Digestive system ch8
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Hematochezia refers to the passing of bright red blood in stool and usually indicates bleeding in the large intestine or colon. The most common causes are diverticulitis and hemorrhoids. It can also be a symptom of colon cancer, intestinal infection, or inflammatory bowel disease. A colonoscopy allows examination of the inner lining of the rectum and colon using a thin, flexible tube inserted through the anus. This test helps detect ulcers, polyps, tumors, or areas of bleeding and is also used to screen for colon or rectal cancer. Small growths can be removed during the colonoscopy procedure.
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This document summarizes several pathology slides including fatty degenerative liver, cirrhosis liver, primary carcinoma of the liver, ulcerative colitis of the rectum, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, acute and chronic peptic ulcers, mixed tumor of the salivary gland, acute suppurative appendicitis, gastric carcinoma, and colon adenocarcinoma. For each slide, it describes the histological features such as presence of malignant cells, inflammatory cells, fibrosis, hemorrhage, and other abnormalities. The document aims to provide a histological overview of various diseases and tissues examined under the microscope on pathology slides.
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The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac located in the liver that receives, concentrates, and stores bile from the liver. It has a volume of 35-50 ml and thickness of 1-2 mm. During embryonic development, it forms from the ventral bud of the foregut around week 4 and gives rise to the cystic diverticulum which forms the gallbladder and cystic duct. Congenital anomalies include agenesis, hypoplasia, microgallbladder, cysts, diverticula, and heterotopic or abnormal positions of the gallbladder.
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The document discusses various topics related to biliary anatomy and gallbladder disease:
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This document discusses various congenital anomalies of the biliary system. It describes abnormalities that can occur in the gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, arteries, and other structures. Some key points include:
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The document discusses various topics related to biliary anatomy and gallbladder disease:
1) It describes common gallbladder conditions like cholecystitis, gallstones, porcelain gallbladder, and Mirizzi syndrome.
2) Imaging findings for evaluating these conditions are provided, including ultrasound, CT, and ERCP findings.
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This document discusses various congenital anomalies of the biliary system. It describes abnormalities that can occur in the gallbladder, hepatic ducts, cystic duct, arteries, and other structures. Some key points include:
- The gallbladder may be absent, duplicated, located on the left side, or intrahepatic.
- Accessory hepatic ducts occur in around 15% of cases.
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- The gallbladder's location between parts of the liver and its pear shape.
- The cystic artery commonly arising from the right hepatic artery supplies the gallbladder.
- Bile produced in the liver contains bilirubin, cholesterol, bile salts, lecithin and is stored in the gallbladder.
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- The cystic duct normally measures 2-4 cm in length and connects the gallbladder to the extrahepatic bile duct. It contains spiral valves and exhibits variations in insertion point and course.
- Disease processes like gallstones, Mirizzi syndrome, and fistulas can cause cystic duct obstruction or compression. Imaging like MRCP and ERCP can identify stones or other abnormalities.
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i think it wil be useful to some residents out there who dont find time in busy work schedules....all the best
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This document discusses cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder. It describes the main types as acute or chronic, and calculous (caused by gallstones) or acalculous (not caused by stones). Acute calculous cholecystitis is usually caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct. It presents with right upper quadrant pain and is the most common reason for emergency gallbladder removal. Chronic cholecystitis can develop after repeated acute attacks or independently, and presents with recurrent biliary pain.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy, embryology, histology, imaging, and physiology of the gallbladder and biliary tree. It describes the components of the extrahepatic biliary system including the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. It discusses the formation of the gallbladder during embryological development and provides details on the structure and blood supply of the gallbladder and biliary tree. It also summarizes the function of bile in digestion and the neurohormonal regulation of bile secretion and gallbladder contraction.
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Histopathology slide of
1) Typhoid ulcer is caused by Salmonella typhi infection through contaminated food/water. Microscopically there is hyperaemia, edema, and cellular proliferation including histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells in the ileum.
2) Tuberculous lymphadenitis is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microscopically there are caseating granulomas with epithelioid cells, lymphocytes, and Langhans' giant cells.
3) Amoebic colitis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica affecting the large intestine, seen microscopically as ulceration with chronic inflammation and trophozoites
Gb anomaly
The gallbladder is normally located in the liver and has four parts: the fundus, body, infundibulum, and neck. The cystic duct connects the gallbladder to the common hepatic duct. Variations can include agenesis, duplication, wandering position, abnormal shapes like Phrygian caps, or ectopic locations in or outside the liver. The cystic artery typically originates from the right hepatic artery but can also arise from other sources.
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The biliary apparatus includes passages that store and convey bile from the liver to the duodenum. It has two parts: the intrahepatic and extrahepatic parts. The intrahepatic part includes the duct system within the liver while the extrahepatic part includes the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, bile duct, and gallbladder. The common hepatic duct joins the cystic duct near the first part of the duodenum to form the bile duct, which opens at the major duodenal papilla. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before releasing it through the cystic duct into the common hepatic duct on contraction.
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This document summarizes the gross anatomy and histology of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus. It describes the components and functions of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus, which includes the right and left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, and common bile duct. Key anatomical structures like Calot's triangle and their clinical significance in conditions like cholelithiasis and surgical procedures like cholecystectomy are discussed. The microanatomy and blood supply of the gallbladder are also outlined.
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This document provides information about gallbladder anatomy, blood supply, drainage, and diseases. It describes:
- The gallbladder's location between parts of the liver and its pear shape.
- The cystic artery commonly arising from the right hepatic artery supplies the gallbladder.
- Bile produced in the liver contains bilirubin, cholesterol, bile salts, lecithin and is stored in the gallbladder.
- Cholelithiasis or gallstones can be cholesterol based, pigment based, or mixed and cause symptoms like biliary colic or acute cholecystitis.
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Starting with the basic over all anatomy of formation of biliary tree,almost every congenital anamoly of the system is dealt not going in depth & management of the anamolies arent mentioned!hope it ll b useful
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The document summarizes the anatomy of the biliary tree. It describes how bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gallbladder before being released into the duodenum during digestion. It outlines the structures that make up the biliary tree, including the hepatic ducts, cystic duct, common bile duct, and sphincter of Oddi. It also discusses important anatomical landmarks surgeons must be aware of when performing cholecystectomies, such as Calot's triangle, the cystic lymph node of Lund, Hartmann's pouch, and Rouviere's sulcus.
Imaging of cystic duct
This document discusses the normal anatomy and variations of the cystic duct, as well as disease processes that can involve the cystic duct. Key points:
- The cystic duct normally measures 2-4 cm in length and connects the gallbladder to the extrahepatic bile duct. It contains spiral valves and exhibits variations in insertion point and course.
- Disease processes like gallstones, Mirizzi syndrome, and fistulas can cause cystic duct obstruction or compression. Imaging like MRCP and ERCP can identify stones or other abnormalities.
- Variations in cystic duct anatomy can cause surgical challenges or be mistaken for other entities on imaging. Optimal imaging techniques and patient positioning are important for accurate diagnosis.
Acute cholecystitis
This document discusses acute cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder. It can be divided into acute calculous cholecystitis, caused by cystic duct obstruction from a stone, or acalculous cholecystitis, which is infected but not caused by a stone. The document describes diagnostic criteria for acute cholecystitis including right upper quadrant pain, leukocytosis, fever, and ultrasound findings such as thickened gallbladder walls. Treatment options are also laid out including antibiotics for mild cases and cholecystectomy for severe cases.
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This document provides an overview of the hepatobiliary system and various liver diseases. It discusses chronic venous congestion of the liver, fatty change, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, cholelithiasis, chronic cholecystitis, and tumors of the liver. For each topic, it describes the gross and microscopic pathology findings. The goal is to educate about the introduction, causes, presentations and histopathological features of common hepatobiliary conditions.
Biliary tract imaging final...........
i made this ppt for presentation in class............i have added some already prepared ppts...
i think it wil be useful to some residents out there who dont find time in busy work schedules....all the best
L cholecystitis students
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by gallstones obstructing the cystic duct. There are two main types: acute and chronic. Acute calculous cholecystitis occurs when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct, causing pain, fever, and tenderness over the gallbladder. Chronic cholecystitis may develop after repeated acute attacks or in the presence of gallstones without attacks, seen as thickening of the gallbladder wall and fibrosis. Both types can lead to complications like abscess, perforation, or ascending cholangitis if not treated.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy, physiology, and investigations of the biliary system. It describes in detail the anatomy of structures including the gallbladder, cystic duct, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct, and sphincter of Oddi. Key aspects of biliary system physiology such as enterohepatic circulation and defects that can occur are summarized. Common investigations for evaluating the biliary system including blood tests, imaging modalities like ultrasound, CT, MRI, and functional studies like HIDA scan are covered in brief.
Medicaltermch.9 3
The document defines and describes several medical terms and tests:
BUN and creatinine tests measure kidney function by detecting levels of waste products in the blood. A urinary catheter is a flexible tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine, and is often used when someone can't empty their bladder normally or has an obstruction. Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder where blood vessels in the kidneys are damaged, allowing protein to leak from the blood into the urine and cause edema.
L31 cholecystitis students
This document discusses cholecystitis, or inflammation of the gallbladder. It describes the main types as acute or chronic, and calculous (caused by gallstones) or acalculous (not caused by stones). Acute calculous cholecystitis is usually caused by a gallstone blocking the cystic duct. It presents with right upper quadrant pain and is the most common reason for emergency gallbladder removal. Chronic cholecystitis can develop after repeated acute attacks or independently, and presents with recurrent biliary pain.
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This document provides an overview of the anatomy, embryology, histology, imaging, and physiology of the gallbladder and biliary tree. It describes the components of the extrahepatic biliary system including the gallbladder, cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and common bile duct. It discusses the formation of the gallbladder during embryological development and provides details on the structure and blood supply of the gallbladder and biliary tree. It also summarizes the function of bile in digestion and the neurohormonal regulation of bile secretion and gallbladder contraction.
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This document provides an overview of cholecystitis, including what it is, its causes, types (acute and chronic), signs and symptoms, and treatment approaches from medical, surgical, and nursing perspectives. It defines cholecystitis as inflammation of the gallbladder, which holds digestive fluid released into the small intestine. Acute cholecystitis occurs when gallstones block the cystic duct, trapping bile and causing swelling and potential infection. Chronic cholecystitis develops over time from repeated acute attacks or gallstones. The document outlines signs, conservative treatment, surgical interventions like cholecystectomy, and the nursing role in management and addressing patient needs. It also notes elderly are more susceptible to cholecystitis due
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The document describes the structure and functions of the liver and pancreas, including their roles in metabolism, bile production, and digestion. It discusses disorders that can affect these organs like viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, gallstones, pancreatitis, and cancer. The liver and pancreas have important metabolic and digestive functions that when disrupted can cause serious health issues.
Biliary apparatus
gallbladder and the structure associated, hepatic duct, cystic duct, bile dduct, common bile duct, ampula of vater, sphincter of oddi, parts of gall bladder, relation of gall bladder, relation of Common bile duct, complication of bile stone, parts of CBD, blood supply of gall bladder, innervation of gall bladder, blood supply of common bile duct,lymphatic drainage of bile duct and gall bladder
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Gross anatomy and histology of extrahepatic biliary apparatus
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Congenital anamolies and applied anatomy of biliary tree
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A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus to view the colon and remove polyps. It allows for early detection of colon cancer and other abnormalities. A fecal occult blood test checks stool for hidden blood and is used along with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Other tests like a barium enema x-ray the colon to identify inflammation, structural abnormalities, or issues that could cause blood in stool.
Chapter 8 Ppt (Mhf)
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus to view the colon and remove polyps. It allows for early detection of colon cancer and other abnormalities. A fecal occult blood test checks stool for hidden blood and is used along with colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening. Other tests like a barium enema x-ray the colon to identify inflammation, structural abnormalities, or issues that could cause blood in stool. Surgeries like a colostomy or colectomy may be needed to treat serious colon conditions.
Chapter 8 - Digestive System
A colonoscopy is a procedure where a flexible scope is inserted through the anus to view the colon and remove polyps. It allows for early detection of colon cancer and other abnormalities. A fecal occult blood test checks stool for hidden blood as a screening for colon cancer and other colon conditions. Other tests like a barium enema or lower gastrointestinal series use barium and x-rays to examine the colon and identify issues like inflammation, structural abnormalities, or weight loss.
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Digestive system ch8
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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- 1. Digestive System Chapter 8 Rosa Razo October 7, 2012
- 2. What is Hematochezia? • Hematochezia is the passing bright red blood in the stools • Usually indicates the large intestine is bleeding somewhere • The most common causes are diverticulitis (inflamed pouches of the colon) and hemorrhoids (swollen veins in and around the rectum).
- 3. What is Hematochezia? (cont’d) Hematochezia Can Be a Symptom of: • Colon cancer • Infection of the intestines • Inflammatory bowel disease
- 4. Image of a Ruptured Intestine
- 5. What Is a Colonoscopy? • A test that allows an exam at the inner lining of the rectum and colon • Helps find ulcers, colon polyps, tumors and areas of bleeding (or inflammation) • Are also used to screen or test for cancer of precancerouse growths in the colon or rectum • Instrument used for colonoscopy is a colonscope, which has a small camera to takes picture or video of the colon, • A flexible fiberscope is passed through the anus, rectum and colon, used to examine the upper portion of the colon • Polyps and small growths can be removed during this procedure
- 6. Colonoscopy – cont’d Diagram illustrates the instument colonoscope) used for the colonoscopy screening