Rational Choice Theory

Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory originates from the oldest criminological school of thought and
criminological theorists, but the theory itself is new, only forming in the last five decades. Ronald
Clarke and Derek Cornish, using the work of previous criminologists, put forth the rational choice
perspective as a criminological theory (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2016). This theory has its roots in
the classical school of thought in which individuals had the power to make decisions after weighing
the consequence of such actions (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2016). The work of Cesare Beccaria in
the late 1700's cemented this theory's existence from the beginning of criminology (Adler, Mueller,
& Laufer, 2016). Rational choice theory was also greatly influenced by Jeremy Bentham and his
idea of felicific calculus, in which a decision to commit crime is made after putting risk variables in
an equation (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2016). Bentham says all humans work this way, evaluating
whether a crime is worth committing (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2016). Bentham was inspired by
utilitarian theory, which states that individuals make decisions to maximize profits and minimize
pain (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2016). In addition, rational choice theory is also based on traditional
economic choice theory that states people will choose what will appease their desires after weighing
their options (Adler, Mueller, & Laufer, 2016). This paper will examine the effectiveness of the
application of rational
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The Rational Choice Theory Of Cesare Beccaria
The topic I have chosen to write this research paper over is the rational choice theory. The rational
choice theory started with the work of Cesare Beccaria in the late eighteenth century. From that
point forward, the theory has been developed and opened up to incorporate different viewpoints, like
discouragement and routine activity theory. The rational choice theory is a monetary rule that
expresses that people dependably settle on reasonable and legitimate choices. These choices furnish
individuals with the best advantage or fulfillment, given the decisions accessible and are likewise in
their most elevated self–interest.
Rational choice theory accepts that all individuals attempt to effectively expand their preference in
any circumstance and in this way reliably attempt to minimize their misfortunes. The hypothesis
depends on the possibility that all people construct their choices in light of sound figuring's, act with
discernment when picking, and intend to increment either delight or benefit. Rational choice theory
likewise stipulates that all unpredictable social wonders are driven by individual human activities.
Accordingly, if a business analyst needs to clarify social change or the activities of social
organizations, he needs to take a look at the balanced choices of the people that make up the
entirety.
The rational choice theory permits inclinations to be spoken to as genuine esteemed utility
capacities. Monetary basic leadership then turns into an issue of

Inside Job : Rational Choice Theory
Inside Job
Inside job is the critically acclaimed documentary surrounding the global financial crisis in 2008.
The film provides a detailed explanation of how and why the crisis took place. It demonstrates
rational choices being made by individuals that caused a nearly global financial collapse. Through
examination of rational choice theory and evidence from the film, it will explain how main
characters of the film are rational actors.
Rational choice theory was developed by Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham; both were
Enlightenment philosophers. The theory states that each person or rational actor weighs the cost and
benefits of their action and ultimately makes their own choices. Beccaria held a pessimistic view of
human nature and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the early 1990s derivatives were put in place, these instruments are basically speculation or
betting on stock prices, bankruptcy of companies, interest rates etc. In the early 2000 they passed a
law that made derivatives unregulated so the market boomed in 2001. All these laws passed were
rational choices being made by individuals they realized they can make money. They were acting
out of their own self–interest and no one else. Millions of Americans lost their homes in the crash
due to these subprime loans that were put in place by these big banks.
While the film did not have one specific main character it did have key players that made the crisis
happening. The first being the lobbyist that lobbied to make this acts and laws pass. Those people
made rational choices to have those laws passed that they knew they could make money off, acting
in their own self–interest. The next is the major investment and banking companies for supplying
subprime loans to Americans that they knew could not pay back. They choose to do this and to sell
their clients bad deals in order to make a profit. One of the most rational actors is Henry (Hank)
Paulson, the former CEO of Goldman & Sachs. He conveniently steps down as CEO to work for the
Department of the Treasury right before the financial crisis. Paulson then became the leader in the
government bailing out these major firms like the Lehman Brothers. This is

Pros And Cons Of Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory is a criminology theory designed by Derek Cornish and Ronald Clark which
states that before people commit a crime they think about what they are going to do (Snook, Dhami,
& Kavanagh, 2011). They consider the pros and cons before performing the criminal action. The
entire premise of the rational choice theory is that each individual, regardless of whether rich, poor,
educated, or uneducated, all utilize rationality when making the decision to commit a crime (Taylor,
2013). The rational choice theory postulates that when a person weighs the costs and benefits of a
crime, that person decides whether or not the benefits are worth the risk. It is about maximizing his
or her own self–interest (Jacques & Wright, 2010). The

Rational Choice Theory: Criminology
Choice theory was born out of the perspective of crime causation which states that criminality is the
result of conscious choice. This theory is also known as the rational choice theory. According to this
theory, the choice whether or not to commit a criminal act is the result of a rational thought process
that weighs the risks of paying the costs of committing a crime, against the benefits obtained. In
other words, if the benefits––monetary or otherwise––outweigh the risks of sustaining the costs,
such as fines, imprisonment or execution, then according to this theory the individual would be
inclined to commit the crime, all other things being equal. In this calculus, the benefits are known.
For example, "this diamond that I want to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These biologically pseudoscientific theories later played a role in German Nazi classification of
racial, intelligence and behavioral typing as well. Again, the idea of individual rational choice as an
element of criminal behavior was downplayed. Slightly less contrasting to the rational choice theory
is the Psychobiological theory of human behavior. Originating with human genetic research in the
1960s, this theory stood for the proposition that the chemical makeup of a person–whether a result
of naturally occurring DNA, genetic mutation caused by environmental contaminants, chemical
changes through the addition or retraction of key nutrients, or chemical reactions to physical
trauma–all contributed to the way the individual formulated thoughts, feeling and positive or
criminal behavior. Here, the idea of the individual making rational "cost/benefit" choices was not
discounted; rather, the thought process was considered as being influenced heavily by chemical and
biological factors. If an individual's chemical makeup were "out of balance", that condition was
deemed to cause undesirable or socially deviant behavior, contributing to criminal thought and
action. Similar to the Psychobiological school of thought is the Psychological school of criminal
causation. Two main undercurrents to this theory were biological causation and environmental
causation, which were considered

Rational Choice Theory Essay
There are three main points that are reinforced in rational choice theory (Cornish and Clarke, 1986).
First, it may work better or worse for different types of crime, yet it is thought that there are rational
choices in every type of crime even impulsive and pathologic crimes. Second, the theory should be
applied on a crime–specific basis. Hence, burglaries can't be grouped together in among residential
and commercial categories. Rather, they must be broken into smaller facets such as public housing
burglaries or wealthy residential neighborhoods. Finally, a distinction is made between criminal
involvement and criminal events. Criminal involvement describes how individuals get involved in
crime and further continue or abstain from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The later occurs when a specific offender is deterred from crime through sanctions. Thus, the
benefits and drawbacks of crime have sway with both deterrence and rational choice theories, but
rational choice doesn't make headway for a population as a whole or limit the individual to those
previously punished.
The strengths of the rational choice theory are also seen when comparing it to the routine activity
theory, which proposes that three elements are needed for crime: motivated offenders, suitable
targets, and the absence of capable guardians (Cohen and Felson, 1979). Hence, environmental
conditions must be right for crime to occur. This relates to one similarity of the rational choice
theory, which is the account for situational variables such as the likelihood of punishment (Cornish
and Clarke, 1986). In contrast, routine activity theory doesn't look at why the individual commits
crime (Cohen and Felson, 1979). Instead, this propensity is assumed, while the rational choice
theory looks specifically at the reasons individuals commit offenses.
The broken windows theory reduces the cause of crime to the amount of disorder in a community
(Wilson and Kelling, 1982). Basically, if there are broken windows in buildings it can result in
allowing more vandalism, which leads more riff–raff on the streets. This creates a fear for citizens to
go out in the neighborhood, which limits the visibility of proactive

Rational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just...
Rational Choice, Deterrence, Incapacitation and Just Desert
In seeking to answer the question, "Why do people engage in deviant and/or criminal acts?", many
researchers, as well as the general public, have begun to focus on the element of personal choice. An
understanding of personal choice is commonly based in a conception of rationality or rational
choice. These conceptions are rooted in the analysis of human behavior developed by the early
classical theorists, Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham. The central points of this theory are: (1)
The human being is a rational actor, (2) Rationality involves an end/means calculation, (3) People
(freely) choose all behavior, both conforming and deviant, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Rational Choice Theory emerged.
"According to this view, law–violating behavior should be viewed as an event that occurs when an
offender decides to risk violating the law after considering his or her own personal situation (need
for money, personal values, learning experiences) and situational factors (how well a target is
protected, how affluent the neighborhood is, how efficient the local police happen to be). Before
choosing to commit a crime, the reasoning criminal evaluates the risk of apprehension, the
seriousness of the expected punishment, the value of the criminal enterprise, and his or her
immediate need for criminal gain." (Siegel, p.131, 1992)
This perspective shifts attention to the act of engaging in criminal or deviant activity. The issue
becomes, what can be done to make the act of crime or deviance less attractive to the individual?
How can crime or deviant behavior be prevented? "...crime prevention or at least crime reduction,
may be achieved through policies that convince criminals to desist from criminal activities, delay
their actions, or avoid a particular target." (Siegel, p.133, 1992). Strategies that are relevant to this
perspective include the following: target

Comparison Between Routine Activities Theory And Rational...
Today's class discussion was about Rational Theories, which states that individuals make reasonable
decisions and apply them to their daily life activities. Individual make these decisions based on their
best self–interest. The major points of the Rational Theory are: Routine Activities Theory, Lifestyle
Theory and Rational Choice Perspective. Routine activities theory states that the circumstances of
an individual's life is mainly decided by the daily pattern of social interaction or activities.
Therefore, depending on these routine activities criminal offenses could ascend or descent (Williams
and McShane, 2013, p. 238). Accordingly, routine activities theory is basically the type of routine a
person keeps, based on his/her circumstances. Since everyone has different routine activities, some
individuals will be more prone to criminal attacks such as robbery, rape, murder, etc. as discussed in
class. For instance, a young woman that works until 1 o'clock at night, and walks home in the dark
is more vulnerable to be rob or sexual assaulted. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They state that depending on a person's daily routine whether work or social activities, victimization
rate differentiate. (as cited in Williams and McShane, 2013, p. 239). For example, people that have a
higher status in society are at lower risk of victimization because they engage in less routine
activities and the places they hang around are saved. However, deprived individuals have a higher
risk of being victimized due to the environment and the interactions with criminals, as well as, the
places they frequent are unsafe, as talked over in

Rational Choice Of Dramaturgy Theory
A couple weeks ago we had a meeting at our daughter's dance studio. It was a day before dance
recital and her teacher wanted to make sure that everyone is ready for the big day, so the show will
go smoothly. The teacher, students and parents were present. Dance teacher went through the rules
and requirements for dancers, such as when they should come and get ready, when to go on stage
and what to wear if they decide to go to the audience after performance. In addition, she talked to
parents and explained several rules, such as no photography or video recording, which way to go to
dressing rooms, etc. Parents asked a few questions about hair requirements and upcoming dress
rehearsal. Status of "dance teacher" is formal and she performed her ... Show more content on
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This interaction based on formal behaviors, however the relationship includes informal roles outside
the studio. This communication could be viewed from dramaturgy perspective with teacher, students
and parents as actors. Plus, it can be observed through Rational Choice Theory lenses, when
individuals are involved in exchange of benefits. This interaction is important for a process of
socialization for everyone involved and illustrates an example of how members of society carry out
their roles in particular

The Pros And Cons Of The Rational Choice Theory
The Rational Choice Theory was developed in the late 18th century by Cesare Beccaria, it has been
expanded to the modern theory which was developed by Noble Prize winner Gary Becker in 1969.
In Mr. Becker's theory it states that Criminal behavior is not so different than non– criminal
behavior, " in that it is conduct that persons intentionally choose to undertake (i.e. They are not
compelled or forced to do crime), and the reason that they choose to commit the crime is that they
think it is more rewarding and less costly for them than no criminal behavior" 2.) It is my definition
of the Rational Choice Theory is that a individual will weigh out the pro's and con's of committing
the offense. Is it worth me taking the risk of getting caught. What will I get if I commit ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1986 Cornish Clark published numerous theoretical and empirical essay's describing the process
of Criminal Decision Making. In 1993 Clarke Felson published an essay that applied to different
types of crimes and discussed integration with other theories. In 2002 Aquero Tibbets published
scholarly chapters which addressed issues relating to methodological issues associated and to its
integration. Then in 2008 Ariely furthered the theory to include human decision making in the
process which are more irrational than rational. 4.) The Rational Choice Theory deals with crime in
regard to the individual in that they decide that committing the crime is more gratifying. The
individual feels that the offense they committed is easier than putting in the work than doing it
legally. They feel that the reward is worth the risk. 5.) An example of Rational Choice Theory would
be one dealing with child support. An individual who is divorced and has a child with another
individual and is ordered by the court to pay child support. The court has ordered this parent to pay a
portion of their income for child

Rational Choice Theory : The Canadian Federal Minster Of...
In 1992 the Canadian Federal Minster of Fisheries and Oceans, John Crosbie, declared a moratorium
on the Northern Cod Fishery. This momentous event had resulted in 40,000 job losses in 5 different
Canadian provinces and had required a relief package worth several billion dollars which had been
dispersed to the local coastal communities. Since then many economists have been providing
various explanations and theories as to what has caused this huge collapse. One theory which can be
associated and quite possible provide an explanation to this is Rational Choice Theory.
Rational Choice Theory is a belief that states that individuals always make logical and rational
decisions. These decisions provide people with the greatest benefit and are made in individuals own
self–interest. It also assumes that all individuals try to actively maximize their gain in any situation
and therefore consistently aim to reduce their losses. This theory is based on the idea that all humans
base their decisions on rational calculations, act with rationality when choosing and aim to increase
either pleasure or profit. According to CanadianHistory "Many other countries, such as France,
Spain and Portugal, joined in the fishing banks for the summer seasons and established summer
bases to salt and process the fish". This is clearly evident that the fishermen at the time were aiming
to maximise their fish catch in order to pursue their own self–interest. Although this may provide a
short term gain for the

Rational Choice Theory: Double Indemnity
Rational Choice Theory– Double Indemnity
Andrea Vermilyea
University of Northern Colorado Rational Choice Theory– Double Indemnity Rational choice theory
was first discovered in the mid–eighteenth century and was originally referred to as classical theory.
Philosopher Jeremy Bentham and scholar César Beccaria, were some of the first to analyze and
investigate this theory. In order to determine whether or not a dichotomous relationship exists
between an individual's free will and their decision to commit a crime. One must first consider
whether that individual has control over making a rational decision. During this time offenders were
considered to be rational, therefore the punishment received for the crime committed, must
significantly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From a criminological standpoint Double Indemnity did represent both the classical theory along
with the deterrence theory, Walter did do a "cost/benefit" analysis and in his mind at that time, what
he has to gain was far more than what he has to lose, so he thought. In regard to free will, everyone
has a choice, Walter Neff decided to commit murder, there were outside influences such as money
and love, both of which are self –interests. Walter went through the motions and analyzed the risk,
he decided that he could out smart the system and get away with murder, therefore the punishment
didn't seem to be such a concern as he would have a hundred thousand dollars and his love Phyllis, a
win–win situation. This film was a great at depicting how an individuals self interests can get this
best of them, although Walter tried to act as if he was a deluded victim, Phyllis was a great
manipulator, nonetheless they are equally guilty. In the end nobody gets the money, both Walter and
Phyllis end up dead. Maybe one of the most advantageous arguments is on the subject of free will, it
seems as if free will is greatly influenced by self–interest, perhaps there is no true altruism? Could it
be

Rational Choice Theory: The Choice To Commit A Crime
One of the theories that we have been addressing within the last three weeks is the Rational Choice
Theory. The Rational Choice Theory explains a reasoning why someone might commit a crime. For
those who believe in Rational Choice Theory, they deem every person to have the free will to make
their own decisions. With that being said, when an individual is forced to make a decision between
committing a crime or not, they willingly choose to weigh the consequences of their actions. If the
risk of committing the crime outweighs the benefits then the crime will not take place (Steele,
2015). Within the standards of this theory, the choice to commit a crime is often one of opportunity
and not one that is spontaneous. The thought process to commit a crime would consists of not only
cost and benefits but also of a plan that would help the individual get what they desire. Thoughts
such as time of day, who their victim would be, how will they accomplish their goal, will they have
a weapon, will someone else be involved, and more would all be considered (Beauregard & Leclerc,
2007). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Caulkins, Gurga, & Little, drug dealers may choose that lifestyle for many reasons
(2009). Some of them include because the challenge gives them a rush, they want the high
community status that may come with the drug dealing life, they economically they need the money,
or perhaps they were socially raised into that lifestyle (Caulkins, Gurga, & Little, 2009). One of the
ways I believe that we can eliminate this problem of drug dealing is to eliminate their ability to sell
drugs (Apel, 2013). The method specifically used to accomplish this task is a variation of Operation

Rational Choice Theory And Delinquency
The Rational choice theory is a belief that children choose to commit criminal acts once they have
carefully considered the pros and cons of their actions, and that delinquency is a matter of choice
that is made by an offender; who believes that what they can gain from committing a crime
outweighs the punishment that may follow. Rational Choice theory is probably the oldest known
theory which attempts to explain the link between juveniles and delinquency. The argument was first
raised by classical criminologist, Cesare Beccaria. Beccaria, along with other classical
criminologists, believed that because people have free will. They have the ability to choose their
behavior, and when an individual makes a decision to break the law, it is typically

Essay about Rational Choice Theory in Political Science
Rational Choice Theory in Political Science
According to one of rational choice theory's prominent and more thoughtful contemporary
exponents, Peter C. Ordeshook, "four books mark the beginning of modern political theory:
Anthony Downs's An Economic Theory of Democracy (1957), Duncan Black's Theory of
Committees and Elections (1958), William H. Riker's A Theory of Political Coalitions (1962), and
James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock's The Calculus of Consent (1962). These volumes, along with
Kenneth Arrow's Social Choice and Individual Values (1951), began such a wealth of research that
political scientists today have difficulty digesting and synthesizing all but small parts of it.
Consequently, the full value of this research often goes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First I will provide an overview of what rational choice theory is and why it has staked such a
prominent position in the discipline of political science. In this section I conclude that rational
choice theory has indeed developed advanced methodologies at telling us how rational agents
should behave. Then in my second section I will show, using the empirical case of the free–rider
problem and collective action, as well as the case of suicide terrorism, that rational choice theory
cannot adequately account for actual political phenomena. In my third section I will provide some
reasons for why this is the case. Finally, in my concluding section I will posit a theoretical
framework incorporating some refinements to the assumptions behind rational choice theory that
would better aid a predictive (but not universalist) political science.
What is Rational Choice Theory?
Rational choice theory is actually more than one theory per se, but the basic similarities among its
variants mean that they can be intelligibly amalgamated for the purposes of critiquing its
implementation in political science. Therefore public choice theory, positive political science,
rational actor models, and the economic approach to politics, among others, refer to what we may
call rational choice theory for the purposes of this essay. (See Green and Shapiro 1994, xi.

The Rational Choice Theory
La'Shante Samuels Kaplan University, CJ102 Criminology Unit Five Midterm Project The Rational
Choice theory approach has been used by social and political scientists to put some type of meaning
of why humans behave in a certain way. In recent years, rational choice theory has been widely used
in other disciplines such as sociology, political science, and anthropology. It has gained influence in
politics and sociology over the past thirty years. This choice theory stressed the role of
knowledgeable self interest in the decision making of individuals. The main purpose of this paper is
to provide an overview of Rational Choice and Deterrence theories, to explain the similarities and
difference between the two. The concept of Rational ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This branch of theory is a starting point in the deterrence continuum and often targets the crime in
general, not the offender. One may ask how a rule deters a crime instead of a person. I believe that
general deterrence does so by issuing blanket knowledge that if one commits a crime then there will
be punishment. General deterrence is the going about of issuing a law and making it known that it is
not permitted, and that there will be consequences should one commit such an act. Early researcher
used historic curiosity that was not based on scientific realities to come to the conclusion that
criminal traits are inherited genetically. Their assumptions was premised on record of family history
that was devoid of looking at other factors that may have consistently been affecting previous and
subsequent generations such as environment and diet etc. The quest to identify factors affecting
individual social behavior led sociobiologists to come to the conclusion that biology, learning and
environmental factors are all interrelated in forming an individual character trait. The idea that an
individual will turn to crime while another will not under the same circumstance even though they
posses same physical nature or make up, raises the question and discredits the earlier assumption on
the subject. Scientific research on the subject took into consideration different provable factors that
create a direct correlation between individual social behavior and other

Rational Choice Theory : Theories Of Political, Social,...
For nearly half a century rational choice theory (RCT) has dominated analyses of political, social,
and economic sciences. Due to the theory's objectivity and systematic predictability, rational choice
is able to provide a comforting procedure to studying the decision–making process. However to
truly gauge how and why actors make decisions, a more diversified and complex degree of emotions
and behaviors must also be analyzed. Despite our efforts to prove the contrary, actors are human,
therefore subjectivity and carefully crafted belief systems often contradict what would be considered
rational choices. Ultimately rational choice theory is an economic model based on cost–benefit
analyses. Hypothetically, the action that produces the maximum expected utility is considered the
rational decision. This theory (in terms of political decision–making) hinges upon four assumptions:
(1) the focus is on the government's action(s) that result from the process of rational choice theory,
(2) the government is a utility maximizer, it chooses the action with the highest expected payoff, (3)
the government is a unified and single entity, not a heterogeneous group of individuals, and (4) the
action selected is a result of calculations (more often than not a cost–benefit analysis). Overall these
assumptions help us create an objective model for decision making; one that provides a more
scientific approach by assuming definitive answers based on individual's assumptions thereby
eliminating

Rational Choice Theory Of Rape
Rape is a crime that Americans hear very little about, yet everyone knows that such acts occur
frequently. Rape is a very personal form of violence that continuously impacts the victim for years
after it occurs, if not for the rest of the victim's life. The effects of rape, short–term and long–term,
can be catastrophic for the victim, causing them physical and psychological damage (Gluck, 2016). I
believe that by using the Rational Choice Theory, rape can be eliminated in today's society by the
use of castration as a punishment for offenders and as a deterrence for possible future offenders.
Rape has been an ongoing issue within society for centuries. In early times, men raped women for
reproductive purposes. Today, it is still believed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Literature Review
Russell (1997) informs that there are two forms of castration: chemical and surgical. According to
Chism (2013), the oldest and most effective approach to controlling deviant sexual urges and
reducing recidivism rates of male sex offenders is surgical castration. This is partially backed up by
the data given by McMillian (2014), who composed a study of 104 men, revealing the recidivism
rate as 3% for those who had been castrated compared to 45% with those who had not. Cauley
(2014) identified cases where surgical castration has been used nationally and in the United States,
showing that castration is quite effective.
Lee, Kang, Ji, Baeck, Lee, & Oh (2013) informs that in Korea, a chemical castration law was passed
in 2011, which targets child molesters who have reoffended. The law is intended to prevent
offending and rehabilitate offenders. Decisions to commit crimes such as rape or other sexually
motivated offenses, are often made under the influence of visceral feelings such as anger or sexual
arousal, as stated by Loewenstein, Nagin, and Paternoster (2010); rational choice models of decision
making assume that individuals can anticipate, in an unaroused state, their responses to such
instinctual feelings.
Discussion
In the United States, required surgical or chemical castration is something that is not really
considered as a form of punishment or a method of rehabilitation for sexual offenders. The reason
for this

Rational Choice Theory On Alcohol And Violence
Alcohol is highly used substance across the country and the most frequent cause of criminal acts,
but cannot be the sole reason for the cause of criminal acts when an individual's background has a
contributing factor. To understand alcohol related violence we must know the potential crimes that
can be a product of alcohol and what contributing factors lead the actor to the incident. One must
also understand how alcohol related violence is a rational choice of the individual and society's
belief that we suffer the appropriate consequences of our own actions. Therefore, Rational Choice
Theory is applied to the laws that govern criminal acts when the actor had the choice to act as
society expects. Many critics of RCT believe that punishment is not always the answer and that
offenders have environmental and medical factors that cause their criminal behavior. Theorist that
believe in the Positivism Theory believe there is a reason for the offense and the behavior can be
corrected. Each are different in views, but both hold the offender accountable.
ALCOHOL RELATED VIOLENCE
Alcohol use and violence are common in our society because many participate in drinking as a
social activity, whether it is casual or frequent. Alcohol related violence happens when an individual
has consumed an amount to cause his or her actions to become uncontrollable and resulting in a
criminal act being committed. (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1997)
Understanding the nature

Rational Choice Theory Research Paper
The Rational Choice Theory applies in many everyday instances and actions. So, one of the cases in
which the Rational Choice Theory can be used is when a person tries to quit smoking. The person
must set a goal to cut down the amount of cigarettes they smoke until they are down to not smoking,
use an alternative source to fight the nicotine cravings, handle the withdrawal symptoms, stick to
their goal, and then evaluate their goal is and the side–effects after they have quit smoking.
In most cases of people trying to quit smoking, they will have to gradually reduce the number of
cigarettes they smoke; however, a few people can just go cold–turkey. The first step to quitting
smoking is making it a goal to keep. Setting a goal to quit smoking ... Show more content on
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There are many alternatives to choose from such as chewing gum, using nicotine patches (if
necessary), jogging or running, and just simple doing something else to keep your mind busy. The
main purpose of all of these methods is to just keep the mind occupied so that it will not wander
back to thinking about smoking a cigarette.
So, one of the best alternative methods to smoking is chewing gum. Chewing on gum has been
proven to work on countless occasions, because it keeps your mouth moving. Gum is a simple,
everyday item that has become a valuable tool to helping people quit smoking. Gum is the most
recommended alternative method to people who plan to quick smoking, and gum is also generally
one of the most heard of and used methods as well.
In order to cut down on the amount of cigarettes a person smokes, they must do so in increments.
For example, a man smokes two packs of cigarettes a week but he suddenly decides to quit smoking,
so the man settles to smoking a pack and a half a week for two or three weeks instead. After that two
or three weeks has past, he then cuts down to smoking only a pack a week for another two to three
weeks. He will continue to do this until he has gotten to where he will no longer feels the urge to
smoke a

Rational Choice Theory: Merits and Limitations
The objective of this paper is to provide insight into Rational Choice Theory. This theory, highly
relied upon by many disciplines, is also used to calculate and determine crime and criminal
behavior. Through definition, example and techniques utilized by criminologists, the reader will
have a better understanding of the subject. By definition, criminology is the study of crime, criminal
behavior and how it pertains to the law. Criminology is considered a scientific technique. Therefore,
those who study and carry out its theories are considered scientists. The theories and practices
within the subject help criminologists determine the cause and consequence of criminal behavior;
also why criminology is so highly regarded among law ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This reasoning is inherently based on the belief that if the punishment is severe enough, it will deter
or prevent further criminal behavior. Incidentally, thirty–eight states currently uphold the death
penalty based on the findings of rational choice theory (cite).
The CEO of a large corporation decides to siphon small inconspicuous amounts of money from his
employer, over an extended period of time. A thief decides to rob an elderly woman walking down a
darkened street in the middle of the night. These are just a couple examples of rational choice
transpiring. The CEO believes that if he steals only small amounts of money, stretched out over
time, no one will have noticed that the money is missing and he will ultimately get away with it. The
thief believes that by choosing a more vulnerable target, such as the elderly woman, in a less than
safe environment, a darkened street that there will potentially be no witness to his crime and he will
likely get away with it, as well.
Rational choice theory can be applied to nearly every form of crime. Murder, rape, robbery can all in
some way be attributed to rational decision making. Rational choice theory is heavily relied upon
because it allows for scientific explanation. Scientific explanation is considered the most respected
and substantial form of supporting evidence in virtually all disciplines. However, due to a "lack" of
true hard evidence, the accuracy

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Rational Choice Theory
Early theories on criminality presume criminal offenders as rational individuals and criminal acts are
based on rational decisions. The theory defined is the Rational Choice Theory. An economic
principle that assumes that individuals always make prudent and logical decisions that provide them
with the greatest benefit or satisfaction and that are in their highest self–interest. Most mainstream
economic assumptions and theories are based on rational choice theory. It has long appeared to
many people that economics is the most successful of the social sciences. It has assumed that people
are motivated by money and by the possibility of making a profit, and this has allowed it to
construct formal, and often predictive, models of human behavior. This apparent success has led
many other social scientists to cast envious eyes in its direction. They have ... Show more content on
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Rational choice theory adopts a methodological individualist position and attempts to explain all
social phenomena in terms of the rational calculations made by self–interested individuals.
2. Rational choice theory sees social interaction as social exchange. modelled on economic action.
People are motivated by the rewards and costs of actions and by the profits that they can make.
3. Some rational choice theorists have seen rationality as a result of psychological conditioning.
Others have adopted the position that it is simply necessary to assume that individuals act as if they
were completely rational.
4. The problem of collective action poses great difficulties for rational choice theory, which cannot
explain why individuals join many kinds of groups and associations.
5. The problem of social norms, the other aspect of the Hobbesian problem of order, also poses
difficulties. Rational choice theories cannot explain the origins of social norms, especially those of
altruism, reciprocity, and

The Purpose Of The Rational Choice Theory
The "Rational Choice Theory" is based on the classical theory but as an addition to make it more
current (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). The basis of the rational choice theory is that a person will consider
the risks versus rewards before committing a crime (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). Created by Cornish &
Clark, there are three principals that add to the classical theory (Bohm & Vogel, 2011). The first
principal is that all people are not always based on reasons. The second principal is that when
weighing the risks, people do not just consider judicial punishment, but they also consider other
factors such as being rejected by family and friends or jeopardizing their employment (Bohm &
Vogel, 2011). The third principal basically states that the way people

Applying Kathy's Rational Choice Theory
Another aspect of rational choice theory is the amount of pleasure that is received form a crime.
Receiving pleasure from a crime can be a sexual gratification, monetary rewards that make one
happy, or any other enjoyable aspect an individual receives from committing a crime. If there is
pleasure involved in the crime, then the offender is more likely to keep committing a crime whereas
if someone commits a crime and there was little to no pleasure involved in it, they will be less likely
to keep committing the crime. Kathy committed her crimes over several years and was receiving
pleasure from her crimes as she was making money and taking jewelry from clients, which she then
used to fund her lavish lifestyle of vacations and shopping. The ... Show more content on
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Although biology lost its influence in criminology, by the mid 1970s there was interest in the newer
biological approaches coming into the field (Lysova, lecture 5). Through the biosocial perspective it
has been determined that both nature and nurture are important factors in an upbringing and
determining what brought on criminality, rather than the outdated nature vs nurture debate (Tibbetts
& Hemmens, 2015). Biosocial perspectives consist of emotional support growing up, the
environment one grew up in and antisocial behaviours that stem from this. Biosocial perspectives
can be applied to Kathy's childhood and upbringing in order to help explain why she committed the
crimes based on both her genes and environment growing

Rational Choice Theory Of Criminal Behavior Essay
People chose all behavior and including all criminal behavior. Which in this case the choices that
criminals make brings them pleasure and adrenaline. Criminal choices can be controlled by fear of
punishment, but not all the time. The crime will be limited when the benefits are reduced and the
costs increase. Rational choice theory is a perspective that holds criminality in the result of
conscious choice. Not to mention, that it is predicted that individuals choose to commit crime when
the benefits outweigh the costs of disobeying the law. In the rational choice theory, individuals are
seen as motivated offenders by their needs, wants and goals that express their preferences. This
theory has been applied to a wide of range in crime, such as robbery, drug use, vandalism, and white
collar crime. Furthermore, rational choice theory had a revival in sociology in the early 1960s, under
the heading of exchange theory, and by the end of the decade was having a renewed influence in
criminology, first as control theory and later as routine activities theory.
Rational choice theory addresses, criminal behavior in various ways. In addition, this theory also
falls short in many places. I have decided to work on the rational theory because it is a common
theory that I see on a day to day base. I feel that anyone who breaks the law should be held
responsible and not be rewarded with such a low punishment. If our criminal justice system enforces
stricter punishments than those who are

Blais: What Are The Key Elements Of Rational Choice Theory?
What are the key elements of rational choice theory?
Text 1:
Blais, A. (2000). To vote or not to vote?. Pittsburgh, Pa.: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Andre Blais discusses the relationship between rational choice theory and the likelihood of people
choosing to vote in political elections. The book states that the theory assumes that an individual
will weigh up the costs and benefits of voting, and if the benefits are not greater than the costs, the
individual will not engage in the voting process. The individual must determine the expected (not
potential) benefits voting will bring and whether or not the outcome of the election will impact
significantly on their everyday life. The extent to which an individual's vote is instrumental in
ensuring their preferred candidate wins the election will determine ... Show more content on
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The idea of individual actors possessing heroic qualities when confronted with situations
complicated in nature is also explored, especially in regards to an individual's ability to select the
most beneficial course of action available to them in such situations. The chapter then discusses the
challenges and limitations of the theory based on varying definitions of self–interest and its ability
to apply to different disciplines within the social sciences. It concludes by assessing the limits of
rational choice theory, thus providing insight into how the key elements are not static and are subject
to change and debate depending on the area of public policy concerned. Overall, this text will be
instrumental in allowing me to examine the key elements of rational choice theory as they apply to
all areas of public policy and to critically assess their

Rational Choice Theory Of Crime
Rational Choice Theory People often question what motivates a person to commit a crime, or
conduct themselves in a manner that may entail injury, arrest, or imprisonment. Well there are
various theories that explain why people do what they do when relating to crime. I will be analyzing
rational choice theory and how it seems most appropriate form of theory to describe why people act
the way they do. In order to understand why people conduct themselves in a criminal manner; we
must first consider analyzing rational choice theory. Lyman and Potter (2014) describe rational
choice theory as people being free agents who are able to make rational choices I all aspects of their
life. This basically means that regardless of the reason for committing

Theories Of Rational Choice Theory
Introduction
When a natural scientist is interested in how something works, he usually observes, then constructs
a theory which helps to interpret what he sees. Following the building of a model, the results of the
experiment tell whether the theory correctly explained the phenomenon in question. Even in the case
of the physical sciences, the construction of a model requires assumptions to be made, leading to the
model omitting certain, preferably unimportant effectors. The same is true about models built by
economists to explain social phenomena. Sudgen defined models as credible worlds, i.e. deliberate
constructions of an abstract entity by the modeller, resulting in a parallel/counterfactual world,
which resembles only aspects of our ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The rational agent has preferences and prospects, other core ingredients of rational choice theory.
Preferences represent subjective evaluation of options by the agent, they are contextualised (the
choice is between 'consumption bundles' rather than individual goods) and bear a number of
assumptions about their nature. These include asymmetry, transitivity, completeness; and ranking all
lotteries involving alternatives, ranking all compound lotteries involving initial lotteries, ranking all
compound lotteries involving all compound lotteries, and so on ad infinitum (stated as further
requirements on rationality – theory by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern). Asymmetry
means that if an agent prefers a to b, he does not prefer b to a. Transitivity entails that if an agent
prefers a to b and b to c, he also prefers a to c. Completeness refers to the assumption that an agent
either prefers something to something else, or else is indifferent between them. However, it can
happen that people are mot always indifferent to the options they do not ranked as preferred – the
resulting incomplete rankings are normal.
Preferences are determined to be a psychological attitude: the agent compares various items and
ranks which ones he likes better than others (the preferences). The probability function represents
the agent's beliefs about the states of the world, while the interval–valued (or carinal) utility function
stands for the agent's relative desires for the basic

Rational Choice Theory: The American Persona
The American Persona is basically the average person or personality of America; what they say,
think, and how they act. Rational choice theory is an assumption that people always make prudent
and logical decisions that usually benefit or satisfy them to their own personal interest. In my
opinion, being American is eating a lot and gaining weight. It is also having freedom of speech, of
religion, of expression, etc. and having rights to bare arms, equal justice, etc. But do we really?
Rational choice theory and the American persona are closely related. You might ask in what way
they are related, well they both are personalities in a way. The average American uses rational
choice theory. Many of them only think about what's ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
You are able to believe in anything; God, no god, science, the devil, music, yourself, politics, or
anything that makes you happy, even batman. You are able to believe in what you want, unlike many
other countries. For example in North Korea it's a must to believe in their supreme leader and look
up to him as though he was some god even though he isn't. In America you can express your
sexuality and be who you want to be with no one stopping you, except your parents if you're a
minor. You can be gay, lesbian, straight, transgender, and so on. The fact that it's legal to have same
sex marriage is a huge accomplish because even though people don't like it they're going to have to
deal with it because no one can stop love and people are going to have to accept

Deterrence And Rational Choice Theory
Introduction Deterrence and Rational Choice Theory and the three strikes laws are seen by some
researcher as the way to maintain control, deter crime and deliver harsh punishment for repeat
offenders by subjecting them to the three strikes law. They believe that if the punishment is harsh
that offenders will be deterred to commit crime. We will take a look at these theories, and see if they
are really the answer to our crime problems in the USA. It will also allow us to ask the question
which is: can theories work better individually or should we incorporate them to make a better
policy? And if we do incorporate them will in a policy, will they reduce crime, deter criminal from
committing future crimes, and help to reduce future criminal acts? Lastly, can we implement general
strain theory to into the policy so that we can try to figure out what is wrong, along with
reevaluating the three strike law and see if the mandatory sentencing is working or is part of the
problem?
.
Literature Review Over the years, many theorists have been considering alternative type sanctions
for offenders, because of the ever growing issue of prison overcrowding of our jails at state, local
and federal level. The use of alternative type sanctions seem to be growing, and is getting a second
look from many prisons, and jails as an option for some offender. Also, "in addition to relieving jail
and prison overcrowding, the level of risk many offenders represent is too much for probation, but

Deterrence And Rational Choice Theory
Throughout the world crime is happening every single day. Yes, some people may feel as if the
deterrence theory does not work. Due to the fact that crime still happens in the world. This essay
will look at the support for the theory. As well as the key problems for the theory. Next, it will
explain some of the newest directions in deterrence/rational choice theory. Finally, it will either
agree/disagree with someone's thought on deterrence and how it does not work and is a waste of
time to study. Deterrence and rational choice are two different things. Deterrence is used to punish
those who disobey and in return help deter others from committing the same crime. While rational
choice is when the individual thinks about the cost and the benefits of them committing this crime
(Cornish and Clarke, text CH 34). Deterrence and rational choice tend to work pretty well on young
adults. For example, if a teenager sees his friends face time in prison for committing an act of
violence. That may deter them from committing the same crime or something similar. Reason is that
they possibly think of the pros and cons of each situation and how the effect it could have on family.
Also where deterrence and rational choice work could not be define. Due to the fact that judges
interpret the law, and do not have a across the board rule and sentencing guideline to help them
make a decision. Deterrence and rational choice does have some problems. One problem is that
there is no way to tell if

Rational Choice Theory Versus Social Control Theory
Rational choice theory and social control theory both show why an individual may commit a
criminal act, but they both also draw criticism of their approach. Rational choice theory critics point
out that "The first problem with the theory has to do with explaining collective action. That is, if
individuals simply base their actions on calculations of personal profit, why would they ever choose
to do something that will benefit others more than themselves?" (Crossman, 2015). The theory
focuses only on the individual's mindset and doesn't take into account any of their social structure.
The society an individual grows up in may make them more prone to commit crime. Social control
theory, in particular the study conducted by Travis Hirschi, also

Social Strain Theory And Rational Choice Theory In...
Criminology is an interdisciplinary science that gathers and analyzes data on crime and criminal
behavior. As I learned about criminology I learned that there are several theories that come along
with it. The two theories in criminology that stood out the most to me were social strain theory and
rational choice theory. These theories stood out to me because I felt like these were two that I can
truly see how the people who developed them came about. Social strain theory was created by
Robert Merton in the 1940s. Robert Merton is a very famous sociologist who accomplished a lot
throughout his career. He spent a lot of his time studying at Colombia University. He also was the
first sociologist that received a National Medal of Science Award. Merton came up with the strain
theory as an explanation as to why crime rate was so high. Rational choice theory was created by
Ronald Clarke and Derek Cornish. Ronald Clarke was a professor who severed as a dean at the
School of Criminal Justice. He was there was longer than a decade. Clarke also had a very
successful career. An important and most noted part of his career is him being given the highest
award in criminology. The highest awards was the Stockholm Prize in Criminology. Clarke has also
written several books and help developed several things in Britain's government. Cornish worked in
the department of social science at London School of Economics. Rational choice theory was
created to explain why and how every human who commits a crime is faced with a choice.
Theory A
Social Strain Theory is one of the many theories in criminology. According to our textbook, the
definition of social strain theory better known as strain theory is that crime is generated from the
acceptance of middle–class values that emphasize financial success while certain segments of the
population are restricted from attaining monetary success by legitimate means. Essentially this
means that everybody does not have the same opportunities. It means that sometimes people do
want to achieve more but it hard for them. As you grow, one of the main things you are taught as a
child is the American Dream. The dream that tells you one day you will be successful with a family
and good job to support.

Jodi Arias Rational Choice Theory
The high–profile case that I chose was regarding a lady name Jodi Arias. Arias who was convicted
on first degree murder. Jodi Arias killed her salesman ex– boyfriend Travis Victor Alexander on
October 4, 2008 in his home in Mesa, Arizona. She was convicted on May 8, 2013, and was
sentenced to life in prison. Jodi stabbed Travis multiple times with a knife, cut his throat, and then
shot Travis in the head. Arias killed her ex–boyfriend Travis in the shower, after have a romantic
time with him. While Travis was in the shower, and his cell phone rung and he had an incoming
message and Jodi went through his phone. In regards to this after seeing the incoming message was
another female; she then reacted in a violent outrage. Arias proclaimed to ... Show more content on
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Rational choice theory specifies that all individuals makes logical decisions. It states a person acts
without thinking, or even showing any sort of feelings. Theorist think that individuals don't care in
know type of way about the crime that they have committed. Individuals also don't consider their
present nor their future when committing these crimes. In this case, it provides the person that is
committing the crime with the greatest satisfaction, because they feel like what needed to be done
was done to benefit them. The rational choice theory in this case with Jodi is that she felt that she
had to kill Travis so that he wouldn't communicate with no other females. She felt this if she couldn't
have him no one else could, and so she had to figure out a solution to benefit her. So however,
killing him was the prudent and logical decision that she encountered. Also, the trait theory also
apply, because of the different behavior pattern that Jodi presented. One of the things was emotions
which was the jealous traits that she showed, by not wanting Travis to talk to anyone even though
they were not together. I also think this is considering to be a trait theories, because of the different
behavior patterns that were going through her mind during the time of the relationship, and break

Examples Of Rational Choice Theory By Ronald Goby
1) According to the rational choice theory human actions are based on rationality. In other words an
individual that commit a crime is rational and he/she thinks that the decision that they are taken is
the one that bring the most benefits. Crime is committed for a rational person after the pros and cons
from disobeying the law are evaluated.
In today's society everybody knows that pornography is illegal. That a person is considered an adult
when he/she turns 21. Ronald Goby was clearly conscious about what he was doing, he had
knowledge that he was committing a crime and he knew the consequences were. He choose pleasure
over pain. The decisions made by Ronald Goby were "involvement decisions" because according to
the prosecutors he continued to send pornographic material (pictures) to the 13 year old victim. ...
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However, Ronald Goby not only had determination and opportunity to commit the crime. He also
had the advantage of not being consider a threat to society, being a Northwestern University police
lieutenant nobody consider he could be a criminal with his background (Socioeconomic status) and
his lifestyle. He played an important role in society and as a police officer he was a role model to
society, a person that was consider valuable because he enforced the law, preserved peace, reduced
fear, and maintained order. His mission was to protect the lives and property of all citizens like
guardian. The rational choice theory stablishes that crime is likely to occur when a motivated
offender and a suitable target come together in the absence of a capable guardian. In this specific
case the capable guardian was not absent he is the

Rational And Rational Choice Theory
Rational choice theory posits that any individual makes behavioral choices because they logically
consider any potentially criminal situation, weigh the possible benefits versus the possible costs, and
make a decision to act based on whether or not the benefits outweigh the risks. Rational choice
theory differs from other philosophies in that it "denies the existence of any kinds of action other
than the purely rational and calculative. All social action, it is argued, can be seen as rationally
motivated, as instrumental action, however much it may appear to be irrational or non–rational"
(Scott, 2000). Making rational choices means being motivated by personal wants, goals, and needs.
It is not possible for all wants and needs to be met or achieved; therefore, choices are made in order
to bring the greatest satisfaction and happiness to the individual. "Individual" does not always
reference one human being; rational choice theory is a main idea in economics, sociology, and many
other social sciences. An individual with regard to the theory can be a corporation, group, or other
defined entity that engages in decision–making. The limitations of this theory have led researchers
to develop many sub–theories. One sub–theory of rational choice is routine activity theory, which
posits that crime is not an aberration of human society, but merely a common facet of culture that
only requires opportunity. First developed and published by Marcus Felson and Lawrence E. Cohen
in 1979,

Rational Choice Theory as a Deterant to Crime Essay
Written Assignment 1 (Due October 1st )
Rational choice theories are among the fastest growing theories in social science today. Many
sociologists and political scientists defend the claim that rational choice theory can provide the basis
for a unified and comprehensive theory of social behavior. What distinguishes rational choice theory
from other forms of theory is that it denies the existence of any kinds of action other than the purely
rational and calculative. All social action can be seen as rationally motivated, as instrumental action,
however much of it may appear to be irrational or non–rational. I believe that the Rational Choice
Theory would be most beneficial in the reduction or control of crime. According to the Rational ...
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People will engage in criminal and deviant activities if they do not fear apprehension and
punishment. Norms, laws, and enforcement are to be designed and implemented to produce and
maintain the image that "negative" and disruptive behaviors will receive attention and punishment.
Although specific individuals become the object of enforcement activities, general deterrence theory
focuses on reducing the probability of deviance in the general population. Examples of control
activities reflecting the concerns of this concept include: Drunk–driving crackdowns, special gang–
related crime task forces and police units, publication and highly visible notices of laws and
policies. General deterrence strategies focus on future behaviors, preventing individuals from
engaging in crime or deviant by impacting their rational decision making process. Specific
deterrence focuses on punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever again violating
the specific norms they have broken. Through the rational use of punishment as a negative sanction,
problematic behavior can be cut down dramatically. Some examples are: shock sentencing, corporal
punishment, mandatory arrests for certain behaviors. Specific deterrence strategies, focuses on
punishing known deviants in order to prevent them from ever

Alexander Hamilton: An Example Of Rational Choice Theory
There is a whole lot of different theories that are proposed within the study of criminology. For
example, there are theories for crime prevention, why someone would commit a crime, and how to
defend a crime in court if caught. However, this essay will look at rational choice theory in
particular within the song "Hurricane" in the musical "Hamilton". Though this song may be
incredibly complex, it is an excellent example of rational choice theory, which is "the view that
crime is a function of a decision–making process, in which the potential offender weighs the
potential costs and benefits of an illegal activity." (Siegel & McCormick, 2016. p. 130). In other
words, this theory proposes that before someone commits a criminal act, they question the benefits
and negatives towards the act. Though in the musical Hamilton, the title character: Alexander
Hamilton has already committed the act of adultery, he is put into another corner when it is
speculated that he has embezzled some money in the prior song. Even though it is certainly
questionable whether or not Alexander Hamilton was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hamilton knows that this is the quiet before the storm, as there is calm during a period in which an
eye of a hurricane is over; however, the band around the eye of it is the most dangerous. Frankly,
Hamilton knows that he is in such a situation that he is quite literally damned if he does, and
damned if he doesn't answer this speculation. On the one hand, his legacy might be plagued with
speculation that he was corrupt or he be known as one to commit an affair. "I'll write my way out.
Overwhelm them with honesty. This is the eye of the hurricane; this is the only way I can protect my
legacy." (Miranda, 2015a). Hamilton decides that the best course of action he can do in this situation
is, to tell the truth, in his own mind he views his legacy more important than his private family

Rational Choice Theory And The Decision-Making Process Of...
What is rational choice theory? According to Bernard et al. (2015) rational choice theory presumes
that intelligence and free will, discern that criminals have limited rationality. The rational choice
theory states that offenders are motivated by practical ideals and the cost–benefits in committing
crime.
According to Beuregard & Leclere et al. (2015), rational choice theory is a theory used to examine
the decision–making process of offenders. The rational choice theory presumes that criminals
commit crimes because crime provides effective ways of getting desired return such as money,
material goods, prestige, sexual gratification, domination of others. When criminals decide to
commit a crime, they weigh the efforts, rewards, cost and the

Rational Choice Theory

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