This document discusses discipline in an educational context. It defines discipline as the training of the mind and character to encourage desirable behavior. Discipline is necessary to maintain an effective learning environment and help students develop self-control. The document outlines different approaches to discipline, including traditional, development, positive and self-controlled approaches. It discusses the principles, aims, types and components of an effective disciplinary system.
A chart is a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand. If you chart an area of land, sea, or sky, or a feature in that area, you make a map of the area or show the feature in it. The main functions of a chart are to display data and invite further exploration of a topic. Charts are used in situations where a simple table won't adequately demonstrate important relationships or patterns between data points.
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1Babitha Devu
This is the introductory part of Evaluation in CET. The purpose, Principles & types of evaluation are elaborated here.
further, the criteria for selection of assessment techniques are also briefed.
Student teacher can be able to know about various skills, micro teaching cycle, micro teaching Procedure, micro teaching phases , difference between micro , macro , mini teaching
Remedial Measures for Eradicating the Causes of Indiscipline and Comparing th...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In order to bring the educational system nearer to the requirements of the people and their vocations
the government of the India in consultation with some of the educationists have evolved a new pattern of
education called the Basic education system. According to it upto secondary stage there will be two divisions
namely, junior basic and higher basic. The ordinary seven or eight years duration programme from class VI to
class XII of the secondary stage will be reduced to six years programme and three years higher secondary
course. In this connection it was also decided that this system would be implemented gradually and in the first
stage one or two schools would be set up in the larger towns and cities of the country.
A chart is a diagram, picture, or graph which is intended to make information easier to understand. If you chart an area of land, sea, or sky, or a feature in that area, you make a map of the area or show the feature in it. The main functions of a chart are to display data and invite further exploration of a topic. Charts are used in situations where a simple table won't adequately demonstrate important relationships or patterns between data points.
Note on evaluation and assessment Part - 1Babitha Devu
This is the introductory part of Evaluation in CET. The purpose, Principles & types of evaluation are elaborated here.
further, the criteria for selection of assessment techniques are also briefed.
Student teacher can be able to know about various skills, micro teaching cycle, micro teaching Procedure, micro teaching phases , difference between micro , macro , mini teaching
Remedial Measures for Eradicating the Causes of Indiscipline and Comparing th...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In order to bring the educational system nearer to the requirements of the people and their vocations
the government of the India in consultation with some of the educationists have evolved a new pattern of
education called the Basic education system. According to it upto secondary stage there will be two divisions
namely, junior basic and higher basic. The ordinary seven or eight years duration programme from class VI to
class XII of the secondary stage will be reduced to six years programme and three years higher secondary
course. In this connection it was also decided that this system would be implemented gradually and in the first
stage one or two schools would be set up in the larger towns and cities of the country.
maintenace of dicipline, type, aims, principle, need for dicipline, function, error, cause of indicipline, diciplinary action, role of nurse nurse manager.
This topic is included in the paper of gender issues and peace education in the curriculum of B.Ed.
The presentation describes the healthy discipline among school childrens.
The principles are organized into these areas of psychological functioning:. Cognition and learning; Motivation; Social and emotional dimensions;. Context and learning; .& Assessment.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance.pdfNEHA GUPTA
The "ICH Guidelines for Pharmacovigilance" PDF provides a comprehensive overview of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines related to pharmacovigilance. These guidelines aim to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for patients by monitoring and assessing adverse effects, ensuring proper reporting systems, and improving risk management practices. The document is essential for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry, regulatory authorities, and healthcare providers, offering detailed procedures and standards for pharmacovigilance activities to enhance drug safety and protect public health.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
4. INTRODUCTION:
The word ‘discipline’ comes from the Latin term
‘disciplina’ which means teaching , learning and growing.
Discipline will enhance the:
1. learning situation
2. more creative
3. self-disciplined understanding needed for good
citizenship in today’s changing world.
Essential for maintaining a conducive environment in
educational institutions.
It is a necessary and positive tool in promoting
subordinate growth.
6. DEFINITION:
According to Percynunn:
“ Discipline consists in the submission of
one’s impulses and powers to a regulation
which imposes form upon chaos and brings
efficiency and economy where there would
otherwise be ineffectiveness and waste.
Though part of our nature may resist this
control, its acceptances must on the whole be
willing acceptance, the spontaneous
movement of a nature in which there is an
inborn impulses towards greater perception”
7. “Discipline”
can be defined as a training or moulding of
the mind and character to bring about
desirable behaviour.
is a vital component in the process of
education.
is the control of behaviour to attain a goal
and purpose.
8. THE MODERN CONCEPT OF DISCIPLINE:
Today, we teach students to obey, but we
want this obedience to be a thinking
obedience, not merely a reliance up on
authority
Recently, positive and creative type
discipline in focus.
The modern educator believes in self-
discipline.
It implies not only bringing under control but
also submitting one’s behaviour to self-
imposed regulations.
In short, modern discipline helps the
students to become self-propelled, self-
controlled and self-guiding person.
9. NEED FOR DISCIPLINE
for the successful implementation
of the educational programme.
for helping child in the growth of
individual personality,
for giving him the feeling of
security
For a sense of confidence and a
knowledge of boundaries of his
freedom.
10. CONTI…
essential for the teacher also, before
he/she can teach the children
For good teaching, good conditions
are necessary as a good ideas and
good teachers.
For good administration
11. FUNCTION OF DISCIPLINE:
Discipline as a universal cultural phenomenon
is considered as serving a number of
specific functions in the growth process of
young people:
It facilitates learning
It assists in learning those standards of
conduct acceptable within society
It helps to acquire characteristics of positive
nature such as self-control and persistence
It assists in securing stability of the social
order within which the young may achieve
security and maturity.
12.
13. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF
DISCIPLINE:
Heidgerken describes the aims of discipline in nursing education
as follows:
To create and maintain desirable condition in the teaching- learning
situation
To create favourable attitudes towards the establishment and the
maintenance of conditions essential to effective work, in order to
achieve the desired objectives.
To assist in the development of self-control and co-operation which are
regarded as essential traits in the daily living as well as in professional
functioning.
To cultivate in the students good conduct, self-discipline and
responsibility, under the school motto: ‘ diligence, frugality, loyality,
faithfulness’ in order to lead a rich and meaningful of life
14. CONTI….
To help students to realize the importance of school regulations, and to abide to them.
To maintain a peaceful and harmonic environment for school life.
To encourage students to love each other and be respectful to teachers.
To develop among the employees a spirit of tolerance and a desire to make adjustment.
To give and seek direction and responsibility.
To create an atmosphere of respect for the human personality and human relations.
To obtain a willing acceptance of the rules, regulation and procedure of an organization
so that organization goals can be achieved.
To impact an element of certainty despite several differences in normal behaviour
patterns and other related changes in an organization.
15. PRINCIPAL OF DISCIPLINE:
Disciplinary procedures should be….
• In harmony with the total goals of education.
• Based on and controlled by love and not by fear.
Positive and constructive.
Ensure equal justice for all,
Primarily preventive, secondarily corrective and
retributive.
Not an end. .
Discipline should be designed to place up on the
student more and more responsibility in respect of his
own choices, purposes and behaviour as he grows in
the ability to shoulder such responsibility.
Discipline is something which the teacher helps
children to attain not something that a teacher
maintains.
Make most disciplinary talks in private.
26. APPROACHES FOR DISCIPLINE:
(A)Traditional approach emphasizes
punishments for undesirable
behaviour. The main purpose of
traditional discipline are:
1. To implement punishment for sin,
2. To enforce conformity to custom,
3. To strengthen authority of old over
the young.
27. CONTI…..
(B)Development approaches emphasizes
discipline as a shaper of desirable
behaviour. The main purposes of this
approach are:
1. To shape the behaviour by providing
favourable consequences for the right
behaviour or unfavourable consequences
for wrong behaviour.
2. To avoid physical punishments, protection
of rights of the accused and replacement
of arbitrary individual judgement with group
judgement and guilt.
29. McGregor’s hot stove rules for fair
and effective discipline:
Four elements must be present to
make discipline as fair and growth
producing as possible:
1. Forewarning
2. Immediate consequences
3. Consistency
4. Impartiality
30. COMPONENTS OF A DISCIPLINARY ACTION
PROGRAM:
Codes of conduct:
Authorized penalties:
Oral reprimands
Written reprimand
Other penalties