Diesel and electric locomotives each have advantages and disadvantages. Diesel locomotives can operate in areas without electrified tracks but are less fuel efficient and more polluting than electric locomotives. Electric locomotives produce no emissions where they operate but require infrastructure like overhead wires which can be expensive to build and maintain. Factors like infrastructure access, operating environment, and cost determine the best option. New technologies may help address challenges, like batteries extending electric locomotive range without wires or LNG improving diesel locomotive efficiency and emissions. Overall the railway industry is shifting toward electrification due to environmental and efficiency benefits of electric locomotives.
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahiMuhammad Sahi
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles are types of vehicles that do not use gasoline. Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity to power the vehicle, while electric vehicles use electricity stored in batteries. Both vehicle types have benefits like lower emissions but also challenges like lack of refueling infrastructure. Researchers are working to improve battery technologies and lower costs to increase the viability of electric vehicles for widespread adoption in the future.
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in future by rai asad sahiMuhammad Sahi
This document compares fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles. It discusses the history and workings of fuel cell vehicles, which generate electricity from hydrogen to power electric motors. It also covers the benefits of fuel cell vehicles like no tailpipe emissions and high efficiency. Challenges include high costs and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. Electric vehicles are also summarized, including their power from batteries and advantages like less maintenance, but shorter ranges between charges. The future of both technologies depends on improved batteries and fuel cells.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE NEW SIMPLER PRESENTSTION.pptxDeepthipriyaSK
The document discusses electric vehicles (EVs). It provides background on why EVs are important due to issues like pollution from gasoline vehicles and availability of fossil fuels. It then describes the typical components of an EV like batteries, electric motors, and power converters. It explains different types of EVs such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs run solely on battery power while HEVs and PHEVs combine electric power with a gas engine.
The document discusses hybrid electric trucks (HETs). It provides details on the key components of HETs including lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, generators, and power converters. It describes the two main types of powertrain systems for HETs - series and parallel. The series system has no direct mechanical connection between the engine and transmission, allowing the engine to run at peak efficiency. The parallel system allows both the electric motor and engine to power the vehicle directly or together. Charging can occur through standard outlets, charging stations, regenerative braking, and with a range extender during low battery voltage. Driving an HET differs in not requiring a clutch compared to mechanical vehicles.
Enegriegebruik en CO2 uitstoot elektrische auto's ; een vergelijkingZERAuto nl
Vergelijking van enegriegebruik en CO2-emissie elektrische auto's vs benzine en diesel, opgesteld door de European Association for Battery Electric Vehicles. NIet op voorhand neutraal, wel veel goede cijfers, rekenmodellen en achtergronden m.b.t. energiebehoefte en emissies.
This document discusses electric vehicles and their advantages over petroleum vehicles. It describes the different types of electric vehicles including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. It also outlines the history of electric vehicles and compares factors like costs, maintenance requirements, and emissions of electric versus petroleum-powered cars. The document provides details on common hybrid vehicle powertrain systems and concludes that electric vehicles can provide cleaner, greener transportation when powered by renewable energy sources.
An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft. For road vehicles, together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, EVs form a future mobility vision called Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) Mobility.
This document summarizes key aspects of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It discusses how hydrogen can be produced from renewable sources like solar and wind. It describes how hydrogen fuel cells work to produce electricity from hydrogen to power electric motors. Some benefits of these vehicles are quick refueling times and long ranges. Challenges include limited refueling infrastructure and energy losses during hydrogen production. The document concludes that hydrogen fuel cell technology has potential as a sustainable transportation fuel if renewable energy is used to produce the hydrogen.
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in futureby rai asad sahiMuhammad Sahi
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles are types of vehicles that do not use gasoline. Fuel cell vehicles use hydrogen and oxygen to create electricity to power the vehicle, while electric vehicles use electricity stored in batteries. Both vehicle types have benefits like lower emissions but also challenges like lack of refueling infrastructure. Researchers are working to improve battery technologies and lower costs to increase the viability of electric vehicles for widespread adoption in the future.
Fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles in future by rai asad sahiMuhammad Sahi
This document compares fuel cell vehicles and electric vehicles. It discusses the history and workings of fuel cell vehicles, which generate electricity from hydrogen to power electric motors. It also covers the benefits of fuel cell vehicles like no tailpipe emissions and high efficiency. Challenges include high costs and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. Electric vehicles are also summarized, including their power from batteries and advantages like less maintenance, but shorter ranges between charges. The future of both technologies depends on improved batteries and fuel cells.
ELECTRIC VEHICLE NEW SIMPLER PRESENTSTION.pptxDeepthipriyaSK
The document discusses electric vehicles (EVs). It provides background on why EVs are important due to issues like pollution from gasoline vehicles and availability of fossil fuels. It then describes the typical components of an EV like batteries, electric motors, and power converters. It explains different types of EVs such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). BEVs run solely on battery power while HEVs and PHEVs combine electric power with a gas engine.
The document discusses hybrid electric trucks (HETs). It provides details on the key components of HETs including lithium-ion batteries, electric motors, generators, and power converters. It describes the two main types of powertrain systems for HETs - series and parallel. The series system has no direct mechanical connection between the engine and transmission, allowing the engine to run at peak efficiency. The parallel system allows both the electric motor and engine to power the vehicle directly or together. Charging can occur through standard outlets, charging stations, regenerative braking, and with a range extender during low battery voltage. Driving an HET differs in not requiring a clutch compared to mechanical vehicles.
Enegriegebruik en CO2 uitstoot elektrische auto's ; een vergelijkingZERAuto nl
Vergelijking van enegriegebruik en CO2-emissie elektrische auto's vs benzine en diesel, opgesteld door de European Association for Battery Electric Vehicles. NIet op voorhand neutraal, wel veel goede cijfers, rekenmodellen en achtergronden m.b.t. energiebehoefte en emissies.
This document discusses electric vehicles and their advantages over petroleum vehicles. It describes the different types of electric vehicles including hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles. It also outlines the history of electric vehicles and compares factors like costs, maintenance requirements, and emissions of electric versus petroleum-powered cars. The document provides details on common hybrid vehicle powertrain systems and concludes that electric vehicles can provide cleaner, greener transportation when powered by renewable energy sources.
An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft. For road vehicles, together with other emerging automotive technologies such as autonomous driving, connected vehicles and shared mobility, EVs form a future mobility vision called Connected, Autonomous, Shared and Electric (CASE) Mobility.
This document summarizes key aspects of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. It discusses how hydrogen can be produced from renewable sources like solar and wind. It describes how hydrogen fuel cells work to produce electricity from hydrogen to power electric motors. Some benefits of these vehicles are quick refueling times and long ranges. Challenges include limited refueling infrastructure and energy losses during hydrogen production. The document concludes that hydrogen fuel cell technology has potential as a sustainable transportation fuel if renewable energy is used to produce the hydrogen.
Electric rickshaws are becoming a popular alternative to auto rickshaws in some cities since they have lower fuel costs and require less human effort than pulled rickshaws. They use a brushless DC motor powered by lead acid or lithium-ion batteries. While e-rickshaws have benefits like being eco-friendly with no emissions, they also have challenges like consuming more electricity for charging and having a lower maximum speed than other vehicles. Proper infrastructure and support can help address issues and increase the viability of e-rickshaws as sustainable transportation.
Electric hybride vehicle fundamentals history and comparison EHV AND ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV................................................................................................................................................
MODULE-I
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle technology: Introduction, LEV, TLEV, ULV & ZEV, Basic
components of Electric vehicles, Batteries suitable for electric vehicles, motor and controllers,
constructional features,
Basic factors to be considered for converting automobiles to electric vehicle, electric hybrid
vehicle, types - series and parallel hybrid, layouts, comparison, Power systems and control
systems, Different modes of operation for best usage. Regenerative braking,
Recent Trends in Automotive Power Plants: Stratified charged / lean burn engines –
Hydrogen Engines- Electric propulsion with cables – Magnetic track vehicles.
MODULE 11
Fuel Cells and Alternative energy systems: Introduction to fuel cells, Operational fuel cell
voltages, Proton Exchange membrane fuel cells, Alkaline Electrolyte fuel cells, Medium and
high temperature fuel cells, fuel and fuel chose, fuel processing, fuel cell stacks, Delivering
fuel cell power, Integrated Air supply and humidification concepts for fuel cell systems, A
comparison of High pressure and low pressure operation PEM Fuel cell systems, Fuel cell
Auxiliary systems,
Modern Developments in Automobiles: Air compression systems, Air powered vehicles,
Vehicle Automated Tracks: Preparation and maintenance of proper road network-National
highway network with automated roads and vehicles-Satellite control of vehicle operation for
safe and fast travel.
Module III
Modem electronic and micro control systems in automobiles: Electronically controlled
concealed headlight systems, LED and Audible warning systems Electro chromic mirrors,
automatic review mirrors, OBD II, Day time running lamps (DRL), Head up display, Travel
information systems, On board navigation system, Electronic climate control, Electronic cruise
control, Antilock braking system, Electronically controlled sunroof, Anti-theft systems,
Automatic door locks (ADL), engine management system, Electronic transmission control,
chassis control system, Integrated system
Vehicle Operation and Control: Computer Control for pollution and noise control and for fuel
economy-Transducers and operation of the vehicle like optimum speed and direction.
This document summarizes the current status of electric cars. It discusses their advantages such as reduced emissions and cheaper operating costs compared to gas vehicles. However, it also notes challenges like high battery costs, limited driving range, and lack of charging infrastructure. Major automakers are working to develop more affordable electric models to help overcome these issues and meet fuel efficiency standards. The future of electric vehicles depends on continued innovation to address costs and driver acceptance of the technology.
The document proposes adding solar panels to hybrid cars to make them more efficient and environmentally friendly. It notes that while electric and solar cars have limitations, hybrids using both gasoline and electric motors are currently practical. It suggests installing solar panels on rooftops to charge batteries powering electronic components and air conditioning when the car is stopped or moving, reducing fuel consumption. This "three-way hybrid" approach was successfully tested on solar-powered truck air conditioning. The document concludes that supplementing hybrid cars' electrical systems with solar energy takes advantage of available sunlight and saves energy without compromising features.
This document summarizes the evolution of electric cars from their early development in the 1830s to recent commercial successes. Some key points include:
- The first electric vehicles were created in the 1830s but did not gain popularity due to limited range and performance compared to gasoline vehicles. Electric cars largely disappeared by the early 1900s.
- Interest and limited production resumed in the 1960s-1980s but battery technology still limited range and performance.
- Modern development began in the 1980s-1990s with models like the GM EV1 and PSA vehicles, though batteries remained too heavy for widespread adoption.
- Recent milestones include the Nissan Leaf becoming the best-selling highway-capable electric vehicle and Tesla Model
This document discusses the challenges and solutions related to electric mobility and power utilities. It notes that 93% of transportation energy comes from fossil fuels that will be depleted by 2050. Electric vehicles can help address this by providing an alternative with no emissions or pollution. However, electric mobility faces challenges related to battery technology, vehicle range, and grid infrastructure. Smart grids and vehicle-grid integration can help optimize electric vehicle charging. Future developments aim to improve batteries and charging solutions to make electric mobility more viable and sustainable.
This document analyzes the energy requirements of operating a hydrogen economy compared to today's fossil fuel economy. It finds that much more energy is needed to produce, package, transport, store and deliver hydrogen compared to fossil fuels due to hydrogen's low volumetric energy density. Key steps in a hydrogen economy like electrolysis, compression, liquefaction and transportation via pipelines or vehicles require energy inputs that may exceed the usable energy content of the delivered hydrogen. A hydrogen economy could have an efficiency below 50% compared to over 90% for today's electric grid. Liquid hydrocarbons may be a more energy efficient way to transport hydrogen than gaseous or liquid hydrogen.
Electric Vehicles as an Alternative to Conventional Vehicles Fady M. A Hassouna
This document provides a comprehensive review of electric vehicles as an alternative to conventional vehicles. It analyzes factors such as environmental impacts, cost, energy consumption, and reliability. The review finds that electric vehicles provide significant environmental benefits and cost savings when the electricity is generated from non-fossil fuel sources like hydro or nuclear power. However, their reliability is less than gasoline vehicles due to issues like shorter battery life and range. The document concludes that electric vehicles may not be a better alternative in cold climates or areas relying on fossil fuels for electricity.
Using aluminum instead of steel to build electric vehicle bodies can reduce costs and improve performance, according to a new study. The study found that replacing steel with aluminum can cut a vehicle's energy storage needs by 10%, potentially saving $3,000 per vehicle. Lighter vehicles require less battery power to move, extending their driving range up to 20% for each 20% reduction in mass. Aluminum bodies also improve regenerative braking efficiency while keeping performance comparable to steel-bodied vehicles.
This document provides an overview of hybrid electric vehicles. It discusses the history of hybrid vehicles from early prototypes in the 1890s to modern hybrids like the Toyota Prius. The social and environmental benefits of hybrids are explained, noting their ability to reduce emissions and impact of global warming. Different types of hybrid drive trains are introduced, including series and parallel hybrid systems. Vehicle performance factors like acceleration and transmission characteristics are reviewed.
Fabrication of Hybrid Petroelectric VehicleIJERA Editor
In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its depletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Fuel cells vehicles, Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be bridged by hybrid technology. Hybrid vehicles are those which can run on two or more powering sources/fuels. Feasibility of this technology is been proved in four wheelers and automobile giants like Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai have launched successful vehicles like Toyota prius, Honda insight etc. This technology maximizes the advantages of the two fuels and minimizes the disadvantages of the same. The best preferred hybrid pair is electric and fossil fuel. This increases the mileage of the vehicle twice the existing and also reduces the emission to half. At present, we like to explore the hybrid technology in the two wheeler sector and its feasibility on road. This paper deals with an attempt to make a hybrid with electric start and petrol run. Further a design of basic hybrid elements like motor, battery, and engine. As on today, hybrid products are one of the best solutions for all pollution hazards at a fairly nominal price. An investment within the means of a common man that guarantees a better environment to live in.
This report discusses new advances in technologies like regenerative breaking, mass production that reduces cost, battery management system, and higher battery life and battery efficiency are the few of the techies that made electric cars a within the reach of the common man.
1. The document discusses the design of converting a gasoline-powered scooter into an electric vehicle. It aims to address issues with existing electric vehicles like high costs, low speeds and mileage, and long battery charging times.
2. The proposed methodology includes fitting a hub motor to the front wheel of a conventional scooter and experimenting with battery packs to determine the optimal energy and power requirements. A cost-benefit analysis will also be conducted.
3. The plan of action outlines converting and testing the scooter from June to March, including purchasing electric components, assembling the motor and batteries, and demoing the electric vehicle. Literature on electric vehicles and their benefits is also reviewed.
SEMINAR ON HYBRID VEHICLE / ELECTRICVEHICLE TECHNOLOGY Avinash Repale
The document discusses hybrid vehicle technology. It begins with an introduction to hybrid vehicles and the problems they aim to address like global warming. It then defines hybrid vehicles as combining a conventional internal combustion engine with an electric propulsion system. The rest of the document discusses the different types of hybrid systems, technologies used in hybrid vehicles like regenerative braking, and the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles. It concludes by stating that hybrids offer benefits like improved fuel economy and reduced emissions while being more expensive initially than conventional cars.
wheather electric cars are eco friendly?vanshsingla79
This document analyzes whether electric vehicles are more eco-friendly than petrol or diesel vehicles. It finds that electric vehicles have lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, being around 30% lower than petrol vehicles and 23% lower than diesel vehicles. However, the cleanliness of electric vehicles depends on the energy source used to generate the electricity - coal-based electricity in India means electric vehicles are not as environmentally friendly currently. The document also categorizes different types of electric vehicles like BEVs, HEVs and PHEVs, finding PHEVs to be the most advanced and energy efficient.
A PPT ON 'FUEL CELL VECHILE ' WHICH IS BASED ON FUTURE DEMAND THAT MODERN VECHILE SHOULD BE MADE AND CHANGE IN VECHILE AND POLLUTION CAUSED BY PETROL , I PRESENTED TIHS IN MY COLLEGE AT ICSPR
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Electric rickshaws are becoming a popular alternative to auto rickshaws in some cities since they have lower fuel costs and require less human effort than pulled rickshaws. They use a brushless DC motor powered by lead acid or lithium-ion batteries. While e-rickshaws have benefits like being eco-friendly with no emissions, they also have challenges like consuming more electricity for charging and having a lower maximum speed than other vehicles. Proper infrastructure and support can help address issues and increase the viability of e-rickshaws as sustainable transportation.
Electric hybride vehicle fundamentals history and comparison EHV AND ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ICV................................................................................................................................................
MODULE-I
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle technology: Introduction, LEV, TLEV, ULV & ZEV, Basic
components of Electric vehicles, Batteries suitable for electric vehicles, motor and controllers,
constructional features,
Basic factors to be considered for converting automobiles to electric vehicle, electric hybrid
vehicle, types - series and parallel hybrid, layouts, comparison, Power systems and control
systems, Different modes of operation for best usage. Regenerative braking,
Recent Trends in Automotive Power Plants: Stratified charged / lean burn engines –
Hydrogen Engines- Electric propulsion with cables – Magnetic track vehicles.
MODULE 11
Fuel Cells and Alternative energy systems: Introduction to fuel cells, Operational fuel cell
voltages, Proton Exchange membrane fuel cells, Alkaline Electrolyte fuel cells, Medium and
high temperature fuel cells, fuel and fuel chose, fuel processing, fuel cell stacks, Delivering
fuel cell power, Integrated Air supply and humidification concepts for fuel cell systems, A
comparison of High pressure and low pressure operation PEM Fuel cell systems, Fuel cell
Auxiliary systems,
Modern Developments in Automobiles: Air compression systems, Air powered vehicles,
Vehicle Automated Tracks: Preparation and maintenance of proper road network-National
highway network with automated roads and vehicles-Satellite control of vehicle operation for
safe and fast travel.
Module III
Modem electronic and micro control systems in automobiles: Electronically controlled
concealed headlight systems, LED and Audible warning systems Electro chromic mirrors,
automatic review mirrors, OBD II, Day time running lamps (DRL), Head up display, Travel
information systems, On board navigation system, Electronic climate control, Electronic cruise
control, Antilock braking system, Electronically controlled sunroof, Anti-theft systems,
Automatic door locks (ADL), engine management system, Electronic transmission control,
chassis control system, Integrated system
Vehicle Operation and Control: Computer Control for pollution and noise control and for fuel
economy-Transducers and operation of the vehicle like optimum speed and direction.
This document summarizes the current status of electric cars. It discusses their advantages such as reduced emissions and cheaper operating costs compared to gas vehicles. However, it also notes challenges like high battery costs, limited driving range, and lack of charging infrastructure. Major automakers are working to develop more affordable electric models to help overcome these issues and meet fuel efficiency standards. The future of electric vehicles depends on continued innovation to address costs and driver acceptance of the technology.
The document proposes adding solar panels to hybrid cars to make them more efficient and environmentally friendly. It notes that while electric and solar cars have limitations, hybrids using both gasoline and electric motors are currently practical. It suggests installing solar panels on rooftops to charge batteries powering electronic components and air conditioning when the car is stopped or moving, reducing fuel consumption. This "three-way hybrid" approach was successfully tested on solar-powered truck air conditioning. The document concludes that supplementing hybrid cars' electrical systems with solar energy takes advantage of available sunlight and saves energy without compromising features.
This document summarizes the evolution of electric cars from their early development in the 1830s to recent commercial successes. Some key points include:
- The first electric vehicles were created in the 1830s but did not gain popularity due to limited range and performance compared to gasoline vehicles. Electric cars largely disappeared by the early 1900s.
- Interest and limited production resumed in the 1960s-1980s but battery technology still limited range and performance.
- Modern development began in the 1980s-1990s with models like the GM EV1 and PSA vehicles, though batteries remained too heavy for widespread adoption.
- Recent milestones include the Nissan Leaf becoming the best-selling highway-capable electric vehicle and Tesla Model
This document discusses the challenges and solutions related to electric mobility and power utilities. It notes that 93% of transportation energy comes from fossil fuels that will be depleted by 2050. Electric vehicles can help address this by providing an alternative with no emissions or pollution. However, electric mobility faces challenges related to battery technology, vehicle range, and grid infrastructure. Smart grids and vehicle-grid integration can help optimize electric vehicle charging. Future developments aim to improve batteries and charging solutions to make electric mobility more viable and sustainable.
This document analyzes the energy requirements of operating a hydrogen economy compared to today's fossil fuel economy. It finds that much more energy is needed to produce, package, transport, store and deliver hydrogen compared to fossil fuels due to hydrogen's low volumetric energy density. Key steps in a hydrogen economy like electrolysis, compression, liquefaction and transportation via pipelines or vehicles require energy inputs that may exceed the usable energy content of the delivered hydrogen. A hydrogen economy could have an efficiency below 50% compared to over 90% for today's electric grid. Liquid hydrocarbons may be a more energy efficient way to transport hydrogen than gaseous or liquid hydrogen.
Electric Vehicles as an Alternative to Conventional Vehicles Fady M. A Hassouna
This document provides a comprehensive review of electric vehicles as an alternative to conventional vehicles. It analyzes factors such as environmental impacts, cost, energy consumption, and reliability. The review finds that electric vehicles provide significant environmental benefits and cost savings when the electricity is generated from non-fossil fuel sources like hydro or nuclear power. However, their reliability is less than gasoline vehicles due to issues like shorter battery life and range. The document concludes that electric vehicles may not be a better alternative in cold climates or areas relying on fossil fuels for electricity.
Using aluminum instead of steel to build electric vehicle bodies can reduce costs and improve performance, according to a new study. The study found that replacing steel with aluminum can cut a vehicle's energy storage needs by 10%, potentially saving $3,000 per vehicle. Lighter vehicles require less battery power to move, extending their driving range up to 20% for each 20% reduction in mass. Aluminum bodies also improve regenerative braking efficiency while keeping performance comparable to steel-bodied vehicles.
This document provides an overview of hybrid electric vehicles. It discusses the history of hybrid vehicles from early prototypes in the 1890s to modern hybrids like the Toyota Prius. The social and environmental benefits of hybrids are explained, noting their ability to reduce emissions and impact of global warming. Different types of hybrid drive trains are introduced, including series and parallel hybrid systems. Vehicle performance factors like acceleration and transmission characteristics are reviewed.
Fabrication of Hybrid Petroelectric VehicleIJERA Editor
In automobile sector, the need for alternative fuel as a replacement of conventional fossil fuel, due to its depletion and amount of emission has given way for new technologies like Fuel cells vehicles, Electric vehicles. Still a lot of advancement has to take place in these technologies for commercialization. The gap between the current fossil fuel technology and zero emission vehicles can be bridged by hybrid technology. Hybrid vehicles are those which can run on two or more powering sources/fuels. Feasibility of this technology is been proved in four wheelers and automobile giants like Toyota, Honda, and Hyundai have launched successful vehicles like Toyota prius, Honda insight etc. This technology maximizes the advantages of the two fuels and minimizes the disadvantages of the same. The best preferred hybrid pair is electric and fossil fuel. This increases the mileage of the vehicle twice the existing and also reduces the emission to half. At present, we like to explore the hybrid technology in the two wheeler sector and its feasibility on road. This paper deals with an attempt to make a hybrid with electric start and petrol run. Further a design of basic hybrid elements like motor, battery, and engine. As on today, hybrid products are one of the best solutions for all pollution hazards at a fairly nominal price. An investment within the means of a common man that guarantees a better environment to live in.
This report discusses new advances in technologies like regenerative breaking, mass production that reduces cost, battery management system, and higher battery life and battery efficiency are the few of the techies that made electric cars a within the reach of the common man.
1. The document discusses the design of converting a gasoline-powered scooter into an electric vehicle. It aims to address issues with existing electric vehicles like high costs, low speeds and mileage, and long battery charging times.
2. The proposed methodology includes fitting a hub motor to the front wheel of a conventional scooter and experimenting with battery packs to determine the optimal energy and power requirements. A cost-benefit analysis will also be conducted.
3. The plan of action outlines converting and testing the scooter from June to March, including purchasing electric components, assembling the motor and batteries, and demoing the electric vehicle. Literature on electric vehicles and their benefits is also reviewed.
SEMINAR ON HYBRID VEHICLE / ELECTRICVEHICLE TECHNOLOGY Avinash Repale
The document discusses hybrid vehicle technology. It begins with an introduction to hybrid vehicles and the problems they aim to address like global warming. It then defines hybrid vehicles as combining a conventional internal combustion engine with an electric propulsion system. The rest of the document discusses the different types of hybrid systems, technologies used in hybrid vehicles like regenerative braking, and the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid vehicles. It concludes by stating that hybrids offer benefits like improved fuel economy and reduced emissions while being more expensive initially than conventional cars.
wheather electric cars are eco friendly?vanshsingla79
This document analyzes whether electric vehicles are more eco-friendly than petrol or diesel vehicles. It finds that electric vehicles have lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, being around 30% lower than petrol vehicles and 23% lower than diesel vehicles. However, the cleanliness of electric vehicles depends on the energy source used to generate the electricity - coal-based electricity in India means electric vehicles are not as environmentally friendly currently. The document also categorizes different types of electric vehicles like BEVs, HEVs and PHEVs, finding PHEVs to be the most advanced and energy efficient.
A PPT ON 'FUEL CELL VECHILE ' WHICH IS BASED ON FUTURE DEMAND THAT MODERN VECHILE SHOULD BE MADE AND CHANGE IN VECHILE AND POLLUTION CAUSED BY PETROL , I PRESENTED TIHS IN MY COLLEGE AT ICSPR
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Applications of artificial Intelligence in Mechanical Engineering.pdfAtif Razi
Historically, mechanical engineering has relied heavily on human expertise and empirical methods to solve complex problems. With the introduction of computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA), the field took its first steps towards digitization. These tools allowed engineers to simulate and analyze mechanical systems with greater accuracy and efficiency. However, the sheer volume of data generated by modern engineering systems and the increasing complexity of these systems have necessitated more advanced analytical tools, paving the way for AI.
AI offers the capability to process vast amounts of data, identify patterns, and make predictions with a level of speed and accuracy unattainable by traditional methods. This has profound implications for mechanical engineering, enabling more efficient design processes, predictive maintenance strategies, and optimized manufacturing operations. AI-driven tools can learn from historical data, adapt to new information, and continuously improve their performance, making them invaluable in tackling the multifaceted challenges of modern mechanical engineering.
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Diesel Locomotive utility aspects
1. Diesel Locomotives:
Utility Aspects
Introduction:
Both diesel and electric locomotives are used extensively with variation in their application areas.
Diesel locomotives made their first entry in India in the year of 1957 when ALCO exported WDM1 to
this south -Asian nation; in contrast 1925 was the year when first electric train ran in India between
Bombay VT to Kurla Harbour.
Due to expansion constraints India grew slower with electric locomotive along with heavy reliance on
diesel locomotive.
Even today Indian locomotive space is dominated by diesel locomotives with nearly a magnitude of
5000.
Both electric as well as diesel locomotives have inherent advantages associated with them; now we
will dig deeper analysing the utility aspects of electric and diesel locomotives.
Fuel Efficiency:
Compare the fuel efficiency of diesel and electric locomotives, including the factors that influence.
fuel consumption such as load, terrain and weather conditions.
The diesel-electric locomotive has a thermal efficiency of 20-25%.
Since a gallon of fuel oil contains approximately 130,000 Btu of energy, only 20-25% of this would be
available to produce work, that is, pull the train.
Fuel consumption
Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle's performance because it is a linear
relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. Weight-specific
(efficiency per unit weight) may be stated for freight, and passenger specific efficiency (vehicle
efficiency per passenger) for passenger vehicles.
Load Specific Fuel Consumption
Medium and heavy-duty vehicles are unlike light-duty vehicles in that they are clearly designed to
carry loads in an efficient and timely manner. In the EPA light-duty vehicle fuel economy tests m the
only load in the vehicle during the test is one 150-1b person as the driver. This is the typical way
these vehicles operate, although different light-duty vehicles have the capacity to carry additional
passengers and cargo, depending on their size. delivering the driver and passengers to a destination
can be considered the primary purpose of light-duty vehicles. On the other hand, the primary
purpose of most medium and heavy-duty vehicles is to deliver freight or passengers. A simple way to
2. reduce the fuel consumption of a truck is to leave the cargo on the loading dock. This approach,
however, ignores the purpose of these vehicles. In view of these facts, the way to represent an
appropriate attribute-based fuel consumption metric is normalize the fuel consumption to the
payload that the vehicle hauls.
Environmental Impact
In addition to discussing the benefits and drawbacks of diesel (diesel-electric) and electric
locomotives, policymakers and energy planners should focus on how these two types of rail engines
affect the environment.
railway industry's performance.
Since they generate less CO2 than diesel locomotives, it seems that many people believe that
electric locomotives are more environmentally beneficial. When employing electric locos instead of
diesel locos, carbon emissions are significantly reduced, as with all electric vehicles. Electric loco
itself produces almost no pollution. According to DFT study, the carbon emissions produced by
electric locomotives per passenger mile are up to 35% lower than those from diesel locomotives.
Electric locomotives have minimal energy and maintenance costs, according to research.
However, a Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation GOI report on Indian Rail for 2010–
11 (quoted by E. Arun Kishore) indicates Carbon-di-Oxide/Co2 emission per tonne–km for the same
period.
Listed below are diesel, electric, and mixed locomotives: - Diesel 0.01146 grams Electric 0.0.00951
grams.
0.01072 grammes of mixed products.
The study demonstrates how environmentally beneficial diesel engines are. Now of usage, there are
essentially no carbon emissions from electric locos. However, most of the consumed electricity
comes from thermal power plants, where massive amounts of fossil fuels like coal and diesel are
used to produce the electricity.
Engines with higher fuel economy and engine efficiency are being introduced in both types of
engines, taking passenger routes into account, in order to reduce pollution and gain more energy.
Due to the finite nature of non-renewable fossil fuels like coal and diesel, attention is being focused
on renewable energy sources like biodiesel, ethanol, hydrogen, etc. If these resources can be used
economically, environmental contamination may be significantly reduced.
Electric engines outperform diesel locomotives in terms of noise pollution since they produce more
eco-friendly.
There are several economic factors to consider when contrasting diesel versus electric locomotives,
including the up-front and ongoing costs of purchase, fuel or electricity, maintenance, and repairs.
MAINTAINCE
ELETRIC LOCOMOTIVE
3. DISEL-ELETRIC LOCOMOTIVE vs ELETRIC LOCOMOTIVE
The ratio of maintenance time per kilometre between the electric and the diesel-electric
locomotives 1:6
4. Cost Consideration
Diesel fuel, which is often less expensive than electricity, is used to power diesel locomotives.
However, compared to diesel locomotives, electric locomotives are more energy efficient, requiring
less energy to travel a given distance. Despite the greater cost of power, this may lead to cheaper
fuel expenses for electric locomotives.
Electric locomotives have fewer moving parts than diesel locomotives, which helps reduce their
susceptibility to breakdowns and total maintenance requirements. However, due to the specialised
nature of the equipment and the requirement for specialised technicians to perform the work,
repairs can sometimes be more expensive. Due to their more sophisticated construction and
reliance on mechanical components, diesel locomotives require more maintenance and repairs.
Overall, several variables, such as the kind of operation, the length of the routes, and the
accessibility of infrastructure, affect the cost considerations for diesel and electric locomotives.
COMPARISON
POWER AND PERFORMANCE
DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE
Reliable and durable, can operate for
long periods without maintenance.
Smooth and quiet operation,
comfortable ride for passengers.
Versatile, can operate on electrified and
non-electrified tracks.
Higher initial costs due to electrification
infrastructure but can be cost-effective.
over longer distances.
Capable of running at higher speeds and
more efficient in certain situations.
Lower maximum speeds but more
consistent and reliable performance.
Produce noise and emissions, require.
regular refueling.
More environmentally friendly at the
point of use, although electricity
generation may produce emissions.
elsewhere
Capable of high maximum speeds
and can achieve high acceleration.
rates.
Lower maximum speeds compared.
to diesel locomotives.
Powerful pulling capacity allows for
hauling heavy loads.
Lower pulling capacity than diesel
locomotives, but still capable of
hauling heavy loads.
Higher fuel consumption compared to
electric locomotives.
Lower fuel consumption and
emissions, making them more.
environmentally friendly.
5. Flexibility and adaptability between
diesel and electric locomotive
When it comes to adaptation and flexibility in various settings and terrains, diesel and electric
locomotives differ from one another.
Diesel locomotives can run on non-electrified lines, making them appropriate for a broader range of
terrains and situations, making them typically more versatile and adaptable than electric
locomotives. They are perfect for moving people and products over great distances since they can
function in isolated locations without a sophisticated power supply.
However, compared to diesel locomotives, electric locomotives have the advantage of being more
effective and environmentally friendly. Because they can run on electrified tracks, less pollution is
emitted while they are in use. Additionally, compared to diesel locomotives, electric locomotives can
handle steeper gradients and heavier loads.
Diesel locomotives are adaptable in that they may be upgraded with different types of engines and
technology to increase their performance, efficiency, and environmental effect. While more
extensive infrastructure, such as overhead wires and substations, is needed to support electric
locomotives, which can limit their adaptability in some environments.
In the end, the decision between diesel and electric locomotives will be based on several variables,
such as the transportation system's unique requirements, the accessibility of necessary
infrastructure, and economic and environmental conversantly steeper gradients and heavier load.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
For many years, the transportation industry's main workhorses have been diesel and electric
locomotives. Electric locomotives are quickly overtaking diesel locomotives as the preferred
technology across the world because of its effectiveness and environmental friendliness. We will give
an overview of the prospects for diesel and electric locomotives in this research, as well as discuss
new uses, developing technology, and anticipated market trends.
Diesel locomotives: In the transportation sector, diesel locomotives are still often employed,
especially in areas with a lack of fully established electrification infrastructure. The desire for cleaner
and more effective technology is, however, being driven by worries about air pollution and the
effects of fossil fuels on the environment. As a result, interest in alternative fuels like hydrogen and
biodiesel is rising.
Emerging Technologies: Using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel source is one emerging technology
for diesel locomotives. Compared to diesel, LNG is more economical and creates less pollutants.
Hybrid locomotives, which combine diesel and battery power to save pollutants and fuel
consumption, are another potential technological advancement.
6. New Applications: The mining sector is one possible new use for diesel locomotives. Diesel
locomotives are ideal for this role since mining companies frequently need to move huge cargoes
over long distances. Diesel locomotives can also be employed in off-grid places where electrification
is impractical due to the growth of distant mining activities.
Market Trends: The demand for diesel locomotives is anticipated to increase over the upcoming
years, particularly in emerging nations where the infrastructure for electrification is still being built.
The market is under pressure to cut emissions and make the switch to greener technology, though.
This could promote interest in alternative and hybrid locomotives.
Electric locomotives: Due to their great efficiency and minimal environmental effect, electric
locomotives are gaining popularity. Overhead power lines, which offer a steady supply of energy, are
used to power electric locomotives.
Emerging Technologies: Using lithium-ion batteries in electric locomotives is one such new
technology. Without the requirement for electrification infrastructure, these batteries may be
utilised in conjunction with overhead lines to supply extra power as needed, allowing trains to run
farther.
CONCLUSION
1.The Ministry of Railways has launched a new programme to speed up the electrification of
railways.
2.Both electric and diesel locomotives have benefits and drawbacks. Electric locomotives are more
effective and environmentally friendly, but they need infrastructure to run.
3.The decision between a diesel and an electric locomotive ultimately depends on the requirement.
Additionally, the railway operator's situation
4.Electric locomotives needed third rail or overhead wire infrastructure to provide them with energy.
It might be expensive to develop and maintain this infrastructure. On the other hand, a diesel
locomotive can go everywhere without specialised infrastructure.
5.- The fuel source that diesel and electric locomotives utilise is the most visible distinction between
the two. Diesel locomotives run on diesel fuel. including an electric locomotive are powered by
electricity.
D.