
track of the consideration and scope of study made through it. Cultural tourism in India
being a major sector to be investigated, only a very small portion could be included for the
study. The thoughts from different authors and researchers formed the back bone of the
investigation made along. But real time support was from the consultant of UNESCO
providing existing governmental level, tourist level and population level ideas on cultural
tourism in India. The country has fair possessions suitable for almost all sectors of tourists
with different status in terms monetary, social, cultural or any other sections of life and
living standards. Hopefully, Indian economy and socio – cultural factors have to get
immense benefits with cultural tourism and cannot be separated from the support it offers
for the development of the nation. Higher authorities as well as local self governing bodies
are involved in enhancing the cultural tourism. But the strategies for eliminating the
disturbance to ecosystem has bee found to be a bit redundant which has to get rethought
from depth. As a whole study supports cultural tourism in full strength; a developed India
will have contributions from cultural tourism. Maybe their slogan and emotion of unity in
diversity makes the country much attractive to at international level.
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REFERENCES
1. Allchin, F. R., (1969) Cultural Tourism in India: its Scope and Development with
Special Reference to the Monumental Heritage, UNESCO Bangkok
2. An, Hoi (2008) The Effects Of Cultural Tourism On Culture And The Environment In
Asia And The Pacific, UNESCO Bangkok
3. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (2006) Eco-Tourism
Policy, Center for Conservation Governance and Policy
4. Bhattacharjee, Sharmistha (2008) ‘Tourism: An Impact on Society and Culture’,
Conference on Tourism in India – Challenges Ahead, IIMK
5. Creswell, J. W. (2009) Research Design; Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods
Approaches, 5th Editon, London, Sage Publications Ltd.
6. Menon, A.G. Krishnan (1991) Case Study on the Effects of Tourism on Culture and the
Environment India: Jaisalmer, Khajuraho And Goa, UNESCO Bangkok
7. Mann and Kellet (2004). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. (2nd. edition
enlarged) Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
8. Mcintosh and Goeldner, (2006), Staying Within the Fence: Lifestyle Entrepreneurship
in Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8:378–392.
9. P. Seema, T.D., Jojo, M.S., Freeda, B., Santosh, P., Sheetal, J., Gladwin, R., Suman, T.,
Samuel and K., Sidharth (2006)Eco-Tourism Policy
10. Rowley and Slack (2004), Entrepreneurship in the Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure
Industries, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, United Kingdom.
11. Saunders Mark, Philip Lewis (2009), “Research methods for business students”,
Fourth Edition, prentice hall financial times, England, pp 15
Taylor (2002) The shift to constructivism in social enquiry: Some pointers for tourism
studies. Tourism Recreation Research, 31(2), 43-58
Online Resources
• WTO: World Tourism Organisation (2009) “Tourism Market Trends”, [online]
Available from http://www.world-tourism.org/ [Accessed 25/01/2012].
• WTTC: World Travel and Tourism Council (2009), [online], Available from
http://www.wttc.org/ [Accessed 25/01/2012].
12. UNESCO World Report, Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue
(refer the link: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001847/184755e.pdf)
Accessed on 28/01/012
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APPENDICES
Appendix1: Interview Questions
1. Is cultural tourism a welcome path in India or any other countries?
2. Can you please explain on Actions Plan for Tourism?
3. How can cultural tourism affect in the societal economy in India?
4. Do Indians have considerable benefits in the employment sector with cultural tourism?
5. How is budget and tourism connected in India?
6. Will the banner of go green be connected to the tourism perspectives?
7. India tries to involve much in International tourism. What could be the cultural
involvements most concentrating on?
8. Did colonialism come up in new form of tourism in India?
9. Can the effects of adverse nature become more effective that benefits?
10. What position could India achieve with cultural tourism in full swing?
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