The seminar report discusses different types of natural disasters including floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes, and landslides. For floods, it describes factors that contribute to flooding and provides tips for flood preparedness and safety after a flood. For droughts, it explains different types and impacts of droughts as well as causes. The report also defines cyclones and earthquakes, and discusses the causes and effects of landslides. Throughout, it aims to educate about various natural disasters and mitigation strategies.

1. SEMINAR REPORT
TITLED
DISASTER ASSESSMENT
SUBMITTED
BY:
SOHINI SHAH
ANERI SAVANI
RITUSHA SHAH
ARVA CHUNAVALA
Department of Computer Engineering

2. DISASTER ASSESSMENT
WHAT IS DISASTER?
A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that causes damage , ecological
disruption, loss of human life, deterioration of health and health services on
largescale.
TYPES OF DISASTER:

3. TYPES OF NATURAL DISASTER:
1.FLOOD
A flood is an overflow of water, a deluge of water that submerges land which is
normally dry.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO FLOODING:
• Rainfall intensity
• Rainfall duration
• Topography
• Soil conditions
• Ground cover
CAUSES OF FLOOD AND FLOOD DAMAGE:
 Heavy rain
 Spring snowmelt
 Dam and levee failure
 Low absorption or no soil percolation
 Business and residential growth in flood areas.
FLOOD PREPAREDNESS:
 Know flood risk in area
 Prepare flood evacuation plan
 Obtain flood insurance if living in floodplain
 Keep important documents in water-proof box
 Check portable radio for current information and emergency messages
AFTER FLOOD:
 Stay out of flooded areas
 Reserve telephone for emergencies
 Avoid driving, except in emergencies
 Wait for authorities to issue message that it is safe to return
 Be aware that snakes and other animals may be in your house
• Stay out of flooded
areas
• Reserve telephone for emergencies

4. 2.DROUGHT
 There are many definitions, but usually it is a period of time where there is
much less than average rainfall.
TYPES OF DROUGHT:
 We can define drought in three main ways:
 · Meteorological drought: related to rainfall amounts
 · Hydrological drought: determined by water levels in reservoirs
 · Agricultural drought: related to the availability of water for crops
IMPACTS OF DROUGHT:
 Humans are conditioned to live with the average rainfall conditions therefore
in times of drought we suffer.
 Evapotranspiration, run off and infiltration will help determine the impact of
the drought.
 A drought may occur within a few weeks without rain in a humid area but will
take longer to occur without rain in a arid area.
 We might define drought in Libya as occurring when annual rainfall is less
than 180 mm, but in Bali, drought might be considered to occur after a period
of only 6 days without rain
FACTORS AFFECTING DROUGHT:
 Wealth
 Population
 Temperature
 Rainfall
 Run-off rates
 Land use
CAUSES OF DROUGHT:
 The initial cause of drought is associated with a change in atmospheric
conditions brought about by:
 Persistent high pressure
 El Nino and a change in ocean temperatures
 Changing depression tracks

5. 3.CYCLONE
 Defined as a violent storm that is characterized by high winds which rotates at
a calm center of low atmospheric pressure.
 The center has velocity of 50km an hour.
HOW CYCLONE IS FORMED?
 A cyclone is a storm that involves the movement of warm, high-pressure air
and cooler, low-pressure air. This movement of air causes a rotation that picks
up speed and creates a funnel.
IMPACTS OF CYCLONES:
 The coastal areas are subjected to severe wind storms and cyclonic storms.
 A full-grown cyclone is a violent whirl in the atmosphere 150 to 1000 km
across, 10 to 15 km high.
 Gale winds of 150 to 250 kmph or more spiral around the center of very low
pressure area.
 Torrential rains, occasional thunder and lightning flashes - join these under an
overcast black canopy.
 A storm surge is the sudden abnormal rise in the sea level caused by cyclone.
 The sea water flows across the coast as well as inland and then recedes back to
the sea.
 Great loss of life and property takes place in the process.

6. 4.EARTHQUAKE:
 Earthquake are caused by abrupt release of strain that has build up in
earth’s crust.
CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE:
 primary cause of an earthquake is faults .
 Surface causes
 Volcanic causes
 Tectonic causes
EVIDENCE OF UPCOMING EARTHQUAKE ARE:
FOLLOWING:
 Unusual animal behaviour
 Large scale of fluctuation of oil flow from oil wells
 Temperature change
 Change in seismic wave velocity
EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE:
 Loss of life and property.
 DaDamage to infrastructure.
 Chances of fire short-circuit.
 Water pipes, sewers are disrupted

7. 5 .LANDSLIDES
 A landslide is a downward or outward movement of soil, rock or
vegetation, under the influence of gravity.
CAUSES OF LANDSLIDE:
A) Natural Factors:
 Gravity: Gravity works more effectively on steeper slopes.
 Geological factors: Geology setting that places permeable
sands and gravels above impermeable
layers of silt and clay or bedrock.
 Heavy and prolonged rainfall: slides occur often with intense
rain by creating zone of weakness, also water tables rise with heavy
rain makes some slopes unstable.
 Earthquakes: Ground vibrations created during Earthquakes.
EFFECTS OF LANDSLIDES:
A) Direct Effects:
 Physical Damage-Debris may block roads, supply lines
(telecommunication, electricity, water, etc.) and waterways.
 Causalities- deaths and injuries to people and animals.
B) Indirect Effects:
 Influence of landslides in dam safety- failure of the slopes
bordering the reservoir, Flooding caused by movements of
large masses of soil into the reservoir.
AFTER LANDSLIDES:
 Stay away from the landslide area as there may be danger of additional
slides. Do not drive through.
 Watch for flooding which may occur after a landslide.
 Check for injured or trapped persons near the slide, without entering
the slide area. Direct rescuers to their locations.

8. REFERENCES:
 www.engineering4theworld.org/LAP)
 http://www.slideshare.net/mahmoodjan71?utm_campaign=pr
ofiletracking&utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=sslideview
 www.slideshare.net/liano8?utm_campaign=profiletracking&
utm_medium=sssite&utm_source=ssslideview

9.  A landslide is a downward or outward movement of soil, rock
or vegetation, under the influence of gravity.
Economic activities like agricult
• Avoid driving, except in emergencies
• Wait for authorities to issue message that it is
safe to return
• Be aware that snakes and other animals may
be in your house
• Stay out of flooded areas
• Reserve telephone for emergencies
• Avoid driving, except in emergencies
• Wait for authorities to issue message that it is
safe to return
• Be aware that snakes and other animals may
be in your house