The document discusses psychedelic therapy and trials using psilocybin mushrooms to treat psychological disorders. It notes that psilocybin research was prevalent in the 1950s-60s but was discontinued due to safety concerns. Recent studies have shown positive results in treating depression, addiction, and anxiety through guided psychedelic experiences. The document advocates for rekindling psychedelic therapy research and renewed public support to develop alternative treatment options.
PROFESSOR DAVID NUTT - PSYCHEDELIC ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY – NEW NEUROSCIENTIF...iCAADEvents
The document summarizes research on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. It discusses how psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and ketamine were widely used in psychotherapy in the 1950s and 1960s to treat addiction and depression, with largely positive results. However, psychedelics were banned in the 1970s. Recent research has started exploring psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy again. Studies discussed show psilocybin-assisted therapy helped alcoholics stay sober and helped smokers quit. Ketamine therapy was more effective for treating heroin addiction with multiple sessions compared to a single session. The document also reviews neuroscience research on how psychedelics affect brain activity and connectivity, particularly reducing activity in regions linked to depression.
1. The document discusses factors to consider when prescribing psychiatric medications in patients with liver disease. Liver disease can impact the pharmacokinetics of drugs by altering absorption, metabolism, protein binding, and excretion.
2. Drugs are categorized based on their hepatic extraction ratio and metabolism. High extraction drugs are more susceptible to fluctuations. Interactions with liver enzyme inducers/inhibitors and alcohol are also discussed.
3. When prescribing for patients with liver disease, the degree of impairment, drug metabolism pathway, interactions, and narrow therapeutic index drugs should be considered. Dose adjustments and monitoring are often needed.
Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication developed in the 1980s-1990s and approved by the FDA in 1994. It is on the WHO's list of essential medicines. Risperidone is effective at decreasing hallucinations and delusions in psychotic patients, allowing them to function better. It is available in tablet, liquid, and injectable forms. Risperidone is metabolized in the liver and has an oral bioavailability of 70%. Common side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, and hyperprolactinemia. It is indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar mania, autism-related irritability, and other off-label uses, though has black box
This document provides an overview of various classes of psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, sources, effects, and historical uses. It discusses anticholinergic psychedelics like scopolamine found in plants like deadly nightshade. It also covers catecholamine-like drugs like mescaline and MDMA, serotonin-like drugs like LSD, psilocybin, and DMT found in magic mushrooms. The document outlines glutaminergic NMDA receptor antagonists like PCP and ketamine, as well as the opioid kappa receptor agonist salvinorin A. It briefly mentions date rape drugs such as GHB, ketamine, and flunitrazepam.
Major depression is characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure that lasts at least two weeks. About 15% of people experience major depression in their lifetime. Females experience depression twice as often as males. Depression has genetic, biological, psychological, and social causes. Treatment involves psychotherapy, antidepressant medication, electroconvulsive therapy, or light therapy. Nursing care focuses on safety, support, and education to prevent suicide and promote recovery.
Stimulants work by blocking monoamine transporters like dopamine, increasing their levels in the brain. This can cause both acute effects like euphoria but also chronic addiction through changes in brain regions involved in reward. Management of acute intoxication focuses on stabilization while withdrawal typically resolves in 2 weeks with supportive care. Relapse prevention requires comprehensive psychosocial treatment though some medications may help reduce cocaine use.
1. CBT Based Anxiety Management discusses the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to treat anxiety disorders. It outlines the basics of CBT including the link between thoughts, emotions and behaviors.
2. The document provides information on assessing and managing anxiety using CBT techniques such as cognitive restructuring, relaxation exercises, challenging irrational thoughts, and activity scheduling.
3. Barriers to implementing CBT in Pakistan are discussed, as well as initial findings from qualitative interviews with psychologists on using CBT to treat anxiety and depression.
The document summarizes statistics and research on gambling and gambling addiction. It notes that 85% of Americans have gambled, with 65-80% gambling in the past year. Problem gambling is defined as an urge to gamble despite negative consequences. Pathological gambling is a clinical diagnosis involving uncontrollable gambling behavior. Research suggests genetic and neurological factors, like imbalances in dopamine and serotonin, may contribute to gambling addiction. Treatments include counseling, support groups, and some medications.
PROFESSOR DAVID NUTT - PSYCHEDELIC ASSISTED PSYCHOTHERAPY – NEW NEUROSCIENTIF...iCAADEvents
The document summarizes research on psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. It discusses how psychedelics like LSD, psilocybin, and ketamine were widely used in psychotherapy in the 1950s and 1960s to treat addiction and depression, with largely positive results. However, psychedelics were banned in the 1970s. Recent research has started exploring psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy again. Studies discussed show psilocybin-assisted therapy helped alcoholics stay sober and helped smokers quit. Ketamine therapy was more effective for treating heroin addiction with multiple sessions compared to a single session. The document also reviews neuroscience research on how psychedelics affect brain activity and connectivity, particularly reducing activity in regions linked to depression.
1. The document discusses factors to consider when prescribing psychiatric medications in patients with liver disease. Liver disease can impact the pharmacokinetics of drugs by altering absorption, metabolism, protein binding, and excretion.
2. Drugs are categorized based on their hepatic extraction ratio and metabolism. High extraction drugs are more susceptible to fluctuations. Interactions with liver enzyme inducers/inhibitors and alcohol are also discussed.
3. When prescribing for patients with liver disease, the degree of impairment, drug metabolism pathway, interactions, and narrow therapeutic index drugs should be considered. Dose adjustments and monitoring are often needed.
Risperidone is an antipsychotic medication developed in the 1980s-1990s and approved by the FDA in 1994. It is on the WHO's list of essential medicines. Risperidone is effective at decreasing hallucinations and delusions in psychotic patients, allowing them to function better. It is available in tablet, liquid, and injectable forms. Risperidone is metabolized in the liver and has an oral bioavailability of 70%. Common side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, and hyperprolactinemia. It is indicated for schizophrenia, bipolar mania, autism-related irritability, and other off-label uses, though has black box
This document provides an overview of various classes of psychedelic and hallucinogenic drugs, including their mechanisms of action, sources, effects, and historical uses. It discusses anticholinergic psychedelics like scopolamine found in plants like deadly nightshade. It also covers catecholamine-like drugs like mescaline and MDMA, serotonin-like drugs like LSD, psilocybin, and DMT found in magic mushrooms. The document outlines glutaminergic NMDA receptor antagonists like PCP and ketamine, as well as the opioid kappa receptor agonist salvinorin A. It briefly mentions date rape drugs such as GHB, ketamine, and flunitrazepam.
Major depression is characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure that lasts at least two weeks. About 15% of people experience major depression in their lifetime. Females experience depression twice as often as males. Depression has genetic, biological, psychological, and social causes. Treatment involves psychotherapy, antidepressant medication, electroconvulsive therapy, or light therapy. Nursing care focuses on safety, support, and education to prevent suicide and promote recovery.
Stimulants work by blocking monoamine transporters like dopamine, increasing their levels in the brain. This can cause both acute effects like euphoria but also chronic addiction through changes in brain regions involved in reward. Management of acute intoxication focuses on stabilization while withdrawal typically resolves in 2 weeks with supportive care. Relapse prevention requires comprehensive psychosocial treatment though some medications may help reduce cocaine use.
1. CBT Based Anxiety Management discusses the use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) to treat anxiety disorders. It outlines the basics of CBT including the link between thoughts, emotions and behaviors.
2. The document provides information on assessing and managing anxiety using CBT techniques such as cognitive restructuring, relaxation exercises, challenging irrational thoughts, and activity scheduling.
3. Barriers to implementing CBT in Pakistan are discussed, as well as initial findings from qualitative interviews with psychologists on using CBT to treat anxiety and depression.
The document summarizes statistics and research on gambling and gambling addiction. It notes that 85% of Americans have gambled, with 65-80% gambling in the past year. Problem gambling is defined as an urge to gamble despite negative consequences. Pathological gambling is a clinical diagnosis involving uncontrollable gambling behavior. Research suggests genetic and neurological factors, like imbalances in dopamine and serotonin, may contribute to gambling addiction. Treatments include counseling, support groups, and some medications.
This document discusses treatment options for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It defines TRD as major depression that does not resolve with adequate antidepressant treatment. Approximately 15-20% of depressed patients will have TRD. Treatment options discussed include optimization or augmentation of antidepressants, switching antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation. Future treatment options discussed are novel agents like S-adenosylmethionine and devices like deep brain stimulation. TRD poses substantial economic and disability burdens.
Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are mood disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. Both disorders involve periods of depression, though bipolar disorder also includes manic episodes where a person feels abnormally elevated or irritable. The causes are complex and involve genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Treatments include medication and psychotherapy to manage symptoms and prevent relapse.
Neurobiology of depression- recent updatesSantanu Ghosh
The document summarizes recent updates in the neurobiology of depression. It discusses various areas of the brain implicated in depression and mechanisms of neuroplasticity. It also covers the roles of neurotrophins like BDNF, microRNAs, stress hormones, inflammation, and the gut microbiota in depression pathophysiology. While monoaminergic systems are important, the conclusion states that depression involves multiple brain systems and regulators of central nervous function that require further study.
Anxiety disorder and medical comorbidityAndri Andri
This document discusses the relationship between anxiety disorders and medical comorbidities. It begins by outlining the talk and reviewing the epidemiology of anxiety disorders. It then examines how anxiety can be both primary or secondary to medical conditions and substance abuse. Several studies are cited showing links between anxiety and increased risks of heart disease, respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal problems. The document also reviews treatment approaches for anxiety disorders like SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines, and cognitive behavioral therapy. It provides efficacy evidence and tolerability profiles for sertraline and alprazolam in particular. Finally, it emphasizes that treating anxiety in medically ill patients can improve disease management and reduce risks.
This document provides information on different types and aspects of depression. It begins with introducing depression and outlining its diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-V. It then discusses the epidemiology of depression, including prevalence rates. Next, it covers various correlates, risk factors, and causes of depression including genetic, biological, and psychosocial factors. The document also describes different types of depression and discusses depression in special populations such as children/adolescents, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with medical conditions like stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Finally, it outlines treatment approaches for depression including psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and pharmacotherapy.
This document discusses depression, including its definition, signs, prevalence among various medical illnesses, drugs that can cause it, and treatment options. Regarding treatment, it describes both pharmacological (antidepressant medications) and nonpharmacological (psychotherapy like CBT, IPT, PDT) approaches. It notes that current antidepressant therapy has limitations like slow onset of action and inadequate response for many patients. Psychotherapy techniques aim to help patients identify and change inaccurate perceptions as well as improve communication skills and self-esteem. The overall message is that depression management requires comprehensive assessment, formulation of an individualized treatment plan including medications and therapy, and proactive follow-up to prevent relapse.
The document provides an overview of antipsychotic drugs. It discusses the history and classification of antipsychotics and their mechanisms of action. First generation antipsychotics act primarily as dopamine antagonists, while second generation drugs also act as serotonin antagonists. Common side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, metabolic issues, and tardive dyskinesia. Newer treatments target glutamate receptors or have novel mechanisms of action like partial dopamine agonism to provide antipsychotic effects with fewer side effects.
1. Rapid cycling refers to 4 or more mood episodes within a year with no required period of remission between episodes.
2. Treatment is challenging as rapid cycling is relatively resistant to pharmacological treatment, though the goal is significant symptom reduction rather than complete prevention.
3. Treatment involves identifying and addressing potential contributing factors like medical illnesses or substances, stopping antidepressants, adding a mood stabilizer like lithium or valproate, and sometimes combining agents with anti-manic and antidepressant properties.
Quetiapine (brand name Seroquel) is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and other mental health conditions. It works by affecting dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain. Generic versions have been found to be equivalent to the brand name when rated by the FDA. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and dry mouth. It is important to take quetiapine as prescribed by your doctor and notify them immediately of any severe side effects. Community support workers should follow care plans, monitor for side effects, and ensure clients stay hydrated when taking quetiapine.
Ketamine - clinical use in major depression - Mats Lindström - SSAI2017scanFOAM
1. Ketamine shows promise as a rapid-acting antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression based on early studies.
2. A new clinical trial called KetECT is investigating low-dose ketamine versus ECT for major depressive disorder. It will include 200 patients treated with intravenous ketamine or ECT up to 12 times.
3. More research is still needed to understand ketamine's long-term efficacy and safety profile, as well as its use in bipolar depression before clinical guidelines can be revised to recommend its use.
Vortioxetine Brintellix Trintellix Clinical and Pre-clinical DataAmit Vishwakarma
Vortioxetine is indicated for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Vortioxetine has several novel pharmacological properties
Vortioxetine is different from SSRIs/SNRIs due to direct effects at 5-HT receptors
In addition to being a SSRI, vortioxetine has modulating activity of a variety of serotonin receptors
Cognitive improvement is novel in series of antidepressant drugs
This document discusses treatment resistant depression. It begins by providing epidemiological data on depression worldwide and notes that treatment resistant depression (TRD) is becoming more prevalent. It then discusses factors associated with TRD like psychiatric and medical comorbidities, gender, family history, illness severity and chronicity. The document outlines approaches to defining and staging TRD. It discusses challenges in differentiating true treatment resistance from pseudo-resistance. Finally, it summarizes large clinical trials on sequencing treatments for TRD like the STAR*D trial.
This document discusses resistant depression and treatment strategies. It begins with an introduction to major depression and outlines its global health burden. It then defines treatment-resistant depression as generally failing to respond to at least two antidepressant trials of adequate dose and duration. The document reviews factors associated with treatment resistance and strategies for managing it, including switching or augmenting antidepressants, adding lithium, psychotherapy, or atypical antipsychotics. It emphasizes the importance of achieving full remission to prevent relapse and improve outcomes.
PSYCHIATRY REVISION NOTES REVISION NOTES BASED ON LECTURE NOTES WITH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
WITH HIGH YIELD TOPICS
ALCOHOL
CAFFEINE
NICOTINE
COCAINE
SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS
NEET AIIMS PG PREPARATION
This document provides a group proposal template for a group counseling program focused on masculine identification and male gender identity. The group aims to help men establish a personal meaning of masculinity and secure their gender identity. Key aspects of the proposal include:
- The group will use an interpersonal approach focused on here-and-now interactions between members to explore masculinity.
- Goals include establishing a personal meaning of masculinity, securing gender identity, creating support among men, and evaluating cultural and father-son influences.
- Eight weekly 2-hour sessions are outlined, with activities like trust falls, mazes, and climbing challenges to improve communication and teamwork.
- Sessions will challenge male-specific issues
The document discusses the neurobiology of drug addiction. It describes how drugs of abuse act on the brain's reward system and other neurocircuitry to produce rewarding and reinforcing effects that lead to compulsion and addiction. Key areas discussed include how drugs increase dopamine and activate opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala during the acute phase, and later recruit stress systems like CRF to drive compulsive use associated with withdrawal.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by processing traumatic memories. It was developed by Francine Shapiro and uses eye movements combined with recalling a traumatic memory to reduce the emotional intensity of that memory. The therapy process involves identifying a disturbing memory or event, developing negative and positive beliefs about it, and using sets of eye movements while focusing on the memory to install the positive beliefs. EMDR addresses past, present and future aspects of traumatic memories over multiple therapy sessions to fully process the memory.
Dysthymia, or persistent depressive disorder, is a chronic form of depression that lasts for at least two years in adults and one year in children. Common symptoms include feelings of negativity, low self-esteem, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns. Approximately 3-6% of Americans experience dysthymia at some point. Women and African Americans have higher rates than other groups. Causes may include genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment options include yoga therapy, which can help regulate mood and reduce stress through gentle stretching, breathing, and meditation exercises.
The document provides an overview of psychosis, schizophrenia, and the neurobiology and pharmacology of antipsychotic medications. It describes the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and discusses several neurotransmitter hypotheses. It then outlines the mechanisms and side effects of first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics, including their actions on dopamine, serotonin, and other receptors. Individual antipsychotic drugs are also summarized in terms of their clinical uses and adverse effect profiles.
This document discusses antidepressant drugs and their mechanisms of action. It summarizes that antidepressants work by altering neurotransmitter systems like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain that are implicated in depression. The first antidepressants discovered were monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which increase neurotransmitter activity by inhibiting reuptake or metabolism. More recent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed today due to fewer side effects compared to older drug classes.
This document provides tips for effective presentations. It advises presenters to structure their talk with an introduction, aims, and conclusions. Presenters should rehearse in front of an audience and maintain eye contact. They should prepare well in advance and not try to wing it. Visual aids can help clarify ideas. Presenters should accept nervousness as normal but speak at a normal pace and avoid cluttering slides. They should prepare the right amount of material and not start with an apology.
This document discusses treatment options for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). It defines TRD as major depression that does not resolve with adequate antidepressant treatment. Approximately 15-20% of depressed patients will have TRD. Treatment options discussed include optimization or augmentation of antidepressants, switching antidepressants, electroconvulsive therapy, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation. Future treatment options discussed are novel agents like S-adenosylmethionine and devices like deep brain stimulation. TRD poses substantial economic and disability burdens.
Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are mood disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. Both disorders involve periods of depression, though bipolar disorder also includes manic episodes where a person feels abnormally elevated or irritable. The causes are complex and involve genetic, biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Treatments include medication and psychotherapy to manage symptoms and prevent relapse.
Neurobiology of depression- recent updatesSantanu Ghosh
The document summarizes recent updates in the neurobiology of depression. It discusses various areas of the brain implicated in depression and mechanisms of neuroplasticity. It also covers the roles of neurotrophins like BDNF, microRNAs, stress hormones, inflammation, and the gut microbiota in depression pathophysiology. While monoaminergic systems are important, the conclusion states that depression involves multiple brain systems and regulators of central nervous function that require further study.
Anxiety disorder and medical comorbidityAndri Andri
This document discusses the relationship between anxiety disorders and medical comorbidities. It begins by outlining the talk and reviewing the epidemiology of anxiety disorders. It then examines how anxiety can be both primary or secondary to medical conditions and substance abuse. Several studies are cited showing links between anxiety and increased risks of heart disease, respiratory illness, and gastrointestinal problems. The document also reviews treatment approaches for anxiety disorders like SSRIs, SNRIs, benzodiazepines, and cognitive behavioral therapy. It provides efficacy evidence and tolerability profiles for sertraline and alprazolam in particular. Finally, it emphasizes that treating anxiety in medically ill patients can improve disease management and reduce risks.
This document provides information on different types and aspects of depression. It begins with introducing depression and outlining its diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-10 and DSM-V. It then discusses the epidemiology of depression, including prevalence rates. Next, it covers various correlates, risk factors, and causes of depression including genetic, biological, and psychosocial factors. The document also describes different types of depression and discusses depression in special populations such as children/adolescents, the elderly, pregnant women, and those with medical conditions like stroke, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Finally, it outlines treatment approaches for depression including psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and pharmacotherapy.
This document discusses depression, including its definition, signs, prevalence among various medical illnesses, drugs that can cause it, and treatment options. Regarding treatment, it describes both pharmacological (antidepressant medications) and nonpharmacological (psychotherapy like CBT, IPT, PDT) approaches. It notes that current antidepressant therapy has limitations like slow onset of action and inadequate response for many patients. Psychotherapy techniques aim to help patients identify and change inaccurate perceptions as well as improve communication skills and self-esteem. The overall message is that depression management requires comprehensive assessment, formulation of an individualized treatment plan including medications and therapy, and proactive follow-up to prevent relapse.
The document provides an overview of antipsychotic drugs. It discusses the history and classification of antipsychotics and their mechanisms of action. First generation antipsychotics act primarily as dopamine antagonists, while second generation drugs also act as serotonin antagonists. Common side effects include extrapyramidal symptoms, weight gain, metabolic issues, and tardive dyskinesia. Newer treatments target glutamate receptors or have novel mechanisms of action like partial dopamine agonism to provide antipsychotic effects with fewer side effects.
1. Rapid cycling refers to 4 or more mood episodes within a year with no required period of remission between episodes.
2. Treatment is challenging as rapid cycling is relatively resistant to pharmacological treatment, though the goal is significant symptom reduction rather than complete prevention.
3. Treatment involves identifying and addressing potential contributing factors like medical illnesses or substances, stopping antidepressants, adding a mood stabilizer like lithium or valproate, and sometimes combining agents with anti-manic and antidepressant properties.
Quetiapine (brand name Seroquel) is an antipsychotic medication used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, and other mental health conditions. It works by affecting dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain. Generic versions have been found to be equivalent to the brand name when rated by the FDA. Common side effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and dry mouth. It is important to take quetiapine as prescribed by your doctor and notify them immediately of any severe side effects. Community support workers should follow care plans, monitor for side effects, and ensure clients stay hydrated when taking quetiapine.
Ketamine - clinical use in major depression - Mats Lindström - SSAI2017scanFOAM
1. Ketamine shows promise as a rapid-acting antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression based on early studies.
2. A new clinical trial called KetECT is investigating low-dose ketamine versus ECT for major depressive disorder. It will include 200 patients treated with intravenous ketamine or ECT up to 12 times.
3. More research is still needed to understand ketamine's long-term efficacy and safety profile, as well as its use in bipolar depression before clinical guidelines can be revised to recommend its use.
Vortioxetine Brintellix Trintellix Clinical and Pre-clinical DataAmit Vishwakarma
Vortioxetine is indicated for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Vortioxetine has several novel pharmacological properties
Vortioxetine is different from SSRIs/SNRIs due to direct effects at 5-HT receptors
In addition to being a SSRI, vortioxetine has modulating activity of a variety of serotonin receptors
Cognitive improvement is novel in series of antidepressant drugs
This document discusses treatment resistant depression. It begins by providing epidemiological data on depression worldwide and notes that treatment resistant depression (TRD) is becoming more prevalent. It then discusses factors associated with TRD like psychiatric and medical comorbidities, gender, family history, illness severity and chronicity. The document outlines approaches to defining and staging TRD. It discusses challenges in differentiating true treatment resistance from pseudo-resistance. Finally, it summarizes large clinical trials on sequencing treatments for TRD like the STAR*D trial.
This document discusses resistant depression and treatment strategies. It begins with an introduction to major depression and outlines its global health burden. It then defines treatment-resistant depression as generally failing to respond to at least two antidepressant trials of adequate dose and duration. The document reviews factors associated with treatment resistance and strategies for managing it, including switching or augmenting antidepressants, adding lithium, psychotherapy, or atypical antipsychotics. It emphasizes the importance of achieving full remission to prevent relapse and improve outcomes.
PSYCHIATRY REVISION NOTES REVISION NOTES BASED ON LECTURE NOTES WITH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
WITH HIGH YIELD TOPICS
ALCOHOL
CAFFEINE
NICOTINE
COCAINE
SUBSTANCE ABUSE DISORDERS
NEET AIIMS PG PREPARATION
This document provides a group proposal template for a group counseling program focused on masculine identification and male gender identity. The group aims to help men establish a personal meaning of masculinity and secure their gender identity. Key aspects of the proposal include:
- The group will use an interpersonal approach focused on here-and-now interactions between members to explore masculinity.
- Goals include establishing a personal meaning of masculinity, securing gender identity, creating support among men, and evaluating cultural and father-son influences.
- Eight weekly 2-hour sessions are outlined, with activities like trust falls, mazes, and climbing challenges to improve communication and teamwork.
- Sessions will challenge male-specific issues
The document discusses the neurobiology of drug addiction. It describes how drugs of abuse act on the brain's reward system and other neurocircuitry to produce rewarding and reinforcing effects that lead to compulsion and addiction. Key areas discussed include how drugs increase dopamine and activate opioid receptors in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala during the acute phase, and later recruit stress systems like CRF to drive compulsive use associated with withdrawal.
Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) by processing traumatic memories. It was developed by Francine Shapiro and uses eye movements combined with recalling a traumatic memory to reduce the emotional intensity of that memory. The therapy process involves identifying a disturbing memory or event, developing negative and positive beliefs about it, and using sets of eye movements while focusing on the memory to install the positive beliefs. EMDR addresses past, present and future aspects of traumatic memories over multiple therapy sessions to fully process the memory.
Dysthymia, or persistent depressive disorder, is a chronic form of depression that lasts for at least two years in adults and one year in children. Common symptoms include feelings of negativity, low self-esteem, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns. Approximately 3-6% of Americans experience dysthymia at some point. Women and African Americans have higher rates than other groups. Causes may include genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment options include yoga therapy, which can help regulate mood and reduce stress through gentle stretching, breathing, and meditation exercises.
The document provides an overview of psychosis, schizophrenia, and the neurobiology and pharmacology of antipsychotic medications. It describes the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and discusses several neurotransmitter hypotheses. It then outlines the mechanisms and side effects of first-generation and second-generation antipsychotics, including their actions on dopamine, serotonin, and other receptors. Individual antipsychotic drugs are also summarized in terms of their clinical uses and adverse effect profiles.
This document discusses antidepressant drugs and their mechanisms of action. It summarizes that antidepressants work by altering neurotransmitter systems like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain that are implicated in depression. The first antidepressants discovered were monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which increase neurotransmitter activity by inhibiting reuptake or metabolism. More recent selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly prescribed today due to fewer side effects compared to older drug classes.
This document provides tips for effective presentations. It advises presenters to structure their talk with an introduction, aims, and conclusions. Presenters should rehearse in front of an audience and maintain eye contact. They should prepare well in advance and not try to wing it. Visual aids can help clarify ideas. Presenters should accept nervousness as normal but speak at a normal pace and avoid cluttering slides. They should prepare the right amount of material and not start with an apology.
The document summarizes key points about Beverly Engel's book "The Power of Apology". It discusses that the book covers how learning to give, receive, and ask for apologies is important for relationships. A meaningful apology communicates regret, responsibility, and remedy for the mistake or wrongdoing. Remaining silent instead of asking for an apology when hurt can cause as many problems as not apologizing when hurting someone else.
The document discusses the path of forgiveness as a journey with steps including loss, anger, acceptance, learning, forgiveness, and restoration. Forgiveness is described as a bridge that carries people from hurt to greater peace and acceptance. It involves choosing love over fear and allows one to regain a sense of wholeness. The path of forgiveness weaves through memories to restore what was lost and come to terms with one's life story.
This document provides 9 tips for delivering an amazingly boring presentation:
1. Start by following convention, reading from a lengthy note, or making apologies.
2. Continue in the middle by not allowing audience interaction, speaking in a monotone voice, and using filler words.
3. End by making excuses for not preparing well, finishing with a lengthy question and answer session where you re-explain slides, or exceeding the allotted time for your presentation.
The document provides examples of standard, boring presentation templates and encourages the creation of unique, visually appealing templates instead. It emphasizes using fewer words and more images per slide, varying fonts and colors, and breaking content into multiple slides to keep audiences engaged. Inspiration sources like design blogs and galleries of infographics and slide designs are recommended for making impactful presentations that attract and impress audiences.
drogas, dependencia quimica, ibogaina, tratamento de drogasDra. Cleuza Canan
Dependencia química / Ibogaina
Tratamento de drogas
O atual momento da ibogaína merece uma tomada de consciência e um grande senso de responsabilidade das pessoas... Estão aparecendo a cada dia novas pseudo-clínicas, todas alardeando uma experiência e um conhecimento que não possuem, buscando atrair os incautos pacientes e familiares que, desesperados, tentam qualquer coisa sem pensar direito no que estão fazendo.
Como sempre dizemos, o tratamento com ibogaína é um procedimento que não é isento de riscos, deve ser feito em ambiente médico-hospitalar, com o paciente internado, para ser protegido e monitorado. O paciente deve estar limpo de drogas e de remédios por um tempo variável, de acordo com cada situação individual, e deve ser submetido a uma bateria de exames antes do procedimento. E a medicação utilizada, deve ser GMP, ou seja, fabricada segundo as boas práticas farmacêuticas.
Não confie em locais que usam, como diferencial para fazer propaganda, o argumento de que não é necessária internação, nem exames e nem abstinência prévia. Pelo menos 60 dias de internação são necessárias sim, para inclusive proteger o paciente de qualquer evento adverso .
Não confie em locais e sites que dão a entender que a ibogaína é a "cura" da dependência química, isso é simplificar demais um problema sério.
Desde que se descobriram os efeitos anti-dependência da ibogaína, em 1962, ocorreram cerca de 20.000 tratamentos em todo o mundo. Nestes 20.000 tratamentos, ocorreram 19 mortes, todas relacionadas a problemas de saúde prévios ( que teriam sido detectados se o paciente tivesse feito um check-up antes do procedimento) e também a uso de drogas muito perto do uso da ibogaína ( o que teria sido evitado se o paciente estivesse sob vigilância especializada).
Então, não confie em pessoas que menosprezam o poder da substância, que não entendem do assunto e visam apenas lucro.
Não confie tambem em locais que indicam a ibogaína como uma panacéia, que cura tudo, desde a dependência até queda de cabelo. Claramente, isso é uma tentativa de angariar mais pacientes e aumentar os lucros.
Mesmo sendo derivada de uma planta, certos cuidados devem ser tomados. Não é toda medicação derivada de plantas que é "tranquila" ou "fraquinha", quem fala isso demonstra que não entende do assunto.
A ibogaína é muito eficiente, principalmente se comparada aos outros tratamentos disponíveis, mas para atingir bons resultados, é necessária uma expertise que alguns locais que fazem propaganda disseminada não possuem.
Apenas a título de informação, aqui está o link para um trabalho científico comentando essas mortes às quais me referi. Observe como no texto é dito que esses casos todos foram de pacientes com problemas de saúde prévios, usando medicação de origem desconhecida.
1. The document discusses behavioral wellbeing in the workplace and outlines some key statistics about mental health issues and sick days. It encourages bringing one's authentic self to work by being transparent, understanding different perspectives, and embracing vulnerability.
2. Around 1 in 4 people experience a mental health issue each year, and sick days resulting from mental health costs the UK economy greatly in lost productivity.
3. The presentation argues that balancing wellbeing requires energy but that being present and "going with the flow" feels less stressful than hiding one's true self at work.
Psychology and High Performance Organizations John Willis
The document discusses psychology and high performance organizations. It covers topics like burnout, mindsets, mindfulness. It summarizes a devops survey that found benefits of continuous improvement culture. It describes burnout as having three dimensions: exhaustion, cynicism, lack of efficacy. Burnout can be reduced by addressing mismatches like workload and lack of control. Cultivating a growth mindset and mindfulness can help people develop their abilities and overcome challenges.
Psilocybin Shows Great Hope for Treating Depression Says New Study in the NE ...Evergreen Buzz
Psilocybin for depression, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/medical/psilocybin-from-mushrooms-shows-great-hope-for-treating-depression-and-needs-more-testing-says
Psilocybin as a Cure for Depression? New Study in New England Journal of Medi...Cannabis News
Can psilocybin cure depression, read this https://cannabis.net/blog/medical/psilocybin-from-mushrooms-shows-great-hope-for-treating-depression-and-needs-more-testing-says
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Practical Accommodations for Mental HealthLaura Ku
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presentation for the psychologically healthy workplace conference, presented by american psychological association practice organization.
march 5, 2010
washington, dc.
http://www.phwa.org
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8. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/40775084@N05/11981873176/ via compfight.com
Psilocybin is
Psilocybin is
psychoactive substance
psychoactive substance
found in over 200
found in over 200
species of mushrooms.
species of mushrooms.
It has been used for
It has been used for
many generations and by
many generations and by
our great ancestors for
our great ancestors for
ritualistic ceremonies.
ritualistic ceremonies.
9. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/14111752@N07/3414713054/ via compfight.com
Suggestion of human use
Suggestion of human use
dates back to at least
dates back to at least
9000 BCE
9000 BCE
In the Aztec language of
In the Aztec language of
Nahuatl, the mushrooms
Nahuatl, the mushrooms
are called Teonanacatl
are called Teonanacatl
which translates to
which translates to
“God’s Flesh”.
“God’s Flesh”.
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Psilocybin’s effect causes aa
Psilocybin’s effect causes
transcendental effect, with
transcendental effect, with
deeper connection to the
deeper connection to the
world itself. Best describe as aa
world itself. Best describe as
‘oneness’ with all existence.
‘oneness’ with all existence.
11. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/12278984@N02/7254347346/ via compfight.com
Research for medical
Research for medical
use started in the
use started in the
1950’s and 60’s.
1950’s and 60’s.
It was later
It was later
discontinued because
discontinued because
of the potential
of the potential
‘danger’ of the
‘danger’ of the
substance.
substance.
12. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/36248859@N02/6941464754/ via compfight.com
The decline and regulations on
The decline and regulations on
research into psilocybin eventually
research into psilocybin eventually
led to a global discontinuation by
led to a global discontinuation by
1980, a major step in the wrong
1980, a major step in the wrong
directions for psychological study.
directions for psychological study.
13. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/40933543@N00/2305701220/ via compfight.com
Hope through
Hope through
psychedelic therapy
psychedelic therapy
for psychological
for psychological
disorders was lost
disorders was lost
during this time.
during this time.
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Trials and studies are proving
Trials and studies are proving
positive results and in many
positive results and in many
cases having long term effects
cases having long term effects
on some of the most difficult
on some of the most difficult
things to treat.
things to treat.
More than half of the
More than half of the
participants have
participants have
recorded an overall
recorded an overall
better well being even
better well being even
14 months after the
14 months after the
sessions
sessions
17. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/29901781@N02/4094633534/ via compfight.com
The use of psychedelic therapy for
The use of psychedelic therapy for
psychological disorders could lead
psychological disorders could lead
to a more vibrant, fulfilling life for
to a more vibrant, fulfilling life for
those in despair. The support of
those in despair. The support of
the public is vital to it’s success.
the public is vital to it’s success.
18. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/16230215@N08/2291459365/ via compfight.com
Psilocybin has been used for generations, and though it was
Psilocybin has been used for generations, and though it was
discontinued for several decades, research is being brought to life
discontinued for several decades, research is being brought to life
again and has proven phenomenal results for psychological
again and has proven phenomenal results for psychological
disorders.
disorders.
19. • http://www.flickr.com/photos/30420396@N03/10803076125/ via compfight.com
Psychedelic Therapy is
Psychedelic Therapy is
an old idea with a new
an old idea with a new
hope in today’s medical
hope in today’s medical
field for psychological
field for psychological
disorders.
disorders.
Slide 1: Imagine for just a second, suffering from the terrors of PTSD or the bleak reality that your life will be coming to an end soon because of a terminal illness, be that cancer or some other possible condition. Fear, uncertainty, depression. These things are real and almost everyone knows someone who is affected by a psychological disorder or know or have known someone who is terminally ill.
Slide 2: •Modern, everyday medicine has yet to come as far as to fully address these problems. There are medicines that work to alleviate the symptoms and keep balance in a person’s chemical mind, yet when the medicine stops, the problem returns with all of it’s destructive power.
Image http://www.flickr.com/photos/67344573@N00/3251649457/ via compfight.com
Slide 3: •Doctors and scientists at a number of renowned Universities have revisited an idea, a practice, that was abandoned and rejected roughly 40 years ago. This idea, is Psychedelic Therapy, and continued study and trial has shown that this may be the key to unlocking the prisoners of depression, death anxiety, PTSD and many other psychological problems and disorders.
Initial study in psychedelics was held back in the 1950’s and 60’s, but soon after, scientific study was undermined by advocators such as Timothy Leary and the Hippie counter-culture movement.
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Slide 4: Psychedelic Therapy is important and must be pursued, not only for the sake of medical advancement but for the sake of the quiet sufferers that are within our society. The results that have been recorded are undeniable, and powerful, and even emotionally moving to hear. But what exactly is this ‘psychedelic therapy’ that I am speaking of?
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Slide 5: Through hours of study and a deep interest in this topic, I would like to show the effects and possibilities that psychedelic therapy offers for many patients who have struggled with depression, anxiety, OCD, and other mental disorders. The findings of these trials and studies have led to hope for many who thought they had none. My main focus will be directed towards psilocybin, as it has had the most clinical studies out of the numerous psychedelic substances available.
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Slide 6: Over time, the general public has become increasingly more aware of alternative medicine and it’s importance and functions when it comes to treating many ailments, especially those that are presented by the human condition. At this point in time, we may finally be able to explore the realm of psychedelics to be used for medical use.
Many religious groups throughout history have used psilocybin for sacred rituals and for exploration of the psyche, but there are other uses outside of religious realization and spiritual growth that these substances can provide. So, lets take a look at where this may lead.
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Slide 7: There are three important things to look at when it comes to psychedelic therapy:
1. What is psilocybin and it’s effects?
2. What medical uses does it have and what problems does it address?
3. The personal experiences of people who have gone through the psychedelic therapy trials.
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Slide 8: Psilocybin is a psychoactive compound that is prominent in many species of mushrooms, and is what causes the hallucinatory affect in “magic mushrooms”. For generations, psilocybin has been used to explore the mind more fully and has been prominent in many religious cultures. References to the ‘mushroom’ date back even as far as early cave drawings that archaeologists have uncovered.
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Slide 9: Earliest records of human use are hard to trace specifically, however cave murals as far back as 9000 BCE - 7000 BCE have been found in the Sahara desert in the southern portion of Algeria with figures holding mushroom like objects, with lines extending from the mushroom to the center of the figures head. Other notable places that these types of murals were found range from Villar del Humo in Spain dating back to about 6000 BCE and more recent murals and artifacts in Guatemala likely created by the Mayan and Aztec cultures.
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Slide 10: Psilocybin’s psychological effects are that of a transcendental state and acceptance with the world that is. When consumed, it pushes the user into a deeper perceptual state that is not a possibility otherwise, except through some forms of deep meditation. Often described as a religious or mystical experience, it removes the user from the idea of self and puts them into a mind set of connectedness and ‘oneness’ with everything.
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Slide 11: Psilocybin was pursued during the 1950s and 60s for psychological medical use to treat multiple mental disorders ranging from OCD and Depression to PTSD and Anxiety. However, a twisted view of the substance was later put forth to the general public because of it’s abuse by the hippie subculture of the 1960s. Research was discontinued because the substance was considered dangerous by the standards of the US government.
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Slide 12: Abuse of psilocybin led to a complete shutting down of research programs globally. This was a major step in the wrong direction for psychology and medical progress. Early psilocybin tests were showing positive results with many mental disorders through studies at Harvard and other prestigious universities. However, the advantage of psilocybin was neglected for the sake of governments deciding it was to be deemed a Schedule I drug, being among the most dangerous with the likes of heroin, despite psilocybins non-addictive properties and practically 0 toxicity level.
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Slide 13: This being a major setback, there was still no cure for depression, anxiety, OCD and PTSD and time carried on with medical treatments that were suitable for alleviating symptoms from these conditions, but nothing with lasting effects.
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Slide 14: In the past decade research and study has become revamped and has reignited interest in a number of Universities by the likes of John Hopkins University and the University of Arizona among others.
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Slide 15: The new trials are proving to have overwhelmingly positive effects in participants lives. Many patients have reported long term alleviation of their conditions and overall increase in life satisfaction and happiness. Patients are given questionnaires immediately after the experience and then again at a further out time period. In the John Hopkins studies, participants are re-surveyed 14 months after their session and results have shown that more than half the participants record a much higher well-being than that of their condition before the sessions.
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Slide 16: With the results that have been captured, could this be the change that psychological disorders are in need of? Could psilocybin be the tool to a better life for those suffering from depression, anxiety, PTSD, OCD and terminally ill patients approaching death? The news of acceptance, better well being and higher life satisfaction in members of the trials could be pointing in the right direction.
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Slide 17:The results that Psychedelic therapy are yielding with patients are astounding and beautiful. What psychology needs as a whole is to embrace the importance of this type of therapy and be supportive in the future research and trials that are to come with this life changing medical research. The results are real, and they are able to conquer some of the most widespread psychological disorders of today.
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Slide 18: Psilocybin has been an important substance in religious and mental explorations for generations dating back to 9000 BCE and possibly even before. Medical research with psychedelic therapy was conducted in the 1950s and 60s but was later discontinued because of the abuse by the hippy subculture of the 60s. However, in the past decade psychedelic therapy research has become revamped and is showing incredibly positive results with hard to treat psychological disorders. Psychedelic Therapy could be the new frontier in mental health treatment.
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Slide 19: Psychedelic Therapy is an old idea with a new hope in today’s medical field for psychological disorders.
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Slide 20: There is hope for those silent sufferers of our society, we must first embrace and support the next steps in psychedelic therapy research.
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