The document discusses various types of natural and man-made disasters that can occur in India, including earthquakes, floods, cyclones, and industrial or chemical accidents. It outlines India's vulnerability to different disasters and describes the fundamental aspects of disaster management, including response, preparedness, and mitigation. The document also provides guidance on personal safety during different disaster types and the roles of various agencies in India's national disaster management system.

1. K H Sulaiman
Health Supervisor

2. A disaster can be defined as any
occurrence that causes damage,
ecological disruption, loss of human life or
deterioration of health services on a scale
sufficient to warrant an extra ordinary
response from outside the affected
community or area.
A hazard can be defined as any
phenomena that has the potential to cause
disruption or damage to people and their
environment.

3. Major Disasters
•Earthquakes
•Cyclones
•Flood
•Tidal waves
•Land slides
•Volcanic
eruptions
•Tornados
•Fires
•Hurricanes
•Snow storms
•Smog (severe air
pollution)
•Heat waves
•Famines
•Epidemic
•Building collapse
•Toxicological accident
•Warfare

4. • 57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of these,
12% is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
• 68% land is vulnerable to drought.
• 12% land is vulnerable to floods.
• 8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
• Apart from natural disasters, some cities in India
are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial
disasters and man-made disasters.
India’s Vulnerability to Disasters

5. • Activating an Early Warning System network and
its close monitoring
• Mechanisms for integrating the scientific,
technological and administrative agencies for
effective disaster management
• Terrestrial communication links which collapse in
the event of a rapid onset disaster
• Vulnerability of critical infrastructures (power
supply, communication, water supply, transport,
etc.) to disaster events
Areas of Concern

6. • Funding : Primacy of relief as disaster response.
• Preparedness and Mitigation very often ignored.
• Lack of integrated efforts to collect and compile
data, information and local knowledge on disaster
history and traditional response patterns.
• Need for standardised efforts in compiling and
interpreting geo-spatial data, satellite imagery and
early warning signals.
• Weak areas continue to be forecasting, modelling,
risk prediction, simulation and scenario analysis,
etc.

7. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
There are three fundamental aspects of
disaster management:
• disaster response
• disaster preparedness
• disaster mitigation

8. DURING DISASTER
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
PRE-DISASTER

9. Disaster impact & response
•SRF (Search, Rescue & First Aid). Most
first help comes from uninjured survivors.
•Field care: Bed availability, medical care,
transportation, relatives responses,
identification and mortuary.
•Triage: Four color system
•Tagging
•Identification of dead
•Hospital treatment

10. Why Triage Important……?
• Those who are likely to live, regardless
of what care they receive
• Those who are likely to die, regardless
of what care they receive
• Those for whom immediate care might
make a positive difference in outcome

11. In Japan the triage system is mainly used by
health professionals. The categories of triage, in
corresponding color codes, are:
Category I: Used for viable victims with
potentially life-threatening conditions.
Category II: Used for victims with non-life-
threatening injuries, but who urgently require
treatment.
Category III: Used for victims with minor
injuries that do not require ambulance transport.
Category 0: Used for victims who are dead,
or whose injuries make survival unlikely.

12. Relief phase: it start when assistance reach from
outside area.
• Food
• Blankets
• Clothing
• Shelter
• Sanitary engineering
• Equipments
• Construction materials etc.

13. Epidemiological Surveillance
• Overcrowding and poor sanitation
• Introduction of CD
• Contamination of water sources
• The funds and resources is being diverted to
relief, normal system suffer
• Ecological changes favor vectors
• Displacement of animals create new diseases
• The involvement of outside food and water
create issues

14. Vaccination
•Typhoid, Cholera & Tetanus
Nutrition
•It should be monitored closely

15. Rehabilitation
• Water Supply
• Food Safety
• Basic Sanitation
• Vector Control

16. Disaster Mitigation
Flood mitigation work, land use practice, building
construction and schools, more care for vulnerable
populations etc.

17. Disaster Preparedness
Ensure that appropriate systems, procedures and
resources are in place to provide prompt effective
assistance to disaster victims

18. Disaster Preparedness
1. Evaluate the risk of disasters in the country
2. Adopt standards and regulations
3. Organize communications, information and
warning system
4. Ensure coordination and response mechanism
5. Financial and other resources are readily
available
6. Develop public education program
7. Coordinate information mechanism with news
media
8. Disaster simulation exercise

19. Policy Development
a. Establish long-term goals.
b. Assign responsibilities to assign these goals
c. Establish recommended work practice
d. Determine criteria for decision making
While policy is from ‘top-bottom’ its implementation
should from ‘bottom-top’

20. Policy Development : Different Sectors
1. Communication
2. Health
3. Social Welfare
4. Police & security
5. Search & rescue
6. Transport

21. Personal Protection in Different type of Disasters
1. Use telephone only for help, not make it busy
lines
2. Listen radio or broadcast
3. Obey official instructions.
4. Keep family emergency kit ready
5. Financial and other resources are readily
available
6. Develop public education program
7. Coordinate information mechanism with news
media
8. Disaster simulation exercise

22. Flood
During Flood
1. Turn of electricity
2. Protect people and property: move vulnerable
people and valuable properties upside
3. Beware of water contamination
4. Obey the order of evacuation authorities
5. Financial and other resources are readily
available
6. Develop public education program
7. Coordinate information mechanism with news
media
8. Disaster simulation exercise

23. Flood
After Flood
1. Avoid drinking water untreated
2. Clean and disinfect room
3. Clean, sterilize or wash with boiling water all
dishes
4. Avoid all unsafe food and consumables

24. 1. Have a storm safety kit handy.
2. Stay inside during thunderstorms and blizzards.
Lightning, wind and ice can damage power lines,
making them very dangerous. It's also important to stay
off the phone and computer during a storm too.
3. Use flashlights instead of candles. Using candles
during a storm is a big fire hazard.
4. Don’t open the refrigerator or freezer unless you
absolutely need to. Keeping the door closed as much
as possible will make the food last longer.
5. If your power goes out, have a grown-up notify the
power company right away. The more calls or
notifications they get, the faster they can find and fix the
problem.

25. What to Do During an Earthquake
• Stay calm! If you're indoors, stay inside. If you're
outside, stay outside.
• If you're indoors, stand against a wall near the center of
the building, stand in a doorway, or crawl under heavy
furniture (a desk or table). Stay away from windows and
outside doors.
• If you're outdoors, stay in the open away from power
lines or anything that might fall. Stay away from buildings
(stuff might fall off the building or the building could fall
on you).
• Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas
lines and fire don't mix.
• If you're in a car, stop the car and stay inside the car until
the earthquake stops.
• Don't use elevators (they'll probably get stuck anyway)

26. What to Do After an Earthquake
• Provide first aid for anyone who needs it.
• Check water, gas, and electric lines for damage. If any
are damaged, shut off the valves. Check for the smell of
gas. If you smell it, open all the windows and doors,
leave immediately, and report it to the authorities (use
someone else's phone).
• Turn on the radio. Don't use the phone unless it's an
emergency.
• Stay out of damaged buildings.
• Be careful around broken glass and debris. Wear boots
or sturdy shoes to keep from cutting your feet.
• Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).
• Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis sometimes hit after
the ground has stopped shaking.
• Stay away from damaged areas.
• If you're at school or work, follow the emergency plan or
the instructions of the person in charge.

27. The National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA) has been set up as the apex body for Disaster
Management in India, with the Prime Minister as its
Chairman.
Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State
and District Levels to be headed by the Chief Ministers and
Collectors/District Panchayath President respectively.

28. A National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administerd by
NDMA. States and districts will administer mitigation funds.
A National Disaster Response Fund will be administerd by
NDMA through the National Executive Committee. States and
Districts will administer state Disaster Response Fund and
Disaster Response Fund respectively.
8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) are
being trained and deployed with CSSR (Collapsed Structure
Search and Rescue) and MFR (Medical First
Respond)equipments and tools in eight strategic locations.
A National Disaster Management Policy and National
Disaster Response Plan will also be drawn up.

29. Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management
• Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC
• Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department
• Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department
• Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
• Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment,
Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry
• Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and
Forests
• Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labor
• Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways
• Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation
• Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs
• Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy
• Mine Disasters : Department of Mines