Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
Over the years, India has witnessed worst floods causing numerous loss of lives and to property.
Here are some causes and its geomorphic effects.
And some measures of flood control.
Primarily all floods are due to the surface runoff. Actually the floods are the results of a favourable combination of precipitation and the characteristics of the water shed.
Floods have the greatest damage potential when compared to the other natural disasters, over the environment. Floods are also considered to be both social and economic disasters. This module highlights the details of floods as natural hazards.
The term landslide or less frequently, landslip, refers to several forms of mass wasting that include a wide range of ground movements, such as rockfalls, deep-seated slope failure
A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land. Landslides are caused by rain, earthquakes, volcanoes, or other factors that make the slope unstable. s, mudflows and debris flows
Scientific Definition
Difference Between Flood and Flash Flood
Elements/Components of Flood
Causes and Effects of Flood
Types/Kinds of Flood
What to do before, during and after Flood
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI preludeAlan Dix
Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.
https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/
The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
7 Alternatives to Bullet Points in PowerPointAlvis Oh
So you tried all the ways to beautify your bullet points on your pitch deck but it just got way uglier. These points are supposed to be memorable and leave a lasting impression on your audience. With these tips, you'll no longer have to spend so much time thinking how you should present your pointers.
Between Filth and Fortune- Urban Cattle Foraging Realities by Devi S Nair, An...Mansi Shah
This study examines cattle rearing in urban and rural settings, focusing on milk production and consumption. By exploring a case in Ahmedabad, it highlights the challenges and processes in dairy farming across different environments, emphasising the need for sustainable practices and the essential role of milk in daily consumption.
Transforming Brand Perception and Boosting Profitabilityaaryangarg12
In today's digital era, the dynamics of brand perception, consumer behavior, and profitability have been profoundly reshaped by the synergy of branding, social media, and website design. This research paper investigates the transformative power of these elements in influencing how individuals perceive brands and products and how this transformation can be harnessed to drive sales and profitability for businesses.
Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
Methodologically, this research employs a comprehensive approach, combining qualitative and quantitative analyses. Real-world case studies illustrate the impact of branding, social media campaigns, and website redesigns on consumer perception, sales figures, and profitability. We assess the various metrics, including brand awareness, customer engagement, conversion rates, and revenue growth, to measure the effectiveness of these strategies.
The results underscore the pivotal role of cohesive branding, social media influence, and website usability in shaping positive brand perceptions, influencing consumer decisions, and ultimately bolstering sales and profitability. This paper provides actionable insights and strategic recommendations for businesses seeking to leverage branding, social media, and website design as potent tools to enhance their market position and financial success.
2. DISASTERS
Disaster is a natural or human, caused phenomenon, which causes serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or a society causing widespread human, material, economic and environmental losses which
elicited the ability of the affected community society to cope using its resources.
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3. TYPES OF DISASTERS
Three types of disasters are:
1.Natural - Hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, floods,
volcanoes, etc.
2.Technological - Chemical releases, power outages,
natural gas explosions, etc.
3.Man-made - Terror attacks, race riots, mass shootings, etc
4. FLOODING
A flood is an overflow of water that
submerges land that is usually dry.
Flooding may occur as an overflow of
water from water bodies, such as
a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water
overtops or breaks levees, resulting in
some of that water escaping its usual
boundaries.
it may also occur due to an accumulation
of rainwater on saturated ground in an
areal flood.
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5. TYPES OF FLOODS
A flash flood occurs when runoff from
excessive rainfall causes a rapid rise in the
water height (stage) of a stream or
normally-dry channel. Flash floods are
more common in areas with a dry climate
and rocky terrain because lack of soil or
vegetation allows torrential rains to flow
overland rather than infiltrate into the
ground.
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6. TYPES OF FLOODS
River flooding is generally more
common for larger rivers in areas with
a wetter climate, when excessive
runoff from longer-lasting rainstorms
and sometimes from melting snow
causes a slower water-level rise over a
larger area. Floods also can be caused
by ice jams on a river or high tides,
but most floods can be linked to a
storm of some kind.
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7. CAUSES OF FLOOD
PHYSICAL
• Climatological
• Nature of drainage
• Coastal influences
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HUMAN
• URBANISATION
• DEFORSTATION
8. PHYSICAL CAUSE
• Intense rainfall (rainfall intensity >infiltration
capacity) – common in semi-arid areas
• Prolonged period of rainfall produces
saturation of the soil and overland flow
(widespread flooding in UK during summer
2007 was the result of the wettest summer
since 1766)
• A sudden increase in temperature producing
rapid snowmelt, which can be made worse
by frozen ground limiting infiltration
• (1995 Rhine flood in Germany and nether
land)
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9. NATURE OF DRAINGAGE BASIN
• Infiltration rate depend on
rock and soil.
• Shape of the river basin,
gradient and vegetation covers
affect how quickly run off
reaches the channel
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10. COASTAL INFLUENCES
• High seasonal tides,
Tropical cyclones can
result in higher water
levels in rivers and
low lying coastal
areas
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11. HUMAN CAUSES OF FLOOD
• DEFORESTATION
• Cutting of Trees (Lose of trees)
• Increase run-off
• Global warming
11
12. • The creation of highly impermeable surfaces such
as roads, roof and pavements.
• Smooth surfaces served by a dense network of
drains, gutter and underground sewers,
effectively increasing drainage density.
• Straightening river channels and lining them with
concrete as part of building projects lead to faster
delivery of water downstream.
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HUMAN CAUSES OF FLOOD
• URBANISATION
13. BENEFITS OF FLOOD
Floodplains are dynamic natural systems. The natural
processes of periodic flooding, accompanied by
erosion and deposition, bring changes to the
topography, soils, vegetation, and physical features
(such as meanders, braided channels and oxbow
lakes) within these areas over time.
Floodplains provide a wide range of benefits to the
ecosystem and community that include:
-Flood storage and erosion control–offer a broad area
for streams and rivers to spread out and
accommodate temporary storage of flood water,
reducing flood peaks and erosion potential.
-Water quality maintenance – reducing sediment
loads, filtering nutrients and impurities, and
moderating water temperature
-Groundwater recharge 13
• Biological productivity – providing fertile soils with high rate
of plant growth and diversity, richer agricultural harvests,
and healthier forests.
• Habitat for a variety of fish and wildlife, including rare and
endangered species.
• Recreational opportunities – providing areas for active and
passive activities, supporting the economic base.
• Open space.
14. HISTORY OF FLOOD IN PAKISTAN
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The floods in Pakistan began in late July 2010, resulting
from heavy monsoon rains in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Sindh, Punjab and, Balochistan regions of Pakistan, which
affected the Indus River basin. ... The Pakistani economy
was harmed by extensive damage to infrastructure and
crops
16. INTRODUCTION
SWAT DISTRICT
Swat District is a district in Malakand Division of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province in Pakistan. Swat is
renowned for its outstanding natural beauty.
Swat's average elevation is 980 m (3,220 ft),resulting in a considerably cooler and wetter climate
compared to most of Pakistan. With lush forests, verdant alpine meadows, and snow-capped
mountains, Swat is one of the country's most popular tourist destinations.
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17. HEADING 02
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