Discourses In Childhood

Discourses in Childhood
What is a discourse? Describe two competing discourses of childhood and suggest the ways that
they can have an impact on children's lives.
The concept of discourse is the key to understanding a social constructionist approach to childhood.
A discourse is an independent set of interrelated ideas held by a particular ideology or worldview.
The social constructionist approach tries to describe the different ways in which knowledge of
children and childhoods are constructed.
Different discourses of childhood have different ideas of childhood which has different implications
on the way in which children are treated. Within the social constructionist theory there are 3 main
discourses – romantic, puritan and tabula rasa. This essay will look ... Show more content on
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However in a scene where Lester thinks his fantasy of Angela is about to come true, Angela reveals
that she innocent in her knowledge of sexual matters, reminding viewers that she is still a child in
need of protection. This film clip began as depicting an amoral, sinful, 'knowing' young girl in line
with the puritan discourse and ends by depicting children as people in need of protection and who
are innocent, and as childhood as a time which adults should be protecting the child from anything
that will shatter the child's innocence. In a sense, the end of the clip depicts the adult's job as to be
the hero, saving the child from 'evil' much the same as the man in the Peugeot advert mentioned
earlier.
These discourses affect our views of children which in turn affects how children are thought of and
therefore treated. In adopting a Romantic view, you will see children as innocence which in the 2
media clips, was associatedwith vulnerability and purity. According to Rousseau, children should be
protected from the adult world, and everything should be done to make their childhood a happy
carefree time. As already seen though through the 2 film clips, the Puritan discourse treats children
as being unruly and in need of control. They are treated as being responsible
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Childhood Development : Middle Childhood
Middle Childhood Development
The middle childhood is to leave the play years to start maturing years to start adolescence (Berk,
2010). During the middle childhood, children began to have a lot physical changes. As well as, they
begin to discover there identify that they are. For example, secondary sexual organs begin to
develop in the boys and girls, they will confuse about identify. The puberty is the cycle when
children are out of control because they will transition to leave the children to enter adolescence. For
instance, physical and behavioral changes will have some consequences if pre–adolescences do not
deal well with them. Middle childhood is divided into two categories 6 to 8 and 9 to 12 years that
reflects on children's behavior (Nuru–Jeter et al., 2010). For instance, children learn to interact with
other children, and how they will manage emotions and behaviors. Also, how they have to act with
adults and children that totally different it. Also, the girl and boy have different physical and
behavior changes for the gender difference. Middle childhood development makes for some factors
that influence on physical changes, brain and nervous system, and social and emotional changes.
Factors Influences on Physical Changes Children have a lot of factors that influence their physical
changes. For example, after preschool years children start to lose their baby teeth, and the skeleton
begins to grow. During the preschool years, when the children grow slower than

Bilingual Childhood
There are still a lot of research is done on bilingual childhood. What we know is that the children
can learn two or more languages in childhood without any problems. And in fact, it is much easier to
learn the language in the early years. Dr. Barbara Conboy states that "having strong foundation in a
home language will help a child succeed." Therefore, exposure to another language can enrich
children's ability to acquire and comprehend languages in general.
Children learn at their own pace. They can develop language skills at a different rate than a
monolingual child. Children learning two languages at the same time can have a smaller vocabulary
in one or both languages, compared to children learn only one language. However, when both
languages are taken into consideration, bilingual children tend to have the same number of words as
monolinguals. Remember that these differences usually temporary. By the time most children
entered school bilingual, develop their vocabulary caught up with monolingual children. An
important variable for the learning of bilingual is consistency in how children are exposed to two
languages throughout their childhood. You may choose to provide a consistency in many different
ways. For families living in the community whose first language is not supported, it is important to
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Reflecting the diversity of culture and language in the classroom will show how much their families
are valued and respected. They feel validate home language in the classroom. Supporting dual
language is made a connection to anti–bias education in the school setting. Children are aware of
differences in language, color, gender and ability. Therefore, they feel welcome that their families'
identities are presenting in the environment. Educators provide a safe environment to all children to
learn outside from the home. It challenges us to make it inclusive and

Childhood Diagnoses
Social Problem Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD, F91.3 [313.81]), Conduct
Disorder (CD, F91.1 [312.81]), and Attention–deficit/hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, F90.2
[314.01]) have always been a part of our society. These DSM–V diagnoses are regularly referred to
as "disrupted behavioral disorders" (DBD). These diagnoses can lead to several issues for children
and their families. Children with the ODD diagnosis are seen to be angry and irritable. They can
easily lose their temper and have trouble following rules (Morrison, 2014). CD is shown through
children that chronically disrespect other people and rules, and who frequently start fights
(Morrison, 2014). Children with ADHD are often fidgety, restless, and have trouble concentrating
(Morrison, 2014). These are not issues in themselves, but only become an issue when the child
needs to be still and pay attention in a classroom or home setting. These three childhood diagnoses
are ones that can greatly affect the family life and education of a child. Many times children with
these diagnoses are referred to mental health treatment from their teachers or school counselors
(Morrison, 2014). Before a child is of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The diagnosis of ADHD effects boys at a higher rate than it does girls. Over two times as many boys
(12.1%) as girls (5.5%) are given the diagnosis of ADHD (Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), 2007). This difference in boys and girls diagnosis is because boys with ADHD
are more likely to be engaged in externalizing behaviors, which often cause a child to be referred to
a mental health professional, while girls with ADHD are more likely to have internalizing behaviors
(Abikoff, H., et al, 2002). The average age of a child being diagnosed with ADHD depends upon the
severity of the diagnosis. For mild cases the average age of diagnosis is 8, for moderate ADHD it is
age 7, and for more severe cases the age is 5 (Visser, et al,

Construction Of Childhood
The construction of childhood closely relates to the perspectives of developmental theories that
focus on describing and understanding the processes of learning and development for children. The
above image represents a group of Chinese young children at age four who are learning how to draw
in color markers. It is evidence that these children are drawing the same thing in exactly same color
and drawing tools, which symbolise the current situation in Chinese Early Learning Centre. Chinese
young children are required to imitate the drawing that educators provided instead of exploring
creative drawings using children's own imagination ability. Thus, the pedagogical principle of
Chinese Early Learning Centre is based on the normalisation of imagination ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrasting to Australian teaching curriculum and pedagogy, Australian children are encouraged
to develop their own understanding of drawings based on children's own interests or intelligent
which is self–initiated development. The self–initiated activity involves decision–making skills and
problem–solving skills, in this case, children may choose the content that they are going to draw and
which color should be used. The contrast between Australian Early Learning Centre and Chinese
Early Learning Centre shows that what is possible for children to achieve when they are encouraged
to plan and reflect on their learning and self–activities. Within Piagetian developmental theory,
development and learning followed a series of qualitatively different stages that were primarily
linked to the age of the child. Piaget's developmental theory also suggests that teaching should be
matched to the needs of

Childhood Interview
I had the opportunity to work extensively with the kids both in formal and informal settings. As I
have worked with a large number of kids, I realize it is important to understand a child's individual
needs. Every child is different and requires attention; while at the same time childhood years
contribute significantly to a child's mental development. I have previously struggled to understand
these individual requirements regarding children. However, as my experience grew and I had the
chance of working with different children. Some of them were shy, some suffered anxiety, and some
were slow learners whereas other were hyper. I became flexible in my interaction with kids which I
believe is the strongest attribute of my personality. This has also helped me overcome the hesitation
of understanding a child ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Have you had any leadership experience? What did you learn? I had several opportunities to
participate in leadership roles and to work with some of the brightest minds. Team coordination has
been important to me from a perspective of team leader at orphanages: polishing leadership skills in
children by helping their thinking process, from perspective of a lead dancer: in coordination of
dance troupe's movements and last but not the least as a social activist who led national movement
for child–rights awareness. Thus, I am honored to possess leadership experience in multiple sections
of community service. 4. How would you describe your personality? I am flexible and easy–going
person who loves to participate in conversations. However, I am not an extrovert. Moreover, I
always find myself sensitive to issues around me. I love to around children and like to be playful
and active participant in different games. One aspect of my personality I would like to share is that I
am ambitious and I am always looking for improvement in my work. Thus, I believe I am going
through personal development at college which is shaping my personality in a more positive

Childhood and Information
Understand partnerships working in services for children and young people
Task 2 understands the importance of effective communication and information sharing in services
for children and young people.
2.1 –
Describe why clear and effective communication between partners is required:
Clear and effective communication between partners is required because you have to share
information about children's learning and development, this is particularly important because when
sharing information it is crucial that there are no mistakes made as this can then affect the
information that has been shared and also you must ensure there are no barriers within the
communication; also when working with partners effective communication is also ... Show more
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Settings will require different ways to record information like:
Observations
Assessments
Incidents
Injury
Medical information
Concerns about a child
Risk assessment
Records of meetings
Records of conversations
There are also different sorts of report. A factual report is

Childhood Trauma
Childhood trauma is one of the most common problems among people today around the world. For
many, their childhood has led them down roads of deep depression, anger and even fear. While for
some, they feel as though they have had a pretty normal childhood. Child abuse not only can affect
their work relationships, but even their own relationships with spouses and children. The effects
childhood trauma and abuse has on adults limit not only their workplace relationships and
interpersonal relationships, but also their own relationship with themselves as they mature. Events
from your childhood, good or bad, have a great emphasis on how you treat the people around you
such as the people closest to you. For example, if your abuse history has a deep ... Show more
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For example, it is said that many people who have been abused as children have grown to be
dissatisfied with their relationships and are more likely to perform infidelity more than someone
who hasn't been abused. In a large prospective study, it was found that those who had been
identified in official court records as having been sexually abused, physically abused, or neglected
by caregivers during childhood reported higher rates of separation and divorce 25 years later than
did matched controls. In addition, women in their sample expressed greater dissatisfaction with their
couple relationships and exhibited significantly more incidents of sexual infidelity than women in
the control group who were not abused as children (Coleman & Widom 2004). Many things like
separation and infidelity plague a relationship because of all of the years abuse on one side of the
relationship. There are many reasons because of this, but no one knows for sure why many people
result to these instances. It may be because these people are hurt, or may be because they feel if their
relationships are perfect, they need to find something better to cover of all of the years of abuse.
Though no one can truly be certain, but it is interesting to read some of these findings because they
show that abuse and neglect can be a vicious cycle and be repeated in many different ways over
different generations. It's also interesting to mention how this is primarily women who face these
challenges into their adulthood. It is said that the potential for a profound negative impact on
relational functioning in adulthood, the prevalence of a history of childhood abuse in intimate
relationships is particularly alarming. It has been reported that approximately one fifth of married
women have experienced either sexual or physical childhood abuse (Whisman, 2006). This high rate
of childhood abuse in married

Abuse In Childhood
Life is completely different as a child. Life choices, people around you, stories you are told, and
encountered feelings determine the formation of the identity of a child. Because children still have
their innocence, they are often unaware of the dangers surrounding them in everyday life. Sexual
abuse is a very serious factor that can destroy a childhood. These unfortunately common
occurrences strike at alarming rates effecting unaware children at the worst times in their
developmental stages. While undergoing these important changes, confusion, stress, happiness, and
sadness all affect a child's development differently than these emotions affect the adult. Because of
this, sexually abused victims are often affected mentally, physically, and ... Show more content on
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Child sexual abuse victims who are faced with an excess of anxiety caused from their incident
exhibit many symptoms that become major factors in their childhood. Abused victims who show
anxiety are fearful of encountering their abusers again, or fear of telling people about the abuse (17).
Fear cuts deep into each child. Many children can have irrational fear like being afraid of the dark,
but children who have experienced abuse, experience true fear of something that has already
happened to them. In addition to this, the fear caused often causes the child to develop nightmares
resulting in sleeping disorder, or the fear to sleep safely. Without proper sleeping patterns the brain
is damaged affecting cognitive capacity and ability (19). In addition to this, recent studies done by
John Hopkins University have discovered that children who sleep the least have a 92% higher risk
of becoming obese (19). Anxiety causes fear and emotional stress resulting in more unhealthy
outcomes. The anxiety caused by abuse is ma major factor in identity change leading to the many
physical and cognitive dysfunctions mentioned

Childhood
EYMP1: Context and principles for early years provision
1.1. Explain the legal status and principles of the relevant early years framework/s, and how national
and local guidance materials are used in settings.
(Relevant early years framework: This refers to the frameworks for early years provision used
within the relevant UK Home Nation.)
The early years framework in England is the EYFS. The early year's foundation stage consists of a
statutory curriculum for children from birth to 5years. All child care providers must use the early
year's foundation stage to ensure a consistent and flexible approach to children's care, learning and
development in order for the child to meet the five every child matters outcomes. The welfare ...
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* Skills:– Observation and judgement and empathy and understanding * Knowledge:– Understand
context, understand how babies, children and young people develop and be clear about your own
role * Safeguarding and promoting the welfare of the child and young person. * Skills:– Relate,
recognise and take considered action, communication, recording and reporting and personal skills *
Knowledge:– Legal and procedural frameworks, wider context of services and Self understanding *
Supporting transitions. * Skills: – Identify transitions and provide support. * Knowledge: – How
children and young people respond to change and when and how to intervene. * Multi – agency
working. * Skills:– Communication, teamwork and assertiveness * Knowledge:– Your role and
procedures and working methods * Sharing information. * Skills: – Information handling. *
Knowledge: – The importance of information sharing and roles and responsibilities. * country
specific: statutory or guidance) * See 1.1 *
1.3. Explain why early years frameworks emphasise a personal and individual approach to learning
and development.
The emphasis is on the individual and how we can adapt to personalise activities and the care we

Childhood Transition
The transition from childhood to adulthood is a defining phase in the lives of many people. For
some, it involves tradition and celebration; while for others it occurs in a defining moment. For me,
the transition was a gradual process involving growth through leadership in middle school and high
school. As a young child in elementary school, I was very shy and anxious about everything. As I
continued to grow older, I started to grow out of my introverted nature with the help of my friends,
teachers, and family. In fact, I started to go in the opposite direction and became more outgoing.
This trend continued into middle school as I decided to try to run for student council, thinking that it
would help me grow and become more popular. After I won a narrow election and began my work
in the council, I realized that it would drastically change my life. Throughout my years in the middle
school student council, I slowly learned the lessons of leadership, responsibility, and problem
solving in a more realistic setting. These ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fredrickson, stated that leadership is a lifestyle. Initially, I did not think much of this. However, as I
continued through my freshman year, I slowly realized the truth in that statement. My classmates
looked to me for someone to follow. My teachers held me to a higher standard as a leader, and the
administration saw me as an effective student body representative. I began to take a bigger role in
school, especially as an interviewer for the superintendent and assistant principal positions. I also
pushed to new levels of leadership in student council. As a sophomore, I became the Central
Division Delegate–at–Large with the help of my advisor and fellow council members. All of these
experiences gave me more lessons in leadership and responsibility and taught me many life skills,
including the ability to compromise, speak in public, and make new friends and

Childhood Is More Precious Than Childhood Essay
In modern day society nothing is more precious than childhood. It is a time full of innocence, love,
light and freedom with little to no worries. Childhood has not always been described as this, full of
hope and dreams and aspirations, the time to just have fun and not to worry about the future, or
wealth. Before the 1800s, childhood was not a thing and children were just seen as miniature adults,
with no value, other than to carry on families. It was not until after the 1800s were childhood
become a national phenomenon. Childhood is set to be this time were its all play and no work,
where your parents or guardian is supposed to take care of you, but what about the children that do
not have this luxury? Although childhood is a modern day universal subject recognized, not all
children get to live their lives the way they are "meant to". The problem is dormant within certain
societies for many reasons. One is the concept of developed and developing countries and their debt
crisis, and another is western and non –Western ideals. With these battling each other, it is hard to
communicate which one is right versus which one is wrong. When it comes to children and work, is
it wrong? Is it ok? Should it be outlawed? Through universal and critical approaches, it will be
shown that although child labour is against the UNCRC, it is crucial for children in some parts of
the world to have this active role. Through critical debates child labour would be further developed
and questioned

Middle Childhood. Middle Childhood Is Where My Passion
Middle Childhood
Middle childhood is where my passion for students is. Middle childhood ranges from 6–11 years old
kids. A brief description of what middle childhood is, "The school years are marked by improved
athletic abilities; more logical thought processes; mastery of basic literacy skills; advances in self–
understanding, morality, and friendship; and the beginnings of peer–group membership" (Berk,
2017, p. 6). I find this age group relevant to my future because I want to pursue a career in
elementary school teaching or counseling. Every Sunday at my church I work in the elementary age
kids group. I lead about an average of thirty kids in worship and small groups. Even though
sometimes they are hard to handle, I see myself being ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are three major features that I would say middle childhood contains. The three features are
physical, cognitive, and social. Physical is based on body growth and nutrition. Cognitive deals with
how students excel in different ways at school. Social means how students interact with schoolmates
and how they respond. They all are different aspects of a child, but they connect with different
places in their lives.
Physical growth, during this age period, continues at a slow pace like it did in early childhood, but
now health issues can start to occur. Nutrition is a key concept in a school–age child's life. "Today,
32 percent of U.S. children and adolescents are overweight." (Berk, 2017, p. 228). This is an eye
opener that something needs to change in children's nutrition at home and at school.
The cognitive features of a child through middle childhood is just as important. Piaget's cognitive–
developmental theory is described as, "Development occurs as the brain grows and children exercise
their innate drive to discover reality in a generally stimulating environment." (Berk, 2017, p. 22).
This theory helps people look at individual differences. There are four different sections that are
looked at when dealing with cognitive development, those are conservation, classification, seriation,
and spatial reasoning. These four things separate children by their strengths.
During middle childhood, social understanding, to me, is

Childhood Attrition
In order to be eligible for the study, children must have attended TOP for at least eight continuous
months the year prior to entering kindergarten. Once parents of children who were still attending a
TOP preschool signed consent forms, the first cohort of children were chosen. The overall
participation rate was 99% (out of 114 eligible children, 113 parents consented). Unfortunately, as
with the majority of longitudinal studies, a handful of students either moved or relocated. Attrition
occurred as a result of students leaving, and resulted in a reduction in the number of participants
through the passing years.
The researchers gathered data from two school districts within the local area. A corresponding
control sample of 300 students

Childhood And Adulthood
"Catcher in the Rye" by J.D Salinger, the protagonist Holden Caulfield has encounters that alter his
development of adulthood, which leaves him in a state comparable to purgatory that can be referred
to as his depression. As presented in the novel, Holden perpetually distinguishes children and adults
from one another. Holden is incapable of grasping adulthood due to his immaturity and the way
Holden lost his innocence. Furthermore, Holden commonly acknowledges adults have "phony" to
shield himself from the complex obstacles that transpire from adulthood: issues range from sex,
intimacy, to facing death, all of which he will have to face in growing up. However, Holden's view
of children is antithetical to adults; he views children as pure, ... Show more content on
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By glorifying alcohol, sex and women in the novel, Holden glamorizes the positives of adulthood.
For instance, when he states " That's the thing about girls. Every Time they do something pretty,
even if they're not much to look at, or even if they're sort of stupid, you fall in love with them, and
you never know where the hell you are. Girls. Jesus Christ. They can drive you crazy. They really
can." (Salinger 101) Holden is profound of women, but stuck in his childhood state where he can't
fully accept the values that come with a woman such as hand in marriage. However, by Holden
favoring the positives of adulthood displays his phoniness before he can even recognize it. In some
instances, Holden is hesitant about adulthood features such as his experience with the prostitute. He
is more depressed than ready to have sex; these events are iconic and signify the separation of adult
and childhood are creating a depression for Holden. Furthermore, Holden has an uneasiness about
sprouting into an adult. Holden clings to childhood as a result of Allies' passing. Holden clarifies
about his suffering when he says , "This fall I think you're riding for – it's a special kind of fall, a
horrible kind. The man falling isn't permitted to feel or hear himself hit bottom. He just keeps falling
and falling," (Salinger 242). Holden discusses the significance of his depression and how being in
two separate consciences referring to adulthood

Childhood Trauma
ACEs and the Brain: Decreased Brain Volumes With Higher ACES and the Role of Sex
Previous research has found that a negative correlation self–reported adverse childhood events and
the volume of select brain regions and thus for my first hypothesis I hypothesize that healthy
individuals with the high amounts of childhood trauma will have the smaller brain volume for each
region of interest compared to those with a low prevalence of childhood trauma. Therefore,
intuitively those with the least amount of childhood trauma should have maximal brain structure
volume and increasingly more childhood trauma should have a negative relationship with volume.
Furthermore, we expect that individuals will who experience more and more childhood trauma will
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individuals with higher reports of social desirability indicate that they may want to answer
researchers more based off of social norms or how someone would want them to respond rather than
how they actually feel or what they experienced. Those with increased reports could potentially
affect the validity of the subjects' responses to psychological test used to evaluate a subject's
experiences and opinions. For the purposes of this study, an increased amount of reports social
desirability may falsely skew our results of how prevalent an individual was exposed to negative
childhood experiences such as traumatic events like emotion, physical and sexual occurrences. This
is why I chose to take a look at the potential association between Marlowe scores and the score each
subject received within the underreporting/denial section of the

Early Childhood : Childhood Development
Rahima hashimi
Professor Marilyn Damato
ENG–5062
Due date:9 august 2017
Early childhood development
Early childhood is the the time period when a child opens his eyes in the world and it continues upto
the age of 8 years old (Masten et al. "NAME OF ARTICLE")This is really the time in which the
brain of the child starts growing and basis for the subsequences of development. Early childhood
period starts at home the very first stages of life. Parents have a great role in childhood
development. Then the second factor or place which has great effects on childhood development is
the school or daycares. Healthy childhood development includes the physical,social,emotional,and
languages development (Masten et al.pdf). The children must ... Show more content on
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The kids learn faster than the adults,because their brain is like blank sheet and they gather
knowledge and informations that we gave.Educating the kids is necessary in early age,because it
teaches them the value of discipline and well being.That 's why home is the very basic school for
young kids and parents are the primary teachers for children. Life is full of challenges and they need
to gather information to be able to find solution for challenges they face in life.On the other hand
mental development is also interconnected with the physical development of the child. Brain starts
developing from the first stage of child opens his eyes. Informations are collected and send to the
brain to analyse it (WHO 4).The time baby is in womb they listen while mummy is talking or
reading books, the unborn start collecting information since they are in womb.The kids are shapes
by their parents in

Childhood Development : Early Childhood
Early Childhood Development The human life is separated into multiple stages that reflect the
different phases the mind and body go through. Early childhood is one of these stages and is perhaps
the most important stage of all. During early childhood, the brain and body are growing, learning,
developing, and adapting to the environment that they are placed in. These developments are fairly
constant through human history and therefore, there have been many studies and observations done
to better understand the significant phase that is early childhood. Early childhood development is a
period in which the mind and body learn how to work in unison to accomplish goals and
benchmarks. This stage is where it is possible to observe children acclimating to their surroundings
in real time. According to UNESCO, "early childhood is defined as the period from birth to eight
years old. A time of remarkable brain growth, these years lay the foundation for subsequent learning
and development" (1). The sheer speed at which children learn how to manipulate the world around
them is an incredible testament to the power of the human mind. During this phase, children learn
how to crawl, walk, talk, read, write, and even how to think in the abstract. All of this in a time
period of eight short years. Historically, the concept of early childhood development has been in
effect since the very first human was born. However, the science and discussions behind it have
been around for a much

Overprotection In Childhood
child's well being well into adulthood is that the child never develops a strong belief in his or her
own ability to solve problems and achieve goals (p.238). Further, overprotection is having
implications on problem solving development. Creveling et al. (2010) state, impaired autonomy is
one effect of overprinting, with statements in reference to such practices as "I don't feel as confident
about my ability to solve everyday problems" (as cited in Segrin et al. , 2013, P.574). Lastly, over
parenting is not exclusively only having negative effects on children, but since the outcomes are
linked to developmental factors, negatively implications are imposing effects on the later life stages.
Increasingly, negative benefits are also effecting

Childhood Experience In Early Childhood
In this essay, I will discuss my experience during middle and late childhood. I will address three
stages which are the physical, cognitive, and socioemotional development. The physical
development consists of body and brain growth, health issues, and motor skills. The cognitive
development consists of language, memory, and attention. Socioemotional development is based on
relationship, employment, and personality. Physical development consists of body and brain growth,
health issues, and motor skills. Researchers say that American children are not getting enough
exercise, and over the last few decades, children who are at risk for being obese has increased.
During the middle childhood stage in my life, I lacked physical activity. My exercise consisted
simply from PE. I did not experience any injuries or major accidents that I am aware of. As a child,
my diet consisted of traditional Mexican dishes, very high in calories. Although my diet was not
very healthy during middle childhood I was in fact very slim. I did not have any illnesses that
impacted my physical development. Researchers say that increasing the physical activity has
positive outcome, reason why I attempt to exercise regularly and eat healthy now. Cognitive
development consists of language, memory, and attention. Cognitive functioning is a collection of
abilities, attentions the focusing of mental resources on select information, short–term memory the
retention of information over 30 seconds with no

Childhood Trauma
Running head: CHILDHOOD TRAUMAAND ITS IMPACT
Childhood Trauma And Its Impact On The Brain
The nature versus nurture debate in human development is longstanding with many
opposing viewpoints. However, numerous studies have confirmed that the maturation and
development of the brain has a "reciprocal relationship with the environment" (Wilson, Hansen
& Li, 2001). With the brain developing at its fastest rate in childhood, it is especially impressionable
to early life experiences. If those experiences include repeated trauma of abuse or neglect, optimal
brain development and function is threatened. Chronic activation of a child's stress response system
affects ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prominent symptoms of depression are low mood, sleep and appetite disturbances, and
diminished interest in daily activities. Carr continued, "Major depression is an episodic disorder
characterized by major depressive episodes and intervening periods of normal mood" (2007, p.3).
Early life trauma is considered a significant precursor of depression
(LaNoue,
Graeber, Hernandez, Warner & Helitzer, 2010).
Childhood trauma affects many brain systems. The stress response system and its cosystems pay the
greatest toll when a child experiences chronic threat. Taking a closer look at the functions of the
HPA axis and the steroid hormone, cortisol, aid in identifying the precursors to depression.
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in depression was a vital discovery
in psychoneuroendocrinology (Heim, Newport, Mletzko, Miller & Nemeroff,
2008). Heim et al., stated, "The HPA axis represents the major neuroendocrine stress response
system designed to maintain stability and health" (2008, p.694). Unfortunately, when a child is
subjected to repeated trauma, dysregulation of the HPA axis occurs. Studies also found that cortisol,
a multifunctional steroid produced in the adrenal gland, reinforced the body's ability to cope in the
face of danger. In situations of chronic threat, a condition called 'hypercortisolism'
(persistently high cortisol levels) can lead to an array of

Childhood Is A Complex Concept Of Childhood
Childhood is a complex concept that has never been clearly defined, nor has it stayed a stagnant
concept across all times and cultures. The time period in which a child exists is different depending
on the time you are looking at, as are the characteristics which are attributed to children. In the time
periods that were studied in this class, which spanned from the early modern period of literature up
until the late twentieth century, the idea of childhood and what represented it changed vastly. In
some of our early readings, children were defined as helpless and ignorant, with very little logic or
ability to rationalize or reason. Towards the ends of our readings, when we were getting into the
books that were produced in the twentieth century, childhood is still portrayed as innocent, but also
as playful and creative, and full of life, laughter and friendship.
In the 1700s, children were seen as naïve, powerless, needing protection, and very impressionable.
In Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Lewis Carroll attempts to create a child which is idealistically
innocent and capable of reason. In his fantasy world of Wonderland, Carroll shows an imaginative
and creative child who isn't afraid of the unusual things she is presented with, but instead embraces
them and the differences that they portray as she is different herself. He takes an interesting stance
for the time period on portraying mental health problems as something that is able to be coped with
and that should be

Childhood Stress
2 Children of all ages involuntary go through childhood stress and the burdens that often times come
along with it. Many children go through common struggles such as poverty, divorce and etc. that can
not be controlled. Although childhood stress can not be avoided, assistance from adults that have
also been through childhood stress and positive tactics to releasing stress can help in the battle of
childhood stress and turn it from a negative situation into a positive learning experience.
Childhood stress is separated into three particular categories that varies from positive to negative.
The first common type of stress is positive stress, which is normally triggered by new experiences or
changes within a child's life that is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many children go through bodily deterioration such as becoming deathly ill and more prone to
illnesses. The list for these illnesses goes as far as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, suicide attempts
and etc(MiddleBrooks Audage pg.6). One common issue that happens often in a child with major
stress is damages to the hippocampus. This is usually caused by a particular form of stress, PTSD
that occurs after traumatic events (Cogner). PTSD is stated by Cogner as "physical, emotional or
sexual abuse, witnessing violence or experiencing lasting separation and loss"(Cogner). This causes
a lack of ability to complete significant steps in life in order to progress as an individual. Because of
the experiences that people were exposed to with this type of stress, children tend to purposely
destroy their memory of it which also reduces the hippocampus which allows for learning and
memory abilities. Although many children suffer from the effects of childhood stress, just as many
are able to seek help in many ways through social interaction and intrapersonal work through
themselves. There are many organizations within the United States that is dedicated to offering
support and other tools to help children relieve stress and to get out of the depression that it may
cause. The "National Child Traumatic Stress

Is Childhood in Crisis?
Is Childhood in crisis? 2,500
The nature of childhood, has changed significantly over time. Reference for definitions The word
'childhood' can be defined as being 'the period during which a person is a child' and is seen as the
period between birth and adolesance. Childhood is built up by a range of different aspects for
example: development socially, educationally etc. The idea of childhood being in crisis, can relate to
a range of different issues i.e. family breakdown, increase in technology, culture/society changes etc.
A crisis can be defined as being a time of intense difficulty. Whether childhood is in crisis or not it is
extremely important to support a child's development through childhood. Childhood is made up of
three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over time the concept of the nuclear family has started to deteriorate and the idea of a male
dominated home is now rare. Since the nineteenth century and the growth of Women's Rights
Movement, women have been given more rights. The idea of the stereotypical woman being a
housewife and raising the children has changed; women have started to help support the family
financially by going out to work. This has meant that children over the years have had to adjust to
the idea that the role of their mum has changed. This can give the era of childhood for children a
sense of restlessness. Add why Since the seventeenth century, children have been given a voice in
the family home; by letting them to make their own choices. Reference This has changed the nature
of childhood dramatically, which can be seen a positive and negative effect. It has enabled children
to be more independent with decision making which prepares children more for adulthood; this is
what childhood is 'supposed' to do. On the other hand, it can put too much burden on the child,
meaning they are being treated more like an adult rather than a child.
The concept of childhood, is not a natural state, but it has been socially constructed through society
and can only exist in a society that understand the term this has been reinforced through history.
Another issue is how much of 'childhood' has been socially constructed (created and

Childhood Poverty
Childhood Poverty and Its Impact on Learning
Poverty is the condition of being without the provisions for living day–to–day, and it is frequently
related with necessity, adversity and privation of funds through a widespread array of situations
(Poverty. n.d.). Ideally, young kids should be able to collect memories of their childhood of when
they played free in a safety environment that provides nurture, learning, and happiness in order to
achieve their greatest potential. On the contrary, young ones live a life far from that. Poverty has
extensive shattering effects and they distress children directly. One of the biggest impact of
Childhood poverty is related to Learning. Youngsters living in poverty face learning difficulties due
to factors ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With respect the malnutrition, the Women, Infants, and Children WIC program provide
supplementary nutritive food, counsel and education about nutrition as well as referrals to welfare
and other health services for expectant women and children up to six years of age (USDA, 2017).
The WIC program can be contact thru their web page at https://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/women–
infants–and–children–wic. This contains information in all their services, a list of the states and the
local contact numbers, and there is also a link to order printed materials between others.
Furthermore, the whole site can be accessed in Spanish and some of the applications can be
downloaded in several languages. . With regards to brain development parents can take advantage of
the early childhood education programs across the nation like the head start program for infants,
toddlers and preschoolers. They provide support and education to the whole family by providing
workshops on parental skills, having social workers and nutritionist aboard, providing early child
health screening that will determine the needs of the child and counsel parents for the appropriate
resources or agencies to look for in order to provide the best education at home for the children.
(HHS.GOV, 2017). The program can be contact by phone, mail or web site at www.acf.hhs.gov/ohs,
which has all the information need it as well as appropriate contacts nationwide an also can be
retrieved in Spanish. On the subject of to health, the United States government provide funds for
children without medical insurance thru the Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program
(CHIP) for families who qualify. Families can visit the United States Departed of Human Services
web page at www.hhs.gov/programs/health–insurance/index.html and click under

Childhood Advertising
Toddlers, babies are usually known as adorable, lovely, and the most powerful tool that marketers
have in hand for advertising because parents are willing to buy things that kids like or even with kid
images in advertising. The purpose of marketers is to sell more the products. However, sometimes it
had been abused. Seven–up ad during the 1900s is a good example. The company wanted to expand
the age range of customers, so it used the baby to advertise. It was in top 10 list dangerous ads. The
audience clearly is for parents especially mothers, and people who like seven–up drink.
The picture that the ad uses is a happy toddler boy drinking seven–up and an adult woman hand
holding for him. The headline is placed in the middle: "Why we have the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, people would believe it. However, if this ad is created at the present, it will bring a lot of
troubles to the company. The toddler is just around one year old only but the parent allows him to
drink soda, which means it is delicious. He is too young, he should drink milk. But the company are
very proud when says that he is not the youngest customers that it has. Not yet mention it suggest
mixing milk with soda.
It has negative consequences because soda is not healthy for babies but not all people are aware of
that. As a result, if there is any problem that happens to the babies because parents listen to
advertising, then they might sue to the company. It creates a bad image in customers view.
In conclusion, using babies' image to advertise soda might sound ridiculous today but it was a great
idea in the past. This ad is an evidence prove that toddlers, babies will bring more profits and
increase the effect of advertise. Besides, combine with pathos and claims

Premodern Childhood
The interest in the examination of childhood as a scholastic field was sparked by the seminal work
of medievalist historian Philippe Ariès (1914–84). Ariès suggests that premodern childhood was a
time of neglect and abuse since high mortality rates prevented people from forging close bonds with
their children. It is for this reason, children were thought as being at the bottom of the social scale
and therefore unworthy of consideration. Ariès can be quoted as saying from his 1962 pioneering
publication Centuries of Childhood "....that in a premodern age, especially that before the
seventeenth century, that childhood did not exist. In a medieval society, the "idea" of childhood did
not exist...[the] awareness of the particular nature which distinguishes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These theories are reinforced by the impression that during this period, children were modeled to be
"little adults"; viewed nothing more than economic assets as opposed to symbols of love. This can
be seen visually throughout the sixteenth–century in portraiture of children with their parents, who
were stylized similarly to their parents and/or depicted to possess adult–like features. While Ariès
work is viewed as a principle text in the studies of childhood, Italian Renaissance scholars such as
Linda Pollock, Louis Haas, Jacqueline Mussachio, and Christiane Klapisch–Zuber refute these
claims, stating that "...childhood was viewed as a discrete part of domestic life, portioned off from
adulthood; as a time of innocence and play; a stage in life in which a child is shielded by parents to
the harsh realities of adulthood". Alberti's Quattro libri della famiglia and Louis Haas' 1998 book
The Renaissance Man and his children: Childbirth and Early Childhood in Renaissance Florence
1300–1600 both seem to concede to Ariès' claims, but Mussachio, Linda Pollock's Forgotten
Children: Parent–Child relations from 1500–1900, and Christiane Klapisch–Zuber's 1987
publication Women, Family, and Ritual in Renaissance Italy point out numerous issues with

Childhood Anxiety In Childhood
Childhood anxiety is quickly becoming the most challenging of all childhood problems. As the root
of most problems, anxiety covers a long range of stressors that spread quickly if not treated or
relieved early in life. Anxious feelings in children varies from children of all backgrounds. All
people feel anxious at one point or another, and it is only when children are affected daily and
unable to be calmed when people should become concerned. Many times, children are feeling
overwhelmed and cannot express themselves or struggle to understand his/her feelings. Social and
emotional development then plays a big part when facing concerns like anxiety in a young
childhood environment. Teachers and caregivers need to take a step back and focus on what the
child needs rather than what he/she can do to make children calm down. Through interventions,
patience, and caring teachers, a young child does not need to be known as "The Child Who is
Anxious", he/she can just be a child. Despite what is causing a child to feel anxious, there is always
a way to figure out what is bothering him/her. One intervention is known as ORI, which a three step
intervention process: Observe, Reflect, and Intervene. Each child is unique in their own way,
teachers need to observe a child's behavior and really watch his/her students closely to learn what is
making him/her anxious. Then, to help the child being observed, teachers have to put past
experiences together and respond appropriately to the cues

Aries And Cunningham's View Of Discourse Of Childhood And...
lthough there is no set definition for discourse, from learning about the subject and doing further
readings, my understanding of the word is that it is what is expected or seen as acceptable. It is also
a certain way of thinking or talking about a subject.
Discourse has a vision of childhood. It is a social construct and throughout time there has been a
shift in discourse in relation to childhood. This shift in discourse is due to different theorists'
opinions and policies that have been introduced.
Aries and Cunningham have both painted the picture of discourse of childhood through the ages.
Aries interpreted art to come up with his theories on childhood. He believes that before the 16th
century that there was no such thing as childhood and that children were seen as miniature adults in
art. In the 16th century adults began to notice children ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 16th century where Cunningham believed that childhood started, children were seen as born
sinful. It was in the 18th century where this changed and children were seen as naturally innocent. A
big difference between Aries' findings and Cunningham's was that Cunningham mentions the
working child, where although children were seen as innocent, they were also mistreated and made
work in working class families. It has been through the research of both Aries and Cunningham that
the discourse of childhood has changed.
Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Theory (1979) can be used to analyze discourse. The first way
of interpreting discourse analysis can be used to study policies and other institutions of power and
interpret what is happening that indirectly affects the child in the macro system. The second way of
interpreting discourse analysis is to study the day to day interactions in the micro system and the
reasoning behind each one (Rose,

Play in childhood
Play What is play? Play is defined as engaging in activates for enjoyment & recreation rather than a
serious practical purpose. Playing is a disorganized voluntary spontaneous activity, which may
include objects, one's body, symbol usage, and relationships. Play is flexible, individualize, grouped,
motivating, self–directed, open–ended, or self–directed. (Smith, 2013) (Saskatchewan Ministry of
Education, 2010) While playing, children are gaining creative skills for creative development, which
enhances the ability of creativity, learning techniques, and academic success. The most important
development is cognitive. This development is vital for school success. Cognitive development
enables a child to solve problems, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sensorimotor play, also know as functional play, involves repetitive use of reflexes, such as,
swinging, sliding, or playing on the merry–go–round This type of play can be observed on
playgrounds. Dramatic play is a type of symbolic play in which a child acts out an individual. When
others engage in the acting, it becomes sociodramatic play. Games with rules allow children to build
social skills. (Playground Professionals LLC, 2013)
Importance of play Why is play important? Erik Erikson third stage of psychosocial development,
"initiative versus guilt" emerges around 3–6 years of age. During this aggressive stage, children start
to take on life and exploring themselves. If a child has too much guilt in this stage, it can hinder the
child and slow down their social and creativity skills. Parents are to encourage the child, but give
guilt as well to establish their self–control and conscience. (McLeod, 2013) Play is essential in child
development, because skills such as language, physical, emotional, social, literacy, creative, and
cognitive are developed. A variety of play, activities, and toys, require different words to describe
the play that is occurring, enhancing language development. Language development is important in
communication, language forms & functions, intentional verbal interactions (asking and answering
questions), and playing with language (i.e., rhymes, jokes, & riddles).

Childhood Essay
CU1520 – Promote Child and Young Person Development
1.1 – Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development
Confidentiality – it is important when assessing a child that you have permission from parents or
carers to have written records of their child. Most parents will be happy for you to have written
observations of their child but will not want these to be seen by other parents; therefore we should
not leave notepads lying around for others to see. It is also important to remember that we should
only discuss children's progress with colleagues, parents and other professionals who may need to
know.
Children's wishes and feelings – there may be certain times where children feel upset and/or
uncomfortable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Filming/photographs – this can be useful to look over and over and catch things you may have
missed the first time, it can also cover several areas. You need to obtain permission for parents of all
children in the video.
Sound recordings – this can be useful to record children's speech and language development and
with a various number of recordings you can easily monitor progress.
Information from parents and colleagues – parents and colleagues may see children in different
situations therefore it is really useful to get information from them. This can be in the form of
questionnaires, face to face conversations, structured interviews and informal chats.
4.1. – Explain how own working practice can affect children and young people's development
You need to consider how you are positively affecting a child's life and experiences. You need to
look at your relationships with staff their attitudes and values and consider whether these allow the
child's needs to come first.
Checklist:
* Adults need to be aware of the development needs of the child * You have the right systems to
ensure that everyone gets the information that they need to work effectively with the child * Make
sure activities are planned specifically to support child development * There is a balance if activities
to engage interest * Balance between adult and child initiated

Abuse Of Childhood
"Whoever inquires about our childhood wants to know something about our soul." I chose to start
with this quote from Alice Miller's book because I think it epitomizes the impact a childhood has on
an individual later in their life. Childhood is a practice run for adulthood in some ways, in that we
learn how to behave in certain situations and we learn about human nature and how to deal with
adverse situations by developing coping mechanisms. We are effectively building a resilient (or
non–resilient as it may turn out) soul while we are children. We learn to trust others, or we don't. We
learn how to love and how to share ourselves; or not.
Child abuse went by unrecognized as abuse of children before the 1960s and as such, has led to
many lives ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Krüger wrote that the lack of obedience and obstinacy in a child "amounts to a declaration of war
against you [the parent]." He goes on to advise parents to meet force with force in order to regain
control. This notion is deluded to me because as far as I see it, we as parents are role models for our
children and by meeting your child in a state of 'war' is teaching them to adopt an aggressive and
confrontational stance when they encounter adverse situations. This idea perpetuates the heartache
and disaster one sees in war torn areas. There is no diplomacy, but a confrontation of two sides due
often to misunderstanding, greed or opposing ideologies. The idea of "spare the rod and spoil the
child" plays into this too. In the 1800s, children were seen as parents' belongings/ chattel, owned and
to be treated as property and not little people with feelings and needs, absorbing and learning
everything around them. There were also "stubborn child laws," during this period, where parents
could take their child to court under the guise of stubbornness to avoid charges of child abuse. The
court would then punish the child through an "indentured servitude." Exposing children to harsh and
punitive consequences for any indiscretion, teaches them to treat others in the same way. Children
learn what they live. Also, a child who lives under stringent rules that are never allowed to be
contested, learns to unwittingly adapt to their situation. Miller asserts that this child sometimes

Childhood Injuries
Most people know that when raising a child, the child is bound to get hurt or have a boo boo every
now and then. Preschool age children, three to five years of age, are always at risk of injury or harm.
Three terms that will be talked about throughout this paper are primary prevention, secondary
prevention, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention is when you promote conditions that reduce
everyone's chance of injury. Secondary prevention is averting harm in high risk situations or for
vulnerable people. Tertiary prevention begins after an injury has occurred hoping to limit the
damage/disability caused. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare released a report in 2009
("Childhood Injuries: Common Causes."). The report was titled "Common causes of childhood
injuries" between the years of 2006 and 2007. The top injuries that were listed are falls, road
accidents, poisoning, burns and scalds, and assault. Three injuries or harm that happen to preschool
aged children that will be covered in this paper are road accidents, poisoning, and assault. The first
injury or harm that can happen to preschool aged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A child may be exposed to this risk by having easy access to cleaning chemicals, or prescription
medicine. Between the age of birth and fourteen years of age, there are less than 3 poisoning
fatalities rate per 100,000 population ("Statistical Bulletin: Injury and Poisoning Mortality in
England and Wales, 2010."). A primary prevention for this situation would be trying to teach the
children that it is not okay to play around with the cleaning chemicals, or prescription medicine. A
secondary prevention would be to install locks on doors where chemicals and medicine is kept so
that the children can't get to them. A tertiary prevention would be to have a poisoning number
readily available near these locations so that is something was to happen, you could call for help

A Twist in Childhood
I remembered back then, my curiosity led me to a serious lesson in life. That moment I got bullied
and pulled down to the ground by rough children, I learned a quote that "curiosity killed the cat".
My body got numb even if it had wounds and clothes dirty as they continuously kicked and threw
mud at me. I was thinking to shout for help but no one came to help. At that moment, I had no
choice that fighting back was the only option. I fought back and rushed back home.
Long time ago, it was 1998. A new day, a new beginning. I was born in a small country where hard–
work was the key to success. Oh, my sweet parents who worked hard and guide me to make life
much easier. My family were middle class and they could only buy things that were needed. I was
the only child in the family. When I was five years old, Dad and Mum enrolled me to a decent
catholic school that had a motto of "Veritas Omnia Vincit" meaning "Truth Conquers All" and where
bullying was strictly prohibited. Teachers taught good manners and discipline to students. I had
many good–disciplined classmates and we were competing for our grades and soon we became
friends.
Home was not far away from school but my parents always guided me safely home. Every time I
was going back home, I always saw street children who wore torn clothes and rags, begging for
money and food. Thanking my parents for how fortunate I was, but then I admired and treated them
like famous wrestlers because of their iron like muscles that I feared

Childhood Memory
Childhood Memory On June 8th, 1990 is when I entered this place that we call Earth. Born to
Montasser and Nagla Hassan, the only girl and the youngest with two older brothers, nine and seven
years apart. My parents were born and raised in Cairo, Egypt, and moved to America after getting
married, leaving their families behind to better their future and the lives of their future off springs.
Their courage and dedication to life and each other is a characteristic that they carried on throughout
their journey of careers, life, love, and children. Although they moved to America to better all of our
futures they came with no set plan. My father took the first job he found as did my mother, no set
career in the beginning. Without the help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I will always carry the values that they have taught me as a child, because seeing them work so hard
encourages me to carry on in life, I was taught I can be anything and do anything if I put my best
foot forward, and that is what I continue to

Childhood
CU1522.1 – Be able to develop positive relationships with children and young people
Explain why positive relationships with children and young people are important and how these are
built and maintained.
Positive relationships with children and young people are important for the child so that they can
learn and develop to their full ability. If a child feels comfortable with you they would be more
inclined to leave their parents in the morning easier. This makes the parent feel happier – leaving
their child with someone their child enjoys being – and makes them feel less guilty about going to
work. This also then means they can start to play and interact with other children. Through playing
and exploring and socialising the child or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, when a child or young person enters the room I always make sure I greet them, making eye
contact, saying hello and smiling. I make sure I get down to their level and offer to give them a hug.
I try to make the environment they walk into a positive one so they do not feel threatened or
intimidated but more welcomed and wanted. I think this is effective as it is becomes a routine they
can get used to – seeing me when they walk through the door – and will then instinctively start to
say hello back and accept your offer of a hug. I also ensure I am always happy and have a chat with
their parent or guardian. I think if the parent and you have a positive relationship the child will pick
up on this and start react that way too. I think it's an effective method to use as they do not see you
as 'the person that takes them away from their parent or guardian' but instead sees you as a friend of
theirs and their parent/guardian.
I also find another very effective way to build a positive relationship with a child or young person is
to constantly encourage them. Giving them a variety of toys and saying 'oh what's this? Would you
like to play in the sand?' ect. This promotes to them you are fun and want to play with them.
Children usually like someone to play with however this is not always effective if the child's
individual preference is to be left alone. In which case it is better to build the relationship by giving
them their space, but making sure

Childhood
At its fundamental level, adulthood is simply the end of childhood, and the two stages are, by all
accounts, drastically different. In the major works of poetry by William Blake and William
Wordsworth, the dynamic between these two phases of life is analyzed and articulated. In both
Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience and many of Wordsworth's works, childhood is
portrayed as a superior state of mental capacity and freedom. The two poets echo one another in
asserting that the individual's progression into adulthood diminishes this childhood voice. In
essence, both poets demonstrate an adoration for the vision possessed by a child, and an aversion to
the mental state of adulthood. Although both Blake and Wordsworth show childhood as ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The speaker, in the final stanza, is visibly confused and frustrated by the girl's insistence that life
continues after death. The pace in the final stanza slows, as if to give voice to the speaker's
confusion – a sign that his adult view of the world is not entirely steadfast, and that the child's view
of the world has caused him to in fact question his own. (Lines 65–69) What can be seen here is that
the relationship between childhood and adulthood in the poetry of Wordsworth is not as clear–cut
and deifined as in Blake's work. Wordsworth's depicts childhood as an innocent mindset and an
ability to view the world simply. Blake's childhood, on the other hand, is a stage of life that is
untouched by the natural forces of experience in the every day world. In both Blake and
Wordsworth's work, the opposition between childhood and adulthood is developed. In Blake,
childhood is completely and distinctly eliminated by the force of experience. Blake portrays these
two states of childhood and adulthood, innocence and experience, as the two epochs of human
existence. In fact, in the subtitle to Songgs of Innocence and of Experience, Blake calls these "the
two contrary states of the human soul". (Subtitle?) This opposing relationship is developed further in
many of his poems. Adulthood's triumph is personified in The Chimney Sweeper from Songs of
Experience. In this poem, a young baby states that "They clothed me in the clothes of death, / And
taught me to sing the

Medieval Childhood Vs Modern Childhood
The concept of childhood has been constantly evolving through different eras. This strongly
indicates that childhood is an ever changing concept through society's ideas. Childhood has been
experienced differently by everyone, especially in contrast to the modern and medieval eras.
Attitude towards children began to transform in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries from living
as adults to being protected from adult aspects by society. In relation, this essay will argue that the
diverse ideas in medieval and modern era have substantially influenced society's view on childhood
which results in the changes of the lives of children. Childhood's dynamic nature and the ideas
related to it are deeply rooted with the changing experiences and lives ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This view is also supported by Phillips Aries. He claims that children are absent in medieval arts,
mentioning "babies are depicted but not children, just smaller adults". This is because in medieval
paintings, children were dressed and presented themselves as adults. An example of a medieval
painting is shown in source a . These concepts have influenced the lives of children because they
were regarded as miniature adults and confronted with adult responsibilities at a very young age
causing children to not experience the carefree and romantic life as a child. However on the other
hand, as the society slowly develops into the modern era between the 17th and 18th century, the
evolution of the idea on childhood began to develop as lifestyle and adult expectations altered. This
is why Philippe Aries (1962) suggests that childhood is a modern invention. The modern realisation
of childhood led to the establishment of school by making school legally required to attend,
protection of childhood innocence by shielding children from adult aspects and responsibilities and
the great separation between classes where the upper class children tend to experience a more
cheerful childhood than the working class children. These realisations led to changes in the lives of
children where they go into a stage and become trouble free with no worries and living happily for a
period of time. Thus, it can be

The Immigration And A Childhood
Nowadays, in the modern world, immigration is a really common activity. People travel from one
continent to another. They go from one country to another country and we see that the power of
immigration makes different people from different continents, countries or cities to gather into one
place and assimilate different aspects of their life in one sociology. The immigration and a childhood
have similar characteristics. Like immigration, childhood is the process of continual development.
In our childhood, we experience many different situations and add something new to our personal
characteristics. Therefore, in her essay "Speaking in Tongues," when Zadie Smith says, "My own
childhood ... [is] the synthesis of disparate things, (1)" she means that she is a synthesis of her
biology and environment; in other words, she says that she is a result of a combination of everything
that happened with her in the past and that is happening now around her. She is trying to tell us that
she added a new type of perception to a disparate kind she already had. Consequently, I agree with
Zadie Smith and I think that I am the assimilation of all the things that happened to me in my
childhood.
Initially, I think that the main aspect of our childhood that shapes ourselves is a family. Everything
starts from our families because our families are the environments where we say our first words; a
family is a place where we start walking and at the same time, it is the place where we start learning

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