Modern blood transfusion practices separate whole blood donations into components through centrifugation and extraction. One unit of blood can be separated into red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and other components to be used more efficiently according to patient needs. The development of new equipment like blood bags, centrifuges, and cell separators has made component preparation easier. Separated components have specific indications, storage temperatures, and shelf lives tailored to their therapeutic uses in transfusions.

1. Presenter: Manish Gupta

2.  Modern blood transfusion procedure
practices the optimal use of every blood
donation by the way of blood component
therapy.
 The development of plastic blood collection
bags with integral tubing, high speed
refrigerated centrifuge, deep freezers and cell
separator machines have made blood
component preparation easier and practical.

3. 1. Economy of blood, as one unit of blood can
be separated in to different components and
used in the different patient according to
their need.
2.Minimizes the hazards of whole blood
trasfusion.

4.  Is the donor blood mixed with anticoagulant
and preservative solution.
 Whole blood has haematocrit of 35-45% and
hemoglobin of approximately12 gm/dl.
 Now considered as raw material rather than
trasfusion medium.

5.  Massive hemorrhage.
 Exchange transfusion.
 Non availability of red cell concentrate.

6.  Chronic anemia
 Incipient cardiac failure.

7.  Whole blood is stored at 2-6 ℃ temperature
and shelf life is 42 days.
 Whole blood should be ABO and Rh
compatible.
 One unit of whole blood increases the
hemoglobin by 0.75 gm/dl

8.  Are the constituents of blood, separated from
whole blood. It includes.
1.Oxygen carrying component:
a. Red cell concentrate
b. Leucoreduced RBC
c. Frozen thawed RBC
2.Platelet Products:
a. Platelet rich plasma
b. Platelet concentrate

9. 3. Plasma components:
a. Fresh frozen plasma
b. Cryoprecipitate
c. Cryopoor plasma
d. Single donor plasma
4. Granulocyte concentrate:

10.  EQUIPMENTS:
-Refrigerated centrifuge
-Deep freezer
-Refrigerator
-Automated extractor
-Hand sealer
-Dielectric sealer
-Double pan balance
-Platelet incubator shaker
-Thawing bath
-Cryo bath
-Laminar flow cabinet

18.  Consumables
-Blood collection bags
-Transfer bag
-Bag to bag connector
-Plastic cover for blood bags.

19. Various component of blood can be separated
from one another because of their different
specific gravities. The out come of
centrifugation depend upon two main factors
-Relative centrifugal force
-Duration of centrifugation

20. 1.Blood is collected in quadruple blood
collection bag.
2. After blood collection, blood bag is kept at
room temperature and within 6 hours it is
shifted to component room for separation
of different components of blood.

21. 3. Then place the balanced blood bags in
diagonally opposite bucket of refrigerated
centrifuge.
4.Centrifuge the whole blood using a heavy
spin i.e 3150 rpm with a temperature setting
of 22℃ for 11 minutes. After centrifugation
gently take out the bag from centrifuge.

22. 5. Then hang the primary bag in upright
position on a automated extractor and put
the SAGM containing and satellite bag lower
side.
6. Press the button start after breaking the
primary bag’s seal.

23. 7. Plasma extracts out from the top in to empty
bag and labelled as fresh frozen plasma.
8. Remaining 40-70 ml of plasma and middle
Buffy coat and 10-20 ml PRBC is extracted in
to another empty bag.

24. 9. Then automated extractor transfers the
SAGM in to primary bag containing PRBC after
breaking the seal and this PRBC is labelled as
Leucoreduced PRBC.
10. Hang the Buffy coat containing bag and
attached empty bag at room temperature for
one hour with the metal plate.

25. 11. After an hour bag is put on refrigerated
centrifuge and centrifuged using a light spin
i.e 890 rpm with temperature setting of 22℃
for 6 min.
12.Then Bag is keep out from centrifuge and
place in upright position on automated
extractor and empty satellite bag at upper
side.

26. 13. Press the button start. Plasma containing
the layer of platelet at the top is transferred
in to the satellite bag.
14. At last Discard the bag containing
leucocyte and 10-20 ml RBC.

27.  Is the whole blood without plasma.
 Have haematocrit of 55-75% and hemoglobin
approx 20gm/dl.
 INDICATION OF PRBC TRANSFUSION:
-Severe anemia
-hemolytic anemia
-Various hypoplastic anemia

28.  PRBC have shelf life of 42 days and stored at
temprature of 2-8℃.
 PRBC should be ABO and Rh compatible.
LEUCOREDUCED PRBC:
It implies the removal of at least 70% of
leucocytes with loss of less than 20% RBC.

29.  Prevents or reduces the incidence and
severity of adverse trasfusion effect like-
-Febrile nonhemolytic trasfusion reaction.
-Sensitization to the blood product.
-Transmission of certain transfusion
associated disease like CMV infection.

30.  Is Plasma separated from whole blood which is frozen
within 6 hour of collection and stored at -20℃
temprature or below.
INDICATION OF FFP TRASFUSION:
-Multiple coagulation factor deficiency
secondary to liver disease, DIC and dilutional
coagulopathy.
-Reversal of coumarin drug effect.
-Antithrombin deficiency.
-Immunodeficiency syndrome.
-In open heart surgery.
-Burn patient.

31.  One unit of FFP contains about 150-200 ml
of plasma.
 Dosage is about 15 ml/kg body weight.
 FFP after thawing should be transfused as
soon possible.
 No compatibility testing is required however
ABO compatible FFP should be used.

32.  It is the cold insoluble portion of the plasma
that precipitate when FFP is thawed between
1-6℃. It contains:
-Factor VIII – 80-100 units
-Fibrinogen – 150-250 mg
-Von willebrand factor
>cryoprecipitate is stored at -20℃ and have
shelf life of one year.

33.  Hemophilia A
 Von willebrands disease
 Congenital or acquired fibrinogen deficiency.

34. INDICATIONS OF PLATELET TRANSFUSION:
1.Disseminated intravascular coagulation
2.Functional platelet abnormalities
3.Viral ds associated with thrombocytopenia
e.g. DENGUE
4. Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
-leukemia
-hypoplastic anemia
5.Dilutional thrombocytopenia

35.  Platelet is stored at temprature of 22-30℃ in
platelet incubator shaker and have shelf life
of 5 days.
 One unit of platelet concentrate usually
increases the platelet count by 5000-10000
in 70 kg weight adult.
 Compatibility testing is not required in
platelet trasfusion.

36.  Usually obtained by aphaeresis.
INDICATIONS:
-Bone marrow showing myeloid hypoplasia.
-Neutropenia<500
-Neonatal septicemia unresponsive to
appropriate antibiotic therapy.

37. COMPONENT STORAG TEMP. SHELF LIFE
.Leucoreduced 2-8℃ 42 days
RBC
.FFP -20℃ 1 year
.Platelet 22-30℃ 5 days
.cryoprecipitate -20℃ 1 year

38.  Apheresis is derived from a greek word which
means separation. It is the removal of whole
blood from donor/patient, separation in to
components ,retaining the desired/unwanted
component and return of remaining
constituents to the donor/patient.

39. 1.To collect the components for trasfusion
purpose. It can be-
-Plateletpheresis
-Leucopheresis
-Plasmapheresis
2. To remove pathological components i.e
therapeutic pheresis

40.  Unnecessary transfusion should be avoided
as it carries the risk of adverse transfusion
reaction and trasfusion transmitted infection.
 Still the whole blood transfusion is practiced
in most of the institutes which should be
avoided as it overloads the patient and
transfuse the component which is not
required.

41. THANK YOU