The document discusses various blood products including whole blood, dried human plasma, and plasma substitutes. It provides details on:
- The collection and storage of whole blood, which must be used within 3 weeks.
- The preparation and advantages of dried plasma, which can be stored for 5 years and given to patients of any blood group. The process involves freeze-drying plasma from expired blood.
- Other blood products including dried serum, plasma fractions like fibrinogen and immunoglobulins, which are used for various therapeutic purposes.
- Plasma substitutes like dextran, which were developed due to limited plasma supplies and risks of disease transmission, to temporarily restore blood volume. Dextran 40 is commonly
Blood products:Collection, Processing and Storage of whole human blood, dried...Steffi Thomas
blood and its components, conditions for being a donor, anti-coagulants, whole human blood, changes in composition during storage, red blood cells, concentrated platelets, plasma, dried human plasma, fresh frozen plasma, dried human serum, plasma substitutes, ideal properties of plasma substitute, dextran, gum saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone
Blood products:Collection, Processing and Storage of whole human blood, dried...Steffi Thomas
blood and its components, conditions for being a donor, anti-coagulants, whole human blood, changes in composition during storage, red blood cells, concentrated platelets, plasma, dried human plasma, fresh frozen plasma, dried human serum, plasma substitutes, ideal properties of plasma substitute, dextran, gum saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone
Biopharmaceutics: Mechanisms of Drug AbsorptionSURYAKANTVERMA2
Biopharmaceutics is defined as the study of factors influencing the rate and amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation and the use of this information to optimise the therapeutic efficacy of the drug products.
bonded manufacture“ means the premises or any part of the premises approved and licensed for the manufacture and storage of medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol, opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs or narcotics on which duty has not been paid.
Topic cover int his presentation:
1-Structure of Bonded laboratory.
2- Manufacturing procedure.
3- Storage of finished product
4- Sampling of finished goods and medicine
5- Important facts.
COMPLAINTS
TOPIC COVERED
1.Definition
2.Principle
3.Need for complaint handling system
4.Objectives
5.Responsibility
6.Type of complaints (CRITICAL,MAJOR ,MINOR)
7.Key for handling complaint
8.Content of product complaint data sheet
9.Steps involved in handling of complaint
10.Recordings of complain
KINETICS OF MULTIPLE DOSING under the Unit Multicompartment Models According to New PCI syllabus 2017 by Ms. Preeti Patil-Vibhute, Assistant Professor, Sarojini College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS
Drug movement within the body is a complex process. The major objective is therefore to develop a generalized and simple approach to describe, analyse and interpret the data obtained during in vivo drug disposition studies.
The two major approaches in the quantitative study of various kinetic processes of drug disposition in the body are
Model approach, and
Model-independent approach (also called as non-compartmental analysis).
THIS IS ABOUT SCHEDULES AND RULES IMPLEMENTED FOR MANUFACTURING, IMPORT, EXPORT, PRESCRIPTION, STORAGE OF ALLOPATHY, AYURVEDIC AND UNANI DRUGS.THERE IS DIFFERENT SCHEDULE FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF DRUGS LIKE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, NARCOTIC DRUGS ETC.
blood and blood component have an important role in transfusion medicine. when blood contain all its part and no separation is done thats known as whole blood but when you centrifuge and separate it that is know as component. transfusion of whole blood is now adays absolute from transfusion service and blood components are transfuses now a days which is a good practice and beneficial for the patient
Biopharmaceutics: Mechanisms of Drug AbsorptionSURYAKANTVERMA2
Biopharmaceutics is defined as the study of factors influencing the rate and amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation and the use of this information to optimise the therapeutic efficacy of the drug products.
bonded manufacture“ means the premises or any part of the premises approved and licensed for the manufacture and storage of medicinal and toilet preparations containing alcohol, opium, Indian hemp and other narcotic drugs or narcotics on which duty has not been paid.
Topic cover int his presentation:
1-Structure of Bonded laboratory.
2- Manufacturing procedure.
3- Storage of finished product
4- Sampling of finished goods and medicine
5- Important facts.
COMPLAINTS
TOPIC COVERED
1.Definition
2.Principle
3.Need for complaint handling system
4.Objectives
5.Responsibility
6.Type of complaints (CRITICAL,MAJOR ,MINOR)
7.Key for handling complaint
8.Content of product complaint data sheet
9.Steps involved in handling of complaint
10.Recordings of complain
KINETICS OF MULTIPLE DOSING under the Unit Multicompartment Models According to New PCI syllabus 2017 by Ms. Preeti Patil-Vibhute, Assistant Professor, Sarojini College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS
Drug movement within the body is a complex process. The major objective is therefore to develop a generalized and simple approach to describe, analyse and interpret the data obtained during in vivo drug disposition studies.
The two major approaches in the quantitative study of various kinetic processes of drug disposition in the body are
Model approach, and
Model-independent approach (also called as non-compartmental analysis).
THIS IS ABOUT SCHEDULES AND RULES IMPLEMENTED FOR MANUFACTURING, IMPORT, EXPORT, PRESCRIPTION, STORAGE OF ALLOPATHY, AYURVEDIC AND UNANI DRUGS.THERE IS DIFFERENT SCHEDULE FOR DIFFERENT KIND OF DRUGS LIKE BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS, NARCOTIC DRUGS ETC.
blood and blood component have an important role in transfusion medicine. when blood contain all its part and no separation is done thats known as whole blood but when you centrifuge and separate it that is know as component. transfusion of whole blood is now adays absolute from transfusion service and blood components are transfuses now a days which is a good practice and beneficial for the patient
This presentation describes the blood components. It also describes the problems in storing those component and what methods are used to overcome them.
It contains indications of blood and blood products and perioperative blood therapy that we usually follow in Aiims Patna ..its is most recent one made in April 2020
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. The whole human blood-
Accepted donor – the one who is not suffering from any disease
transmitted by transfusion this includes syphilis, malaria and
serum jaundice and is not anemic.
Collection- the blood is collected from median cubital vein in
front of elbow into a sterile container containing an anti-
coagulant solution.
Not more than 420ml is taken at one attendance immediately
afterwards the container is sealed and cooled to 4-6 degree
centigrade.
Testing- two tests are done ,a)serological test to confirm the
absence of , b)to determine the ABO grouping of the cells,
plasma and Rh grouping of cells.
Storage- blood must be kept at 4-6 degree centigrade in a sterile
environment
Uses- in cases of severe loss of blood from the body, during
hemorrhage, shock, uncontrollable diarrhea and vomiting.
3. Dried human plasma
Whole human blood has several disadvantages:-
It has poor keeping properties necessitating use within three weeks
It requires refrigerated storage
It must be compatible with the blood of the recipient
Dried plasma, on the other hand ,has various
advantages:-
Properly stored it keeps for at least five years
If protected from light it can be stored for aleast five years
temperature provided this is below 20degrees
It can be given to patients of any blood group
Major problems to be overcome for preparation-
Transmission of viral jaundice-by pooling
Neutralisation of plasma agglutinins- by cross
neutralisation by soluble agglutinogens, most
satisfactory ratio is 9 of A:9 of O:2of B or AB
4. Preparation process for dried human plasma:-
Dried plasma is prepared from time expired citrated blood which has been centrifuged to
deposit the cell, more than 40% of supernatant fluid is siphoned off through sterile tubes
Then pooling is done and correct ratio of blood groups is chosen to neutralize powerful
agglutinins, then samples are tested for sterility.
Then 400ml quantities are dispensed in MRC bottles and are subjected to freeze drying
Preliminary freezing-
The bottles are sealed with bacteriologically efficient fabric pads covered by ring type closures and then
centrifuged at -18degree centigrade . The liquid snap-freezes and becomes distributed around the inside of the
bottle
Primary drying –
The bottles of frozen material are mounted horizontal in the drying chamber and high vacuum is horizontally
in the drying chamber and a high vacuum is applied. The ice sublimes on to a condensing coil kept at -50
degrees centigrade and a small heater provides the latent heat required for evaporation this stage takes about
two days, after which the residual moisture content is about 2 percent
Secondary drying-
This is done in another chamber by vacuum dessication over phosphorus pentoxide. It takes about a day and
the product is left with 0.5 percent moisture.
Storage -
It is kept below 20 degrees centigrade and protected from moisture, sunlight and remains usable for at least
5years
Usage-
it is satisfactory alternative to whole blood in conditions where there is no loss of red cells, for
e.g. burns and scalps, where there is excessive fluid and protein loss.
In case of emergency when whole human blood is unavailable
5. other blood products-
Dried human serum-
Preparation- blood is allowed to clot and
the supernatant serum being separated
after the clot has retracted
Storage and usage- it is kept below
20degree centigrade and protected from
light, moisture and oxygen
Usage- treatment of burns and scalps
where there is extensive fluid and protein
loss also used in cases of emergency when
whole human blood is unavailable
Human plasma protein
fraction-
Preparation- by fractionation of pooled
citrated plasma(not more than 0.4%), an
organic solvent is used having proper
volatility and bacteriostatic activity, a
stabiliser such as sodium caprylate whose
function is to allow the preparation to be
heated for hours at low temperature
without denaturation of protein
For isotonicity NaCl is added, and to
control the contamination bactericide is
added
Human fibrinogen-
Uses – 1)to treat fibrinogen deficiency
2)in conjunction with thrombin to assist
adhesion of skin grafts
Human thrombin-
Use-in conjunction with fibrinogen fibrin clot is
produced which is used in surgery to suture
severed nerves and to assist adhesion of skin
grafts.
6. Human fibrin foam-
Uses-as haemostat in surgery by dipping the piece into thrombin and applied to bleeding
area
Normal human immunoglobulin injection-
Uses- Intravenous immunoglobulin is used in the treatment of imuno-thrombocytopenia, and
autoimmune hemolytic anemia, in prevention of measles, infectious hepatitis and small pox.
RhD immunoglobulin is used to prevent exposure to D-positive red cells in D negative patients.
(usually given in pregnancy and immediately after birth).
7. Plasma substitutes:-
The limited supplies of plasma, the cost of producing the dried form and the risk of transmitting serum
hepatitis stimulated attempts to find substitutes of non-human origin that could be used to restore the
blood volume temporarily while the recipient replaced the lost protein.
Examples-gum saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone , dextran.
Properties of ideal plasma
substitutes-
Dextran:-
Same colloidal osmotic pressure
Same viscosity
A fairly low rate of excretion but complete
elimination
Freedom from toxicity
Freedom from antigenicity , pyrogenicity .
High stability in liquid form at the normal
sterilising temperatures and during transport
and storage
Ease of preparation, ready availability and low
cost
Molecular weight such that molecule do not
easily diffuse through capillary walls
To date this is the most
satisfactory plasma substitute.
It is polysaccharide produced
when the bacterium
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
is grown in a sucrose containing
medium
Dextran 40 injection:-
A number of conditions , including
severe burns, crash injuries and
acute peritonitis, are accompanied
by severe degree of sludging in the
blood. This can be reduced by
administration of dextran 40
injection which ,because it contains
polymers of low molecular weight,
lowers plasma viscosity and
improves capillary flow
Use
short-term blood volume
expansion
8. Slide presentation by
Diksha Kumari
Roll no -22
B.Pharm 5th semester
Reference:-
1) Tutorial pharmacy by S.J Carter
2) wikipedia
3) Google