tugas (culture tourism)

1. PAPER
CULTURE TOURISM
Written for (ENGLISH FOR TOURISM)
The Lecturer : Dr. Yudi Juniardi, M.Pd)
ARRANGED BY :
SURYADI
DWI AGUSTININGRUM
AWEY MULYANA
PASCA OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA UNIVERSITY
2018

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Introduction
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAME WORK
CHAPTER III DISCUSSION
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

3. CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
The 1993 National Guideline outlines that national tourism development in
PELITA VI is aimed at increasing tourism to become a mainstay sector capable of
promoting economic activities, including other related sector activities, so that
employment, community income, regional income and state revenues and foreign
exchange revenues increase through development efforts and utilization of various
potentials of national tourism.
In the development of tourism must be maintained the maintenance of the
national personality and the preservation of the function and quality of the
environment. Tourism needs to be organized in a comprehensive and integrated
manner by involving other related sectors in a business integration of tourism that is
mutually supportive and mutually beneficial, both small, medium and large scale.
Besides that through tourism can be fostered a sense of unity and unity and love of the
homeland.
Lately it seems clear, that each province in accordance with the conditions and
potential of the region wants to increase the development of regional tourism, with the
aim of increasing economic, social and cultural.
In the development of tourism, the Indonesian government has raised Cultural
Tourism as a superior type of tourism. In its implementation, on the one hand strived to
continue to increase tourism (the number of tourists, infrastructure and facilities,
services, promotions, attractions) which increasingly leads to quality tourism and on
the other hand so that Indonesian people increasingly benefit positively, so that welfare
is increasingly balanced spiritual material, without them being uprooted from their
own cultural and environmental roots. Indonesia's tourism strength in its cultural
tourism, because Indonesia has a rich, varied, unique culture and some cultural
conditions are still like a few centuries ago, even in the place of origin they have been
"lost", for example ngaben in India. This paper will describe what cultural tourism is
and why the government Indonesia in developing tourism emphasizes on Cultural
Tourism.

4. Cultural tourism is the subset of tourism concerned with a country or region's
culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those geographical areas, the history
of those people, their art, architecture, religion, and other elements that helped shape
their way of life. Cultural tourism includes tourism in urban areas, particularly historic
or large cities and their cultural facilities such as museums and theatres. It can also
include tourism in rural areas showcasing the traditions of indigenous cultural
communities, and their values and lifestyle. It is generally agreed that cultural tourists
spend substantially more than standard tourists do. This form of tourism is also
becoming generally more popular throughout the world, and a recent OECD report has
highlighted the role that cultural tourism can play in regional development in different
world regions. Cultural tourism has been defined as 'the movement of persons to
cultural attractions away from their normal place of residence, with the intention to
gather new information and experiences to satisfy their cultural needs'. These cultural
needs can include the solidification of one's own cultural identity, by observing the
exotic "other".

5. CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Cultural tourism is a kind of travels done to widen one’s perpective, to study a
tradition. A way of life, or an art and culture of a society. In developing tourism, the
government of Indonesia has made every effort to reach its goal by sending some artist
to perform Indonesia art and culture, introducing traditional foods in modern
performance, and completing tourism supporting facilities tht have Indonesia
traditional design since Indonesia is very rich with unique and specific culture. By
doing this, Indonesia can compete with other countries in Asia and the Pacific region
in attracting tourists.
According to E. Guyer - Freuler in Yoeti (1983), "Tourism in the modern sense
is a phenomenon from today that is based on the need for health and the changing of
air, a conscious and developing assessment of natural beauty, pleasure and natural
enjoyment. Especially due to the increase in the association of nations and classes of
society as a result of the development of commerce, trade, industry and means of
transportation.
For comparison, let's add some tourism restrictions. According to Herman von
Schulalard (1910) in Yoeti (1983), has given tourism restrictions as follows:
“Tourism is the sum of operations mainly of an economic nature, which
directly related to the entry, stay ang movement of foreigner inside
certain country, city or region”.
In his opinion, what is meant by tourism is a number of activities, especially
those that are related to economic activities that are directly related to the entry, the
presence of immigration and the movement of foreigners in and out of a city, region or
country (Yoeti, 1983: 99).
Prof. Hunzieker and Prof. K. Krapf (1942) in Yoeti (1983) stated:

6. “Tourism is the totally of the relationship and phenomena arising from the
travel and stay of strangers (ortsfremde), provide the stay does not imply the
establishment of a permanent resident”.
So tourism is a whole "stranger" and "foreigner" (domestic and foreign tourists)
caused by travel and immigration of foreigners and the provision of temporary
housing, provided that the residence does not remain permanent and does not earn
income from temporary activities.
Whereas according to P.W. Ogilvie in Soekanto (1980), "Tourists are all people
who fulfill two conditions, namely, first, that they leave their homes for less than one
year, and second, that while they go out to spend money in places they visit without
earning a living at that place.
The word culture (Keudayaan) comes from the Sanskrit word Buddhayah, is the
plural form of buddhi which means mind or reason. Thus culture can be interpreted as
matters related to mind and reason. There is another understanding of the origin of the
word "culture", is that the word is a development of compound words, meaning the
power of mind and the power of reason. Whereas according to Koentjaraningrat's
opinion, culture is the whole idea and work of man, which must be accustomed to
learning, along with the whole of the results of his mind and work (Koentjaraningrat,
1984: 9).
E.B. Taylor (1871) in Kessing (1989: 68) states that culture is a complex whole
which includes knowledge, beliefs, art of decency, law, customs, and other abilities
and habits learned by humans as members of society. Culture can also be interpreted
as the whole effort and results of human and community efforts to fulfill all their needs
and desires to improve their lives. These efforts are revealed well by processing the
environment and the world to meet these needs, as well as by creating patterns and
public relations that facilitate and facilitate the life of society. This effort is
accomplished by giving human meaning to the material or objects that are processed
and making the life system of society become humane too. Thus culture is essentially
the manifestation of the life of the community itself and the process of its development
(Poespowardojo, 1989: 121). Such is the description of the meaning of tourism and
culture.

7. CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
Tourism is expected to generate economic benefits. But in the tourism business,
the development and development of national culture originating from regional culture
must always be considered. To avoid the negative impacts of tourism, people need to
be included, in addition to strong government regulations. Efforts made by the
government, namely in addition to developing natural tourism, by sports, maritime,
agro tourism, tourism conventions, especially developed are cultural tourism. The
concept of cultural tourism (cultural tourism) is stipulated in Law No. 9 of 1990. This
was done with the consideration that Indonesia has diverse artistic and cultural
potentials that are scattered in each Tourism Destination Region (DTW) in Indonesia.
So the tourism developed is cultural tourism. In this case, cultural arts are various
types of DTW are used as the main attraction to attract tourists to visit Indonesia.
Cultural tourism is a type of tourism which in its development and development
uses culture as the dominant basic potential, which implies an aspiration for a dynamic
and positive reciprocal relationship between tourism and culture, so that both increase
in harmony, harmony and balance. Therefore, tourism development is expected to
always pay attention to the maintenance of national art and culture which is used as an
Indonesian tourism asset. The main purpose of all that is nothing but to create an
image and more importantly in that way Indonesian tourism will have its own
distinctive characteristics or identity that is different from what other countries have.
According to Salah Wahab (1992), based on the purpose of the trip, cultural
tourism is a type of tourism whose purpose and purpose are in order to enrich
information and increase knowledge about other countries, in addition to wanting to
get satisfaction, entertainment from the results of a nation's culture, such as dance
traditional as well as the local way of life.
So cultural tourism is a journey carried out on the basis of the desire to expand
one's life view by conducting a review outside the region and abroad, studying the

8. circumstances of the people, their customs and customs, ways of life, culture and art.
Often this same will is united with the opportunity to take part in cultural activities,
such as art expositions (dance, drama, music and fine arts) or religious activities or
historical motives and so on. Furthermore, it can be added, that this type of cultural
tourism is the most important type of tourism for foreign tourists visiting Indonesia.
They want to see art, dance, historical monuments and everything related to Indonesian
culture.
The results of the PATA (Pacific Area Travel Association) questionnaire in 1961
for the North American community, stated:
"More than 50% of the number of tourists who want to visit Asia and the Pacific
region choose and want to see the people with their customs and ways of life, culture,
art, history, buildings, temples, relics and antiquities".
More can be added, the Resolution taken by the Inter American Travel Congress
at its fifth annual session in Panama in 1954, stated that cultural and cultural tourism in
the world of tourism is the main element and plays a very important role. Such is the
importance of cultural tourism, so that in advancing the promotion of the tourism
industry questions about culture are additional educational materials. Congress
considers it necessary to provide advice and recommendations to tourism fields and
organizations to collaborate in research to enable the most effective way to use cultural
elements as publication material containing education.
UNESCO Document (United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural
Organization) no. E / Conf.47 / 8 submitted for discussion at the International Tourism
Conference mentioned above, also contains ideas which state that special attention
must be given to a harmonious way to study and examine cultural factors in tourism.
This is reinforced by the results of a meeting of world tourism experts who held a
meeting in Sydney Australia, January 2000 which stated that future tourism in the
millennium would lead to cultural tourism (Hutagalung: 2006: 115).
The importance of these cultural factors must be reviewed with all the efforts of
two aspects to promote national and foreign tourism, as well as to expand the spread of
ideas and understanding of other countries' culture (natural human understanding /
international understanding).

9. Judging from the resilience of national culture, the relationship between culture
and tourism should not only be seen in terms of the relationship between tourism and
cultural works, but also in terms of the usefulness of tourism in relation to the culture
that lives and develops in society. Thought must be based on :
1. Consideration must be taken regarding the role of tourism as a tool to promote
mutual understanding between ethnic groups and international people (human
understanding) and peaceful cooperation.
2. Tourism should be a positive stimulating force to encourage an appreciation of
creative cultural power.
3. The development of cultural factors in tourism can be a contribution, not only for
international mutual understanding and peaceful cooperation, but also has very
important economic implications during the attractions presented are things and
events that truly represent the culmination of cultural work.
In connection with the description above, there is a tourism area that depends on
culture. Tourist areas, are places or regions due to attractions, situations in traffic
relations and tourism facilities cause these places / areas to become objects of tourist
demand, Indonesia is rich in "tourist resorts" (tourist areas) which depend on culture,
including:
1. Historic cities, have buildings that have a unique architectural style, theater, and so
on. For example the city of Banten Lama, the old city of Jakarta, Yogyakarta and
Cirebon.
2. Study Centers, such as universities, colleges, universities, research centers and
investigations, scientific institutions, conservatories and so on. For example ITB,
UPI, Boscha Star Observation in Lembang, and Botanical Garden in Bogor.
3. Places that have special events (special events) such as traditional ceremonies,
celebrations of life circles (cyclus of life ritual), people's parties, and so on. For
example Sea Feast at Pangandaran Beach, and Pelabuhan Ratu West Java, Tabui
ceremonies in West Sumatra, temples in Bali, Waisak ceremony at Borobudur
Temple, Grebeg Maulud ceremony in Yogyakarta and death ceremonies in Toraja
Land.
4. Center of worship such as mosques, churches, temples, temples, temples and so on.
For example Besakih Temple, Borobudur Temple, Prambanan Temple, Demak

10. Mosque, Holy Mosque, Sam-Pho-Khong Temple in Semarang and Catedral in
Jakarta.
The existence of international tourism brings new institutions into culture in
Indonesia. In addition, they also influences the life of our culture because in general
foreign tourists visit to see and experience the natural and cultural conditions typical of
Indonesia. For example, aside from the desire of the Indonesian people themselves to
rediscover the elements of the original personality, tourism is also a powerful driver
that can create the Ramayana Ballet, new dances in various regions of our country, the
survival of silver in Kota Gede Yogyakarta, and the spread of batik crafts in fresh
modern art forms.
In order for a culture to be sustainable, that is, if there is ever existence, then the
efforts that need to be sustained include : protection, development and utilization.
Protection, including efforts to keep cultural results from being lost or damaged ;
development includes processing that results in improved quality and / or expansion of
treasure; utilization, including efforts to use cultural results for various purposes. Such
as to improve the image of a nation's identity, for cultural awareness education (both
through internationalization and multicultural appreciation), to be used as a cultural
industry content, and to be used as a tourist attraction. Thus it can be understood that
culture is an autonomous entity in the life of humanity, which has a system,
mechanism, and goals in itself. The connection with normative tourism is only limited
to certain elements used as "object" tourist attraction and this is just one.
Implementation of Cultural Tourism requires all aspects of tourism in Indonesia :
promotion, accommodation arrangement, architecture, objects, attractions, manners,
dress, food, souvenirs as much as possible so as to prioritize Indonesia's cultural
potential. In the field of promotion, that is, among others, by sending art missions
abroad and publishing books in foreign languages that contain Indonesian cultural
characteristics. The establishment of the hotel was built according to the architecture of
their respective regions. For example, in Bali, the local government requires that hotel
buildings be adapted to the Balinese architectural style, if possible they are not
imported from outside Bali and the building should not be higher than coconut trees. In
providing food, hotels, especially star hotels, are recommended to provide Indonesian
specialties that have been adapted to the taste of foreign tourists. In addition, hotel

11. officials are encouraged to use regional / national clothing that is adjusted so as not to
hamper their work. In addition to the things mentioned above tourists can participate in
activities to get a cultural experience, such as learning accompanied by the practice of
making woven, batik, learning to dance, etc.
Thus the image of tourism that is unique and identity can be displayed in real
terms. The consequence of this conception is that culture becomes more open and
intensively communicated with tourism with all the risks of impact, both positive and
negative. With unique tourism, Indonesia certainly can compete more with other Asia
Pacific countries in bringing in foreign tourists.

12. CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION
This study has discussed Cultural Tourism, as a type of superior tourism for
Indonesia, in addition to other types of tourism. Through Cultural Tourism it is
expected that mutual understanding and mutual respect will occur between ethnic
groups in Indonesia, as well as between nations around the world. Through Cultural
Tourism, it is also expected to occur preservation of Indonesian cultural values that are
noble, which receive positive input, both from regional culture and foreign culture.

13. References
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14. Poespowardojo, Soerjanto. 1989. Strategi Kebudayaan. Suatu Pendekatan Filosofis.
Jakarta: Gramedia.
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