1. The document discusses several oral and esophageal disorders including stomatitis, parotitis, achalasia, and gastroesophageal reflux.
2. Stomatitis refers to general inflammation of the soft tissues in the mouth and can be caused by poor oral hygiene, infections, or other issues. Common symptoms include sores and pain in the mouth.
3. Management of oral disorders focuses on treating any infections, reducing inflammation, and pain relief.
Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum (upper small intestine) and are usually caused by H. pylori bacteria or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and bloody stools. Diagnosis involves blood tests, breath tests, stool tests, endoscopy, or imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics to kill H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid, and medications to protect the stomach lining. Complications can include bleeding, perforation, and scarring.
The document discusses several gastrointestinal disorders in children including cleft lip/palate, ankyloglossia (tongue tie), tracheo-esophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, diarrhea, liver abscess, intestinal obstruction, biliary atresia, and amoebiasis. It describes the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care considerations for each condition.
The document discusses diseases of the upper and lower digestive tract. The upper tract includes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia are common upper tract diseases described. In the lower tract, duodenal ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and their signs, symptoms, and oral health considerations are outlined. Crohn's can involve any GI part and cause complications like strictures, while ulcerative colitis only impacts the colon.
This document provides information about gastritis, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It begins by defining gastritis as an inflammation of the stomach lining. It then describes the two main types as acute or chronic gastritis, and subtypes based on appearance and cause. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, alcohol, and stress. Symptoms vary from pain and nausea to bleeding and anemia. Diagnosis involves history, endoscopy, and tests for H. pylori. Treatment focuses on relieving pain, antibiotics for H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors, bland diets, and managing complications.
The document provides information on acute abdomen conditions including peritonitis, gastritis, acute pancreatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, and cholecystitis. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests, complications, treatment, and nursing management for each condition.
The document discusses esophageal disorders, specifically esophagitis and esophageal strictures. It defines esophagitis as inflammation of the esophagus that can be caused by acid reflux, eosinophilic esophagitis, lymphocytic esophagitis, certain drugs, and infections. Left untreated, esophagitis can lead to complications like esophageal strictures, which are narrowings of the esophagus caused by scarring. The document outlines signs, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches for the different types of esophagitis.
DISEASES IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Student Nursesysabellayao
This document discusses diseases that can affect the digestive system. It begins by providing context about the location being studied - Butuan City in the Philippines. It then describes diseases that can occur in different parts of the digestive system, including the mouth (such as thrush), salivary glands, pharynx (such as sore throat), esophagus (such as ulcers), stomach (such as gastritis), and other areas. It lists symptoms and treatments for many of these conditions. The document concludes by providing tips for taking care of digestive health, such as eating fiber-rich foods and fish.
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be either acute or chronic. Acute gastritis is short-term and caused by factors like NSAIDs, alcohol, bile reflux, or radiation/chemotherapy. Chronic gastritis is long-term inflammation that can result from repeated acute episodes or be caused by H. pylori bacteria or chemical irritants. Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. Treatment involves antacids, H2 blockers, PPIs, and antibiotics for H. pylori. Nursing care focuses on pain relief, nutrition, fluid balance, education, and symptom management.
Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum (upper small intestine) and are usually caused by H. pylori bacteria or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and bloody stools. Diagnosis involves blood tests, breath tests, stool tests, endoscopy, or imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics to kill H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors to reduce acid, and medications to protect the stomach lining. Complications can include bleeding, perforation, and scarring.
The document discusses several gastrointestinal disorders in children including cleft lip/palate, ankyloglossia (tongue tie), tracheo-esophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, diarrhea, liver abscess, intestinal obstruction, biliary atresia, and amoebiasis. It describes the causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care considerations for each condition.
The document discusses diseases of the upper and lower digestive tract. The upper tract includes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia are common upper tract diseases described. In the lower tract, duodenal ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, and their signs, symptoms, and oral health considerations are outlined. Crohn's can involve any GI part and cause complications like strictures, while ulcerative colitis only impacts the colon.
This document provides information about gastritis, including its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It begins by defining gastritis as an inflammation of the stomach lining. It then describes the two main types as acute or chronic gastritis, and subtypes based on appearance and cause. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, alcohol, and stress. Symptoms vary from pain and nausea to bleeding and anemia. Diagnosis involves history, endoscopy, and tests for H. pylori. Treatment focuses on relieving pain, antibiotics for H. pylori, proton pump inhibitors, bland diets, and managing complications.
The document provides information on acute abdomen conditions including peritonitis, gastritis, acute pancreatitis, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal obstruction, and cholecystitis. It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic tests, complications, treatment, and nursing management for each condition.
The document discusses esophageal disorders, specifically esophagitis and esophageal strictures. It defines esophagitis as inflammation of the esophagus that can be caused by acid reflux, eosinophilic esophagitis, lymphocytic esophagitis, certain drugs, and infections. Left untreated, esophagitis can lead to complications like esophageal strictures, which are narrowings of the esophagus caused by scarring. The document outlines signs, diagnostic tests, and treatment approaches for the different types of esophagitis.
DISEASES IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM - Student Nursesysabellayao
This document discusses diseases that can affect the digestive system. It begins by providing context about the location being studied - Butuan City in the Philippines. It then describes diseases that can occur in different parts of the digestive system, including the mouth (such as thrush), salivary glands, pharynx (such as sore throat), esophagus (such as ulcers), stomach (such as gastritis), and other areas. It lists symptoms and treatments for many of these conditions. The document concludes by providing tips for taking care of digestive health, such as eating fiber-rich foods and fish.
Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach lining that can be either acute or chronic. Acute gastritis is short-term and caused by factors like NSAIDs, alcohol, bile reflux, or radiation/chemotherapy. Chronic gastritis is long-term inflammation that can result from repeated acute episodes or be caused by H. pylori bacteria or chemical irritants. Symptoms include epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, and bleeding. Treatment involves antacids, H2 blockers, PPIs, and antibiotics for H. pylori. Nursing care focuses on pain relief, nutrition, fluid balance, education, and symptom management.
AHN-UNIT 1 PART I Electrolyte imbalance final.pptxnadiaali903926
The document provides information on disorders of the gastrointestinal system. It begins with an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It then discusses specific disorders such as stomatitis, oral cancer, and disorders of the salivary glands that affect the mouth. Disorders of the esophagus are also reviewed, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, achalasia, and esophageal cancer. Nursing management of these gastrointestinal disorders focuses on promoting oral hygiene, ensuring adequate nutrition, pain management, preventing infections, and providing patient education.
This document provides information on peptic ulcer disease, including its prevalence, risk factors, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical and surgical management, complications, nursing care, and follow up. Some key points:
- Peptic ulcers affect 4-10 per 1000 people in India and are more common in males aged 30-60. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs.
- Types include acute, chronic, gastric, and duodenal ulcers. Chronic ulcers erode through the stomach/duodenal wall.
- Symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food. Tests include endoscopy, biopsy to detect H. pylori.
- Treatment
Peptic ulcer ( a medical study)- definition, causes, pathophysiology etc martinshaji
Peptic ulcers include:
Gastric ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach
Esophageal ulcers that occur inside the hollow tube (esophagus) that carries food from your throat to your stomach
Duodenal ulcers that occur on the inside of the upper portion of your small intestine (duodenum)
It's a myth that spicy foods or a stressful job can cause peptic ulcers. Doctors now know that a bacterial infection or some medications — not stress or diet — cause most peptic ulcers.
this is a detailed study on peptic ulcer
please comment
thank you
Peptic ulcer disease refers to lesions in the stomach or duodenum caused by an imbalance between protective and corrosive factors. Common types include gastric and duodenal ulcers. H. pylori infection is present in most ulcers and its eradication can cure ulcers and reduce recurrence. Treatment involves relieving symptoms, promoting healing, and preventing complications through lifestyle modifications, medications like PPIs, H2 blockers, and antibiotics targeted against H. pylori.
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by viruses like rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus. It spreads easily through contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache and fever. Dehydration is a risk, so extra fluids are important. Most cases clear up on their own within a few days with rest and hydration at home. Testing is rarely needed unless symptoms persist.
Peptic ulcers form when the lining of the stomach or duodenum is corroded by acidic digestive juices. Common symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food or antacids. While acid contributes to ulcer formation, infection with H. pylori bacteria is now believed to be the leading cause. Other risk factors include NSAID use, smoking, alcohol, and stress. Complications can include bleeding, perforation, and narrowing or obstruction of the stomach outlet. Endoscopy allows visualization and biopsy of ulcers, while treatment aims to eliminate H. pylori infection and reduce acid secretion.
peptic ulcer advance concepts of nursing.pptxajadoon84
The document discusses peptic ulcer disease including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnostic testing, treatment, and nursing management. Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus due to an imbalance between gastric acid and mucosal resistance. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and excess acid secretion. Symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food or antacids as well as potential complications like bleeding. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori, reducing acid production, and educating patients on lifestyle modifications.
Image result for ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uh-tiv koe-LIE-tis) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over time, rather than suddenly.
The document discusses diseases of the stomach, including stomach ulcers and dyspepsia. It provides details on the causes of stomach ulcers such as Helicobacter pylori bacteria and NSAIDs. Symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment are described for stomach ulcers. Dyspepsia is defined as indigestion and its common causes include diet, lifestyle factors, and underlying diseases. Treatment focuses on eliminating H. pylori infections, reducing stomach acid production, and managing symptoms.
This document provides an overview of a 22 hour course on gastrointestinal and biliary tract disorders. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, common manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, assessment of patients with gastrointestinal issues, and diseases and conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system including their management. Specific topics discussed include the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and large intestine. Diseases like achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and cancer of the esophagus are described in detail.
This document provides information about peptic ulcers, including their types, causes, symptoms, and treatment. It discusses the different types of peptic ulcers that can occur in the stomach, duodenum, and esophagus. The main causes of peptic ulcers are infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications to reduce acid production or treat H. pylori, and sometimes surgery for complications.
The document discusses the gastrointestinal system and acid secretion process. It summarizes the anatomy and functions of the stomach, including the three parts (fundus, body, antrum) and cell types. It describes the three phases of acid secretion and factors involved like gastrin and histamine. Common acid-related disorders are explained like GERD, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and their symptoms. Causes of increased acid levels are outlined as well as complications. Treatment options for acid suppression include antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, though antacids have limitations.
Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between gastric acid and the stomach's protective mechanisms. The three main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection, long-term use of NSAIDs like aspirin, and excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and bleeding. Complications can include gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics, reducing acid with proton pump inhibitors, and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and limiting alcohol. Surgery is needed in some cases to repair damage or prevent further complications.
Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus that causes chest pain and difficulty swallowing. There are several types including reflux esophagitis caused by acid escaping the stomach, eosinophilic esophagitis which is an immune reaction, and infectious esophagitis spread from other infections in people with weak immune systems. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and heartburn. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and biopsy to examine the esophagus. Treatment depends on the cause but includes antacids, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungals, and lifestyle changes like dietary modifications.
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, allopathic management, and holistic management approaches like diet therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, chromotherapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and yoga therapy. The holistic approaches aim to promote healing and repair of damaged tissue through strategies like probiotics, antioxidants, dietary polyphenols, and protective foods.
P. Kolala presented on peptic ulcer disease. PUD is caused by an imbalance between gastric acid production and mucosal defenses, resulting in ulcers in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, and stress. Symptoms include epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics, reducing acid with PPIs, and surgery if complications occur or medications fail. Nursing care focuses on pain management, diet, medication administration and monitoring for complications.
Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus that can have various causes like acid reflux, infections, medications, radiation, and more. Common symptoms include dysphagia, heartburn, and painful swallowing. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes, antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and surgery in some cases. Complications can include strictures and Barrett's esophagus.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
AHN-UNIT 1 PART I Electrolyte imbalance final.pptxnadiaali903926
The document provides information on disorders of the gastrointestinal system. It begins with an overview of the anatomy and functions of the digestive system. It then discusses specific disorders such as stomatitis, oral cancer, and disorders of the salivary glands that affect the mouth. Disorders of the esophagus are also reviewed, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, achalasia, and esophageal cancer. Nursing management of these gastrointestinal disorders focuses on promoting oral hygiene, ensuring adequate nutrition, pain management, preventing infections, and providing patient education.
This document provides information on peptic ulcer disease, including its prevalence, risk factors, types, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, medical and surgical management, complications, nursing care, and follow up. Some key points:
- Peptic ulcers affect 4-10 per 1000 people in India and are more common in males aged 30-60. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, smoking, alcohol, NSAIDs.
- Types include acute, chronic, gastric, and duodenal ulcers. Chronic ulcers erode through the stomach/duodenal wall.
- Symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food. Tests include endoscopy, biopsy to detect H. pylori.
- Treatment
Peptic ulcer ( a medical study)- definition, causes, pathophysiology etc martinshaji
Peptic ulcers include:
Gastric ulcers that occur on the inside of the stomach
Esophageal ulcers that occur inside the hollow tube (esophagus) that carries food from your throat to your stomach
Duodenal ulcers that occur on the inside of the upper portion of your small intestine (duodenum)
It's a myth that spicy foods or a stressful job can cause peptic ulcers. Doctors now know that a bacterial infection or some medications — not stress or diet — cause most peptic ulcers.
this is a detailed study on peptic ulcer
please comment
thank you
Peptic ulcer disease refers to lesions in the stomach or duodenum caused by an imbalance between protective and corrosive factors. Common types include gastric and duodenal ulcers. H. pylori infection is present in most ulcers and its eradication can cure ulcers and reduce recurrence. Treatment involves relieving symptoms, promoting healing, and preventing complications through lifestyle modifications, medications like PPIs, H2 blockers, and antibiotics targeted against H. pylori.
This document discusses intestinal obstruction, including its causes, signs and symptoms, assessments, nursing diagnoses, and treatment. Intestinal obstruction can be mechanical or functional and causes a blockage in the small or large intestine. Common signs are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Assessments include physical exams, imaging, and labs. Nursing focuses on relieving pain, maintaining fluid and electrolytes, and preparing for possible surgery. Treatment involves correcting the underlying cause through medical or surgical management.
Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines caused by viruses like rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus. It spreads easily through contaminated food, water, or surfaces. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, headache and fever. Dehydration is a risk, so extra fluids are important. Most cases clear up on their own within a few days with rest and hydration at home. Testing is rarely needed unless symptoms persist.
Peptic ulcers form when the lining of the stomach or duodenum is corroded by acidic digestive juices. Common symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food or antacids. While acid contributes to ulcer formation, infection with H. pylori bacteria is now believed to be the leading cause. Other risk factors include NSAID use, smoking, alcohol, and stress. Complications can include bleeding, perforation, and narrowing or obstruction of the stomach outlet. Endoscopy allows visualization and biopsy of ulcers, while treatment aims to eliminate H. pylori infection and reduce acid secretion.
peptic ulcer advance concepts of nursing.pptxajadoon84
The document discusses peptic ulcer disease including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnostic testing, treatment, and nursing management. Peptic ulcers develop in the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus due to an imbalance between gastric acid and mucosal resistance. Common causes include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, and excess acid secretion. Symptoms include abdominal pain relieved by food or antacids as well as potential complications like bleeding. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori, reducing acid production, and educating patients on lifestyle modifications.
Image result for ulcerative colitis
Ulcerative colitis (UL-sur-uh-tiv koe-LIE-tis) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation and ulcers (sores) in your digestive tract. Ulcerative colitis affects the innermost lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum. Symptoms usually develop over time, rather than suddenly.
The document discusses diseases of the stomach, including stomach ulcers and dyspepsia. It provides details on the causes of stomach ulcers such as Helicobacter pylori bacteria and NSAIDs. Symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment are described for stomach ulcers. Dyspepsia is defined as indigestion and its common causes include diet, lifestyle factors, and underlying diseases. Treatment focuses on eliminating H. pylori infections, reducing stomach acid production, and managing symptoms.
This document provides an overview of a 22 hour course on gastrointestinal and biliary tract disorders. It covers the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, common manifestations of gastrointestinal disorders, assessment of patients with gastrointestinal issues, and diseases and conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary system including their management. Specific topics discussed include the esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and large intestine. Diseases like achalasia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and cancer of the esophagus are described in detail.
This document provides information about peptic ulcers, including their types, causes, symptoms, and treatment. It discusses the different types of peptic ulcers that can occur in the stomach, duodenum, and esophagus. The main causes of peptic ulcers are infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria and use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, medications to reduce acid production or treat H. pylori, and sometimes surgery for complications.
The document discusses the gastrointestinal system and acid secretion process. It summarizes the anatomy and functions of the stomach, including the three parts (fundus, body, antrum) and cell types. It describes the three phases of acid secretion and factors involved like gastrin and histamine. Common acid-related disorders are explained like GERD, reflux esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and their symptoms. Causes of increased acid levels are outlined as well as complications. Treatment options for acid suppression include antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitors, though antacids have limitations.
Peptic ulcers are caused by an imbalance between gastric acid and the stomach's protective mechanisms. The three main causes are Helicobacter pylori infection, long-term use of NSAIDs like aspirin, and excessive alcohol consumption. Symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and bleeding. Complications can include gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, and obstruction. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics, reducing acid with proton pump inhibitors, and lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and limiting alcohol. Surgery is needed in some cases to repair damage or prevent further complications.
Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus that causes chest pain and difficulty swallowing. There are several types including reflux esophagitis caused by acid escaping the stomach, eosinophilic esophagitis which is an immune reaction, and infectious esophagitis spread from other infections in people with weak immune systems. Symptoms include chest pain, difficulty swallowing, and heartburn. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and biopsy to examine the esophagus. Treatment depends on the cause but includes antacids, anti-inflammatory drugs, antifungals, and lifestyle changes like dietary modifications.
This document discusses peptic ulcers, including their definition, types, causes, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, allopathic management, and holistic management approaches like diet therapy, acupuncture, hydrotherapy, chromotherapy, massage therapy, herbal remedies, and yoga therapy. The holistic approaches aim to promote healing and repair of damaged tissue through strategies like probiotics, antioxidants, dietary polyphenols, and protective foods.
P. Kolala presented on peptic ulcer disease. PUD is caused by an imbalance between gastric acid production and mucosal defenses, resulting in ulcers in the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Risk factors include H. pylori infection, NSAID use, smoking, and stress. Symptoms include epigastric pain relieved by food or antacids. Treatment involves eradicating H. pylori with antibiotics, reducing acid with PPIs, and surgery if complications occur or medications fail. Nursing care focuses on pain management, diet, medication administration and monitoring for complications.
Esophagitis is inflammation of the esophagus that can have various causes like acid reflux, infections, medications, radiation, and more. Common symptoms include dysphagia, heartburn, and painful swallowing. Diagnosis involves endoscopy and biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include lifestyle changes, antacids, H2 blockers, proton pump inhibitors, and surgery in some cases. Complications can include strictures and Barrett's esophagus.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
2. INTRODUCTION
The GIT plays a vital role for one’s overall
health.It has high concentration of nerve tissue
in the body beside the brain.It is in the GIT
where toxins are inactivated and nutrients
absorbed.
3. The bacteria of the GIT play a significant
role in maintaining good health by
producing vitamin B compounds and other
compounds that help regulate the immune
system.
4. Oral problems are mainly caused by poor
oral health, infections and inflammation
from other causes.
The problems interfere with ingestion as
the patient may have pain in the mouth.
thereafter the nutritional intake and even
oral communication may be
compromised
5. PRINCIPLES OF THE MGT. OF GI CONDITIONS
The principles of the management of GI conditions is
centered on the following principal manifestations of GI
disorders:
Dysphagia – is difficulty swallowing and is the most
common symptom of esophageal disease.
The symptom may vary from an uncomfortable feeling that
a bolus is caught in the upper oesophagus to acute pain on
swallowing called odynophagia
6. Heartburn (Pyrosis) – common symptom of
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) that causes
malfunction of the anti-reflux mechanism of the gastro-
esophageal junction Leading to water brash.
Anorexia (loss of appetite) – nonspecific symptom that
commonly accompanies both acute and chronic conditions
7. Nausea and vomiting – most common symptoms of GI
diseases, which often occur together but may occur
independently.
Nausea is a feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium with the
conscious desire to vomit and,
vomiting is a reflex action which results in the contents of
the stomach being ejected through the mouth.
8. Dyspepsia – a sensation of pain, discomfort or fullness in the
epigastrium, often accompanied by belching and nausea .
Abdominal pain – it’s management is a complex and
challenging process because of its varied aetiologies and the
nurse’s perception of pain.
9. Constipation – a decrease in frequency of bowel movements
from what is “normal” for the individual ; hard, difficult to
pass stools; a decrease in stool volume; and retention of feaces
in the rectum.
Diarrhoea – frequent passage of loose watery stools
10. Weight loss – important but rather unspecific symptom of GI
and other diseases.
Gastrointestinal bleeding – may present as haematemesis,
maleana, occult blood or signs and symptoms of haemorrhagic
shock such as restlessness, distended abdomen, falling blood
pressure, etc.
12. STOMATITIS
• Stomatitis is a generalised inflammation of the
soft tissue of the mouth.
• There are various types of stomatitis namely;
13. 1.SIMPLE CATARRHAL STOMATITIS.
• This is inflammation of mucous membrane
of the mouth ,
• Characterised by increased flow of mucus
and exudates.it occurs commonly in
children
14. Causes
Poor oral hygiene
Hot foods and drink
Micro- organisms such as bacteria
Systemic infections
Corrosion from strong acids or alkali
15. Signs and symptoms
Dry mucus membrane due to reduced
saliva production as a result of inflamed
membranes.
Low grade fever due to infection
Sores in the mouth due to corrosion
Pain in the mouth especially due to
inflammation.
16. Red mucus membrane as a result of
inflammation
Loss of appetite due to increased flow of
mucus.
17. Treatment
Anti pyretics such as Panadol in order to
reduce temperature .
Mouth wash with saline water
Treatment of systemic condition if it is the
cause
18. 2.VINCENT STOMATITIS
It is severe inflammation of gingival caused
by bacteria ,for instance ,normal flora and
spirochetes
Predisposing factors
poor oral hygiene
Immunosuppression
local tissue damage
19. Signs and symptoms
Pain in the mouth as a result of inflammation.
Foul taste due to poor salivation
Fever due to infection
Redness of the mucous membrane as a result
of inflammation
Bleeding from the gums due to ulceration.
Halitosis due to microorganisms.
20. Diagnosis of Vincent stomatitis
Physical examination which might reveal
inflamed mouth and gums
History from the patient. Patient will say that
there is pain on swallowing.
Dental x-ray in order to rule out toothache
21. Treatment
Antibiotics such as penicillin
Regular brushing
Mouthwash with saline water
Cleaning by dentists.
22. 3.Monilla stomatitis /Oral thrush
It is an infection of the mouth caused by
candida albican which is fungus.
Monilla stomatitis is also known as
candidiasis.
.
23. Predisposing factors
Lowered immunity persons, for example HIV,
cancer and pregnancy.
Prolonged use of antibiotics and steroids
24. Signs and symptoms
Lesions in the mouth also referred to as
milk curd. This lesion can easily bleed if
tempered with.
Pain on swallowing
25. Treatment
Hydrogen peroxide and saline washes
Oral hygiene
Nystatin suspension or pastilles or
amphotericin lozenges.
Fluconazole for oral pharyngeal candidiasis
Clotrimazole tablets
26. 4. Herpetic stomatitis
It is a contagious viral infection of the mouth
caused by herpes virus which causes ulcers and
inflammation.
It is common in children and immune
suppresses people.
Patient is usually contagious during the
vesicular and ulceration stage .
28. Signs and symptoms
Blisters in the mouth, often on the tongue or
cheeks.
.Decrease in food intake, even when the patient
is hungry
Offensive smell.
Dysphagia
29. Fever which may occur 1 - 2 days before
blisters and ulcers appear.
Irritability due to pain
Swollen gums which are painful
Ulcers in the mouth, often on the tongue or
cheeks.
Drooling/salivating
31. Treatment
Antiviral - acyclovir.
Liquid diet which are cool-to-cold, nonacidic
drinks.
For severe pain give oral topical anaesthetic –
lidocaine. Give it with caution as it can cause
burns
32. Parotitis
This is the inflammation of one or both
parotid glands, causing blockage of the main
parotid duct, or one of its branches.
33. Causes
Bacterial for example staphylococcal areus
Mycobacterium, the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
autoimmune disease causes most cases of chronic
parotitis
HIV
Occasionally, drugs such as iodides which can cause
swelling of the glands
34. -
Signs and symptoms
pain in the area of gland and ear due to
inflammation
Dry mouth due to absence salivation
Severe pain when swallowing due to swelling
of the gland.
35. Purulent exudates from gland due infection
Fever due to infection
Erythema, sometimes ulcers due the
inflammatory process.
37. Treatment
Antibiotics to combat infection- amoxyl
500mg x7/7
Analgesics to relive pain and reduce
temperature. Paracetamol 1000mg tds x3/7
Mouth washes of Warm salty water rinses may
be soothing and keep the mouth moist.
38. Warm compresses to relieve pain.
Increase fluid intake
If an abscess develops, drainage of the gland is
necessary
40. Achalasia
It is condition of the oesophagus which is
characterised
by lack of peristaltic movement and
failure of relaxation of lower oesophageal
sphincter.
41. It is a motor disorder characterised by,
Incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal
sphincter leading to, difficulties in passing of
food into the stomach.
There is failure of the esophagogastric
(cardiac) sphincter to relax in order to allow the
passage of food into the stomach .
42. There is lack of tone in the musculature and
normal peristalsis, particularly in the lower part
of the oesophagus resulting in ,
accumulation and
stagnation of food and fluids in the oesophagus
causing
irritation and inflammation of the oesophagus.
43. Food lodges in the oesophagus and passes into
the stomach slowly over time .
Aspiration of oesophageal content into the
lungs may occur when client lies down.
44. The exact cause is unknown ,but it has been
associated with.
degenerative changes or
malfunctioning in the nerve plexus that
innervates the oesophageal muscle tissue.
45. Signs and symptoms
Progressive dysphagia with a feeling that
something is stuck in the throat due to
stagnation/accumulation of food.
Regurgitation of undigested food due failure
relaxation of oesophageal sphincter.
46. Halitosis caused by regurgitation of previously
ingested food.
Coughing when lying in a horizontal position.
Chest pains or sub sternal pain due to spasms of
oesophagus.
47. Diagnosis
Barium swallow will show dilatation of the
oesophagus, lack of peristalsis.
Esophagoscopy – will show dilatation of the
lower oesophageal sphincter.
It can also show changes associated with cancer
or presence of candida
48. .
Oesophageal manometry – This will be done
to measure muscle contractions in different
parts of the oesophagus during the act of
swallowing.
Manometry- reveals failure of the lower
oesophageal sphincter to relax with swallowing
and lack of functional peristalsis in the smooth
muscle oesophagus.
49. Biopsy-shows hypertrophied muscles and
absence of certain nerve cells of the mesenteric
plexus which controls oesophageal peristalsis.
50. Treatment
Medication-Calcium channel blockers
(nifedipine) and nitrates (nitro-glycerine) to
relax the lower oesophagus sphincter.
Balloon (pneumatic) dilatation –dilation of
oesophagus using aballon at the point of
narrowing.
52. Gastro oesophageal reflux
This is a condition in which there is backflow
(reflux) of gastric and or
Duodenal content into the oesophagus which is
not associated with either vomiting or belching.
.
53. Gastro oesophageal reflux is a condition that
results from
abnormal regurgitation of gastric contents into
the oesophagus.
Due to the reflux of the gastric/stomach contents
there may be erosion of the mucosa.
54. Cause
The cause is unclear though there are some
predisposing factors associated with changes in
the barrier between the stomach and the
oesophagus. The predisposing factors include;
Abnormal relaxation of the lower oesophageal
sphincter.
.
55. Anatomical abnormalities such as hiatus hernia
(condition where the upper part of the stomach
and the Lower Oesophageal Sphincter move
above the diaphragm.
Obesity-increasing body mass index is
associated with more severe gastroesophageal
reflux
56. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome - results in
increased gastric acidity due to gastrin
production.
Pregnancy
Drugs such as anticholinergic, calcium channel
blockers, can lead to Hypocalcaemia, which
can increase gastrin production, leading to
increased acidity.
57. Certain life styles like ,
•Food such as sodas that contain
caffeine,Smoking,alcohol consumption
58. Signs and symptoms
Heartburn (dyspepsia) – burning sensation behind
the breastbone and usually occurs after meals. This
is accompanied by regurgitation.
59. Pain usually occurs 30-60 minutes after meals
originating from chest and radiates to the neck and
throat. Pain is caused by acid regurgitation.
Dysphagia (difficulties in swallowing).
61. Diagnosis
• Esophagoscopy -to identify the cause and examine the
oesophagus for damage.
• Barium swallow- to evaluate oesophageal damage as
well.
62. Continuous oesophageal pH monitoring to evaluate
degree of acid reflux.
Oesophageal manometry
A positive stool occult blood test may diagnose
bleeding from the irritation in the oesophagus.
64. Advise patient to lose weight if obese.
Advise patient to stop smoking
Eat slowly and chew food thoroughly to reduce
belching
65. Antacid -Magnesium trilisilicate to neutralise the
acid.
Proton pump inhibitors -Omeprazole decrease the
amount of acid produced the stomach.
66. H2 antagonists -Cimetidine to decrease acid
production in the stomach.
Surgery - Nissen fundoplication (repair lower
oesophageal sphincter and hiatus hernia)
68. Hiccup
A hiccup or hiccough is an oesophageal
contraction of the diaphragm that repeats several
times per minute.
69. It is spasm of the diaphragm resulting in a rapid,
involuntary inhalation that is stopped by the
sudden closure of the glottis and accompanied by a
sharp, distinctive sound.
70. Hiccups are caused by many central and
peripheral nervous system disorders, all from
injury or irritation to the phrenic and vagus nerves,
as well as toxic or metabolic disorders
71. Causes.
Chemotherapy—which can include a huge
amount of different ,for instance diazepam.
Hiccups often occur after drinking carbonated
beverages or alcohol or ingesting spicy foods.
72. Prolonged laughter is also known to
cause hiccups.
Eating too fast can also cause the
hiccups.
73. Treatment
Ordinary hiccups are cured easily without medical
intervention.
However, there are a number of anecdotal
treatments for casual cases of hiccups.
74. Some of the common home remedies include
giving the afflicted a fright or shock.
Eating peanut butter, taking a teaspoon of vinegar,
drinking water, holding one's breath and altering
one's breathing patterns
75. •Hiccups are treated medically only in severe and
persistent cases (termed "intractable“).
•Sedatives such as Diazepam and chlorpromazine
are given.