it is submitted for the purpose of the final project in the Course a course; Understanding the brain: The neurobiology in everyday life by Professor Peggy Mason, University of Chicago
Management of Psychiatric Emergencies at Primary Care: Suicide and AggressionTuti Mohd Daud
These slides are not meant to be comprehensive in covering the two major topics in psychiatric emergencies. Readers are encouraged to refer to the references provided for further reading.
The document discusses bipolar disorder and provides an agenda for the topics that will be covered, which include the epidemiology, costs, and hidden forms of bipolar disorder. It is presented by several professors of psychiatry and addresses objectives like understanding subtle and special population presentations of bipolar disorder as well as treatment guidelines. Bipolar disorder is a chronic and disabling condition that is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late. Accurately diagnosing and treating it can be challenging.
'Non-pharmacological management in dementia' is really nice article published in British Journal of Psychiatry Advances. It gives basic idea about non pharmacological management in all forms of dementia for Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
This document discusses long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for the management of schizophrenia. It provides an overview of the biology and outcomes of schizophrenia, including high relapse rates when treatment is discontinued. Relapse is associated with increased dopamine function and may be linked to disease progression. LAI antipsychotics can help improve adherence and reduce relapse rates compared to oral antipsychotics. The document reviews guidelines recommending LAI use and discusses patients' and clinicians' positive attitudes towards LAIs. It also covers the receptor profile and attributes of paliperidone palmitate, an atypical LAI antipsychotic.
Consultation and liaison psychiatry meاحمد البحيري
Consultation-liaison psychiatry involves psychiatrists consulting on patients in medical settings to address intersections between physical and mental health. Issues include capacity to consent, conflicts with medical teams, and patients reporting physical symptoms due to underlying mental disorders. The consultant evaluates patients for suspected psychiatric disorders, agitation, suicidal/homicidal thoughts, and high psychiatric risk factors. Common reasons for consultations include psychiatric symptoms, lack of organic cause for symptoms, and non-compliance.
The document summarizes the development and evaluation of an internet-based self-management tool called iFightDepression for mild to moderate depression. It was developed through a European research project to help improve access to support for depression. The tool is based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles and was piloted with positive feedback in multiple countries. Evaluation of the pilot showed it was useful and acceptable to patients and professionals. The tool and awareness efforts are now being expanded to additional countries.
This document discusses psychiatric emergencies from the perspective of Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki, Chairman of the Psychiatry Department at Beni Suef University in Egypt. It covers key topics in psychiatric emergencies including evaluation challenges due to heterogeneity, importance of documentation, exclusion of organic causes, epidemiology, seasonal variations, clinical evaluation process, and management of specific emergencies like suicide, aggression/violence, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Intervention tools discussed include both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.
This document discusses various methods for treating addiction. Biological substitution programs like methadone treatment replace heroin with a synthetic opiate to reduce cravings and block the effects of heroin. While methadone treatment can be effective in reducing illicit drug use, it also carries risks of dependency and non-compliance. Aversion therapy conditions drug use to have unpleasant consequences by pairing drugs with emetics to force negative reactions, aiming to discourage future drug use through associating it with nausea. Overall, the document examines both biological and behavioral treatment methods for addiction.
Management of Psychiatric Emergencies at Primary Care: Suicide and AggressionTuti Mohd Daud
These slides are not meant to be comprehensive in covering the two major topics in psychiatric emergencies. Readers are encouraged to refer to the references provided for further reading.
The document discusses bipolar disorder and provides an agenda for the topics that will be covered, which include the epidemiology, costs, and hidden forms of bipolar disorder. It is presented by several professors of psychiatry and addresses objectives like understanding subtle and special population presentations of bipolar disorder as well as treatment guidelines. Bipolar disorder is a chronic and disabling condition that is often misdiagnosed or diagnosed late. Accurately diagnosing and treating it can be challenging.
'Non-pharmacological management in dementia' is really nice article published in British Journal of Psychiatry Advances. It gives basic idea about non pharmacological management in all forms of dementia for Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia.
This document discusses long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics for the management of schizophrenia. It provides an overview of the biology and outcomes of schizophrenia, including high relapse rates when treatment is discontinued. Relapse is associated with increased dopamine function and may be linked to disease progression. LAI antipsychotics can help improve adherence and reduce relapse rates compared to oral antipsychotics. The document reviews guidelines recommending LAI use and discusses patients' and clinicians' positive attitudes towards LAIs. It also covers the receptor profile and attributes of paliperidone palmitate, an atypical LAI antipsychotic.
Consultation and liaison psychiatry meاحمد البحيري
Consultation-liaison psychiatry involves psychiatrists consulting on patients in medical settings to address intersections between physical and mental health. Issues include capacity to consent, conflicts with medical teams, and patients reporting physical symptoms due to underlying mental disorders. The consultant evaluates patients for suspected psychiatric disorders, agitation, suicidal/homicidal thoughts, and high psychiatric risk factors. Common reasons for consultations include psychiatric symptoms, lack of organic cause for symptoms, and non-compliance.
The document summarizes the development and evaluation of an internet-based self-management tool called iFightDepression for mild to moderate depression. It was developed through a European research project to help improve access to support for depression. The tool is based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles and was piloted with positive feedback in multiple countries. Evaluation of the pilot showed it was useful and acceptable to patients and professionals. The tool and awareness efforts are now being expanded to additional countries.
This document discusses psychiatric emergencies from the perspective of Prof. Hani Hamed Dessoki, Chairman of the Psychiatry Department at Beni Suef University in Egypt. It covers key topics in psychiatric emergencies including evaluation challenges due to heterogeneity, importance of documentation, exclusion of organic causes, epidemiology, seasonal variations, clinical evaluation process, and management of specific emergencies like suicide, aggression/violence, catatonia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Intervention tools discussed include both non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches.
This document discusses various methods for treating addiction. Biological substitution programs like methadone treatment replace heroin with a synthetic opiate to reduce cravings and block the effects of heroin. While methadone treatment can be effective in reducing illicit drug use, it also carries risks of dependency and non-compliance. Aversion therapy conditions drug use to have unpleasant consequences by pairing drugs with emetics to force negative reactions, aiming to discourage future drug use through associating it with nausea. Overall, the document examines both biological and behavioral treatment methods for addiction.
Physiotherapy plays an important role in mental health as part of a multidisciplinary team using a biopsychosocial model. Several evidence-based interventions are discussed including Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapy, basic body awareness therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical activity, and progressive relaxation training. Effective communication and a strong therapeutic relationship are essential when working with mental health patients. Physiotherapists can help meet patient needs through management of physical comorbidities, a client-centered approach, and promotion of well-being.
Lecture 21: Psychological issues at the end of life Dr.Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document discusses psychological issues at the end of life from a holistic perspective. It addresses the physical, emotional, social, psychological, and spiritual needs and concerns of dying individuals. Regarding physical needs, it discusses pain management, body image, and finding meaning in illness. Emotionally, it explores common fears, loss/grief, and positive emotions. Socially, it addresses concerns for loved ones and communication patterns. Psychologically, it focuses on maintaining control and contributing to others. Spiritually, it examines religion/spirituality, meaning of life/death, and hope. The document also introduces palliative care and its role in improving quality of life compared to hospice care. Finally, it provides an overview
Recovery- Oriented System of Care ,Motivational Approach , in Substance Use D...احمد البحيري
This document discusses recovery-oriented treatment for substance use disorders. It defines treatment as direct medical interventions, while recovery is a sustained process of change addressing biological, psychological, social, and spiritual disturbances from addiction. Recovery aims to improve quality of life through pursuing abstinence and dealing with cravings. The document outlines motivational interviewing techniques including engaging patients, eliciting change talk, and negotiating plans for change. It emphasizes that recovery requires ongoing care beyond initial medical detoxification.
Community mental health in India has developed over 5 phases since the colonial period:
1) Establishment of lunatic asylums
2) Establishment of mental hospitals in the 1950s
3) Growth of general hospital psychiatry units in the 1960s
4) Extension of care from hospitals to primary health centers and communities in the 1970s
5) Increases in funding and improvements to mental hospitals in the 1990s.
Community mental health aims to promote mental health and reduce mental illness prevalence through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities. Nurses play important roles in providing education, screening, early treatment and rehabilitation in the community. Facilities like halfway homes, day treatment programs and self-
This document discusses various psychiatric emergencies that may present to emergency departments. It defines terms like stupor, violence, and suicide. It notes that psychiatric emergencies require immediate intervention to safeguard the patient's life and reduce anxiety. Common emergencies discussed include suicide attempts, violence or aggression, panic attacks, catatonic stupor, and grief reactions. It provides guidance on initial approaches and management of these various psychiatric emergency presentations.
Group 2 Presentation: "Center for the Study of Empathetic Therapy, Education ...mariahmadigan
Dr. Peter Breggin founded the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy, Education & Living in 2010 to promote empathetic, caring approaches to mental health as an alternative to biological psychiatry. The organization aims to raise ethical standards, examine harmful practices, and involve the public in developing more humane therapies. Dr. Breggin has pioneered critiques of biological psychiatry for decades and his new center provides information for professionals and the public on creating empathetic resources for mental health issues. The website offers many resources and details Dr. Breggin's accomplishments in reforming psychiatry through legal cases, publications, and international campaigns against interventions like lobotomies, electroshock therapy, and psychiatric drug dangers.
The document provides an overview of consultation-liaison psychiatry, including basics, common conditions, and management approaches. It defines consultation-liaison psychiatry and its roles in a general hospital setting. Common conditions addressed include delirium, suicide, depression, agitation, and medical issues like hepatic or renal impairment. Management prioritizes identifying and treating underlying causes, coordinating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and effective communication with medical teams.
Proposal for Halfway House Facility: in Addiction Rehabilitationاحمد البحيري
The document proposes establishing a halfway house facility for addiction rehabilitation. It defines halfway houses as institutions that help people with disabilities or criminal backgrounds reintegrate into society by teaching independent living skills. The proposed halfway house would provide social, medical, psychiatric and educational services to support substance-dependent residents during their transition from treatment back into the community. The document outlines theoretical models for halfway houses, expected services, initial policies and procedures, staffing requirements, resident assessments, health provisions and more to guide the proposed facility's operations.
The theory of planned behaviour is a model for predicting addictive behaviours. It proposes that intention, which is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, directly predicts whether someone will engage in a behaviour. The model can be used to understand addiction processes and develop prevention programs. While it effectively predicts intentions, the theory is less successful at predicting actual behaviour change, especially for difficult behaviours like quitting addiction. It also fails to account for emotional and irrational factors influencing decisions. Different types of interventions target addiction through biological, psychological, and social approaches.
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. It discusses definitions of mental health and mental illness from organizations like the WHO and APA. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) is introduced as the taxonomy used by mental health professionals for diagnosis. The development of institutions and community mental health in response to developments like psychopharmacology is summarized. Current issues like the high prevalence of mental illness and limitations of treatment access are also outlined.
Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients facing life-limiting illness and their families through pain and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support from diagnosis until end of life. It focuses on preventing and relieving suffering through early identification and treatment of pain, and addresses physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems. Palliative care is applicable alongside curative treatments and aims neither to hasten nor postpone death.
Group 2 presentation center for the study of empathetic therapy, education &a...mariahmadigan
Dr. Peter Breggin founded the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy, Education & Living in 2010 to promote empathetic, caring approaches to mental health as an alternative to biological psychiatry. The organization aims to raise ethical standards, examine dangers of psychiatric drugs/treatments, and develop resources for professionals and the public. Dr. Breggin has made seminal contributions through his decades of work critiquing biological psychiatry and pioneering empathetic therapy. The website serves as an informative hub for the movement, providing access to news, research, events, and testimonials regarding Dr. Breggin's impactful career challenging the psychiatric system.
This document discusses how psychotherapy changes the brain and genes. It explains that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown through brain imaging to produce similar changes in the brain as medications for conditions like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Studies have also found that genes influence how responsive children are to psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. Researchers are exploring using biomarkers and genetics to enhance psychotherapy by combining it with drugs or other neurobiological tools.
Addiction psychiatry focuses on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating people suffering from substance use and other addictive disorders. It is a medical subspecialty within psychiatry that has expanded due to growing scientific knowledge about addiction and treatments. Addiction psychiatrists must be certified general psychiatrists who have completed an accredited residency program in addiction psychiatry in order to treat addiction along with any co-occurring psychiatric conditions using medication, psychotherapy, and other methods.
Emergency medicine, psychiatry and the lawSCGH ED CME
The document discusses laws related to emergency psychiatry and involuntary treatment orders. It covers the criteria needed for a referral, including that a medical practitioner or authorized mental health practitioner must reasonably suspect the person needs involuntary treatment or their community treatment order needs changing. It explains the forms and process used for referrals, including providing rights to family members and allowing referrals to be extended or revoked.
Non-pharmacologic interventions for dementia management include activities, environmental modifications, and sensory therapies. While studies on their effectiveness have small sample sizes and varying methods, some interventions like music therapy and bright light therapy have shown benefits for cognition, mood, and behavior. More research is still needed, but non-pharmacologic approaches can be considered due to their safety, low cost, and potential for improving symptoms alone or as an adjunct to medication.
This document discusses anxiety disorders and their symptoms, classification, epidemiology, and treatment. It defines anxiety as a feeling of tension, worry and physical changes. It describes several types of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It provides information on the symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment including pharmacological therapies such as SSRIs, TCAs, benzodiazepines, and non-pharmacological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
The document discusses a community mental health program (CMHP) that aims to promote mental health and rehabilitate those with mental illness. The CMHP includes inpatient and outpatient services, emergency services, and education/training. It adopts strategies like integrating mental health with primary care and providing tertiary institutions. Welfare agencies assist with emergency care, treatment programs, and aftercare. The CMHP aims to reduce psychological impacts of disasters and strengthen community preparedness and monitoring. However, it faces limitations like shortages of professionals, funding, and coordination between national and community departments.
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to studying and treating mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Treatment options include psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy, psychiatric medication such as antidepressants for depression, anxiolytics for anxiety disorders, mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, antipsychotics for psychotic disorders, and stimulants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Journey to posttraumatic stress disorder Sajia Iqbal
Journey to PTSD covers what PTSD is, its symptoms, its severe conditions in globe, some theoritical causes leading PTSD, models' strength and weakness.
This document discusses how neurochemistry plays a role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It explains that trauma activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, causing the release of cortisol and other stress hormones. Prolonged high levels of cortisol and glucocorticoids can negatively impact memory and emotional regulation. Specifically, cortisol may impair memory consolidation and increase the risk of PTSD symptoms like flashbacks, emotional blunting, and depersonalization. Serotonin also plays a role by influencing mood, depression, and emotional regulation, which can impact the development of PTSD. In conclusion, an imbalance of key neurochemicals like cortisol and serotonin, triggered by trauma, can
Physiotherapy plays an important role in mental health as part of a multidisciplinary team using a biopsychosocial model. Several evidence-based interventions are discussed including Norwegian psychomotor physiotherapy, basic body awareness therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical activity, and progressive relaxation training. Effective communication and a strong therapeutic relationship are essential when working with mental health patients. Physiotherapists can help meet patient needs through management of physical comorbidities, a client-centered approach, and promotion of well-being.
Lecture 21: Psychological issues at the end of life Dr.Reem AlSabahAHS_student
This document discusses psychological issues at the end of life from a holistic perspective. It addresses the physical, emotional, social, psychological, and spiritual needs and concerns of dying individuals. Regarding physical needs, it discusses pain management, body image, and finding meaning in illness. Emotionally, it explores common fears, loss/grief, and positive emotions. Socially, it addresses concerns for loved ones and communication patterns. Psychologically, it focuses on maintaining control and contributing to others. Spiritually, it examines religion/spirituality, meaning of life/death, and hope. The document also introduces palliative care and its role in improving quality of life compared to hospice care. Finally, it provides an overview
Recovery- Oriented System of Care ,Motivational Approach , in Substance Use D...احمد البحيري
This document discusses recovery-oriented treatment for substance use disorders. It defines treatment as direct medical interventions, while recovery is a sustained process of change addressing biological, psychological, social, and spiritual disturbances from addiction. Recovery aims to improve quality of life through pursuing abstinence and dealing with cravings. The document outlines motivational interviewing techniques including engaging patients, eliciting change talk, and negotiating plans for change. It emphasizes that recovery requires ongoing care beyond initial medical detoxification.
Community mental health in India has developed over 5 phases since the colonial period:
1) Establishment of lunatic asylums
2) Establishment of mental hospitals in the 1950s
3) Growth of general hospital psychiatry units in the 1960s
4) Extension of care from hospitals to primary health centers and communities in the 1970s
5) Increases in funding and improvements to mental hospitals in the 1990s.
Community mental health aims to promote mental health and reduce mental illness prevalence through primary, secondary and tertiary prevention activities. Nurses play important roles in providing education, screening, early treatment and rehabilitation in the community. Facilities like halfway homes, day treatment programs and self-
This document discusses various psychiatric emergencies that may present to emergency departments. It defines terms like stupor, violence, and suicide. It notes that psychiatric emergencies require immediate intervention to safeguard the patient's life and reduce anxiety. Common emergencies discussed include suicide attempts, violence or aggression, panic attacks, catatonic stupor, and grief reactions. It provides guidance on initial approaches and management of these various psychiatric emergency presentations.
Group 2 Presentation: "Center for the Study of Empathetic Therapy, Education ...mariahmadigan
Dr. Peter Breggin founded the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy, Education & Living in 2010 to promote empathetic, caring approaches to mental health as an alternative to biological psychiatry. The organization aims to raise ethical standards, examine harmful practices, and involve the public in developing more humane therapies. Dr. Breggin has pioneered critiques of biological psychiatry for decades and his new center provides information for professionals and the public on creating empathetic resources for mental health issues. The website offers many resources and details Dr. Breggin's accomplishments in reforming psychiatry through legal cases, publications, and international campaigns against interventions like lobotomies, electroshock therapy, and psychiatric drug dangers.
The document provides an overview of consultation-liaison psychiatry, including basics, common conditions, and management approaches. It defines consultation-liaison psychiatry and its roles in a general hospital setting. Common conditions addressed include delirium, suicide, depression, agitation, and medical issues like hepatic or renal impairment. Management prioritizes identifying and treating underlying causes, coordinating pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, and effective communication with medical teams.
Proposal for Halfway House Facility: in Addiction Rehabilitationاحمد البحيري
The document proposes establishing a halfway house facility for addiction rehabilitation. It defines halfway houses as institutions that help people with disabilities or criminal backgrounds reintegrate into society by teaching independent living skills. The proposed halfway house would provide social, medical, psychiatric and educational services to support substance-dependent residents during their transition from treatment back into the community. The document outlines theoretical models for halfway houses, expected services, initial policies and procedures, staffing requirements, resident assessments, health provisions and more to guide the proposed facility's operations.
The theory of planned behaviour is a model for predicting addictive behaviours. It proposes that intention, which is influenced by attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, directly predicts whether someone will engage in a behaviour. The model can be used to understand addiction processes and develop prevention programs. While it effectively predicts intentions, the theory is less successful at predicting actual behaviour change, especially for difficult behaviours like quitting addiction. It also fails to account for emotional and irrational factors influencing decisions. Different types of interventions target addiction through biological, psychological, and social approaches.
This document provides an overview of the history and foundations of psychiatric mental health nursing. It discusses definitions of mental health and mental illness from organizations like the WHO and APA. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) is introduced as the taxonomy used by mental health professionals for diagnosis. The development of institutions and community mental health in response to developments like psychopharmacology is summarized. Current issues like the high prevalence of mental illness and limitations of treatment access are also outlined.
Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients facing life-limiting illness and their families through pain and symptom management, psychosocial and spiritual support from diagnosis until end of life. It focuses on preventing and relieving suffering through early identification and treatment of pain, and addresses physical, psychosocial and spiritual problems. Palliative care is applicable alongside curative treatments and aims neither to hasten nor postpone death.
Group 2 presentation center for the study of empathetic therapy, education &a...mariahmadigan
Dr. Peter Breggin founded the Center for the Study of Empathic Therapy, Education & Living in 2010 to promote empathetic, caring approaches to mental health as an alternative to biological psychiatry. The organization aims to raise ethical standards, examine dangers of psychiatric drugs/treatments, and develop resources for professionals and the public. Dr. Breggin has made seminal contributions through his decades of work critiquing biological psychiatry and pioneering empathetic therapy. The website serves as an informative hub for the movement, providing access to news, research, events, and testimonials regarding Dr. Breggin's impactful career challenging the psychiatric system.
This document discusses how psychotherapy changes the brain and genes. It explains that cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown through brain imaging to produce similar changes in the brain as medications for conditions like depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Studies have also found that genes influence how responsive children are to psychotherapy for anxiety disorders. Researchers are exploring using biomarkers and genetics to enhance psychotherapy by combining it with drugs or other neurobiological tools.
Addiction psychiatry focuses on evaluating, diagnosing, and treating people suffering from substance use and other addictive disorders. It is a medical subspecialty within psychiatry that has expanded due to growing scientific knowledge about addiction and treatments. Addiction psychiatrists must be certified general psychiatrists who have completed an accredited residency program in addiction psychiatry in order to treat addiction along with any co-occurring psychiatric conditions using medication, psychotherapy, and other methods.
Emergency medicine, psychiatry and the lawSCGH ED CME
The document discusses laws related to emergency psychiatry and involuntary treatment orders. It covers the criteria needed for a referral, including that a medical practitioner or authorized mental health practitioner must reasonably suspect the person needs involuntary treatment or their community treatment order needs changing. It explains the forms and process used for referrals, including providing rights to family members and allowing referrals to be extended or revoked.
Non-pharmacologic interventions for dementia management include activities, environmental modifications, and sensory therapies. While studies on their effectiveness have small sample sizes and varying methods, some interventions like music therapy and bright light therapy have shown benefits for cognition, mood, and behavior. More research is still needed, but non-pharmacologic approaches can be considered due to their safety, low cost, and potential for improving symptoms alone or as an adjunct to medication.
This document discusses anxiety disorders and their symptoms, classification, epidemiology, and treatment. It defines anxiety as a feeling of tension, worry and physical changes. It describes several types of anxiety disorders including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. It provides information on the symptoms, diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment including pharmacological therapies such as SSRIs, TCAs, benzodiazepines, and non-pharmacological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy.
The document discusses a community mental health program (CMHP) that aims to promote mental health and rehabilitate those with mental illness. The CMHP includes inpatient and outpatient services, emergency services, and education/training. It adopts strategies like integrating mental health with primary care and providing tertiary institutions. Welfare agencies assist with emergency care, treatment programs, and aftercare. The CMHP aims to reduce psychological impacts of disasters and strengthen community preparedness and monitoring. However, it faces limitations like shortages of professionals, funding, and coordination between national and community departments.
Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to studying and treating mental disorders such as anxiety disorders, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Treatment options include psychotherapy like cognitive behavioral therapy, psychiatric medication such as antidepressants for depression, anxiolytics for anxiety disorders, mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder, antipsychotics for psychotic disorders, and stimulants for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Journey to posttraumatic stress disorder Sajia Iqbal
Journey to PTSD covers what PTSD is, its symptoms, its severe conditions in globe, some theoritical causes leading PTSD, models' strength and weakness.
This document discusses how neurochemistry plays a role in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It explains that trauma activates the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, causing the release of cortisol and other stress hormones. Prolonged high levels of cortisol and glucocorticoids can negatively impact memory and emotional regulation. Specifically, cortisol may impair memory consolidation and increase the risk of PTSD symptoms like flashbacks, emotional blunting, and depersonalization. Serotonin also plays a role by influencing mood, depression, and emotional regulation, which can impact the development of PTSD. In conclusion, an imbalance of key neurochemicals like cortisol and serotonin, triggered by trauma, can
The document discusses cognitive and neurobiological models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It describes how traumatic experiences can lead to neurochemical sensitization in the brain through increased neurotransmitter release and lowered activation thresholds. This sensitization can cause exaggerated responses to future stressors. The document also discusses how early childhood trauma can disrupt typical cognitive and neurobiological development, potentially leading to long-term impairments. It outlines two common adaptive responses to threat - hyperarousal and dissociation - and notes that males and females may differ in their tendencies towards each. Cognitive factors like rumination, thought suppression, and negative self-evaluations are also proposed to play a role in maintaining PTSD symptoms.
The document discusses the role of neurobiology in understanding PTSD in youth. It describes how chronic stress can impair the HPA axis and dysregulate cortisol secretion, which has been linked to PTSD. Research has found both high and low cortisol levels associated with pediatric PTSD. Brain imaging studies have identified abnormalities in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus related to childhood trauma and PTSD symptoms. Early intervention is important as the developing brain is most plastic during childhood. Psychotherapy may help improve brain function for PTSD by promoting neurogenesis.
This document provides an overview of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) in veterans presented by three experts from Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. It describes the brain regions involved in PTSD, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options. A case study is presented of a veteran diagnosed with PTSD and TBI who experienced intrusive thoughts, nightmares, and social detachment two years after a traumatic brain injury from a mortar explosion during deployment in Iraq.
The document discusses post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and issues facing military veterans post-deployment. It describes the three main symptoms of PTSD as hyperarousal, re-experiencing trauma through flashbacks or nightmares, and avoidance/numbing. With sustained exposure to daily trauma over multiple deployments, the development of PTSD is inevitable. The document also outlines the physiological and psychological effects of PTSD and discusses challenges veterans may face reintegrating into civilian life like relationship issues, dangerous behaviors, and substance abuse. Effective treatment involves psychoeducation, teaching coping strategies, and gradually retelling traumatic experiences.
Traumatic Brain Injury occurs when sudden trauma damages the brain through bleeding, bruising or tearing of nerves. Common causes include car, motorcycle or bicycle accidents, falls, violence, explosions or abuse. Symptoms vary but may include unconsciousness, headaches, vomiting, dizziness, seizures, weakness or speech/memory problems. Doctors assess severity using scales like the Glascow Coma Scale and perform tests like CT/MRI scans and intracranial pressure monitors. Treatment focuses on reducing swelling through medications, therapy, and sometimes surgery while rehabilitation addresses physical, occupational and speech therapy which may continue for months or years. Prevention emphasizes seatbelt/helmet use and avoiding falls or substance abuse. TBI affects patients and
1) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is caused by exposure to highly stressful or dangerous events and symptoms must last over a month.
2) It has been referred to by different names in different eras reflecting traumatic events of those times like shell shock or combat stress syndrome.
3) PTSD is associated with changes in neurobiology including increased noradrenergic activity and alterations in the hippocampus and amygdala.
4) Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, and increased arousal and anxiety.
The document describes a solar motor that uses solar cells mounted on a rotor to generate electricity and power an armature winding, replacing the need for a field winding. When light strikes the solar cells, they generate a current that energizes the rotor windings and produces a magnetic field. This field interacts with the stator magnets, causing the rotor to turn. As the rotor rotates, different solar cells are exposed to light to power successive windings. The solar motor operates like a DC motor without needing an external power source. It has advantages of being pollution-free, lightweight, low maintenance, and can operate in remote areas.
This document provides a learning report on NHS Change Day 2013, which saw over 189,000 pledges of improvement actions, making it the largest collective action in NHS history. The report is organized into three chapters: the first chapter provides the national story of NHS Change Day, how it came to be, and quantitative results. The second chapter shares stories of specific pledge-makers to illustrate qualitative outcomes. The third chapter analyzes lessons learned from the design and outcomes of NHS Change Day, such as how it unlocked commitment through shared values and distributed leadership. The conclusion summarizes that NHS Change Day demonstrates how new leadership models can flourish in healthcare by embracing both hierarchy and networks.
Looking beyond traditional targeting in mobileShringar Pangal
1. The document discusses new approaches to targeted advertising for driving app downloads beyond traditional methods like location, demographics, and interests.
2. It presents three advanced targeting techniques: retargeting current app users and clickers, modeling and targeting users like high-value customers based on behaviors, and negative targeting to avoid showing ads to satisfied users.
3. The document emphasizes the importance of accurate targeting, avoiding redundant ad exposure through cross-channel user identification, and managing ad fatigue through frequency capping.
This document discusses coding and programming in the new computing curriculum. It covers three main parts: computer science, IT, and digital literacy. Programming fits into the computer science component, where pupils learn computational principles and programming. Unplugged activities and programmable toys can be used in KS1 to develop computational thinking. Formal programming languages like Scratch are introduced in KS2, with examples given of possible Scratch activities and apps to supplement teaching. Questions are invited at the end.
The document discusses teaching portfolios and e-portfolios for professional development. It defines a teaching portfolio as a living document that records achievements and allows for reflection and professional growth over time. An e-portfolio offers advantages over a paper portfolio by providing easy access, sharing, and updating through a digital format that can include multimedia. The document provides an example e-portfolio website and references for further information on using portfolios for professional development.
This document summarizes a workshop for IT staff at the International Potato Center (CIP) on using barcodes and the GRIN-Global system. It discusses CIP's genebank environment and operations, the components of CIP's barcode kit including mobile devices and labels, various use cases for barcodes in different genebank activities, and the evolution and current status of CIP's barcode infrastructure. The overall goal is to improve data collection and tracking of genetic resources using automated identification and mobile computing technologies.
The document discusses the management of acute stress disorder. It begins by presenting a case of a student experiencing symptoms of acute stress disorder including body aches, fatigue, indigestion, decreased sleep and concentration. It then provides the diagnostic criteria for acute stress disorder, risk factors, and empirically supported intervention strategies including psychological first aid, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacologic management. It stresses monitoring patients and referring those with prolonged reactions affecting daily life.
This document summarizes information from a presentation on social determinants of health and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It discusses components of health, definitions of mental health and PTSD from WHO, and potential causes of PTSD like domestic violence, natural disasters, war, and media exposure to violence. It also outlines treatments for PTSD and barriers to mental healthcare after war. Key findings from several studies on topics like workplace harassment, discrimination, domestic violence, and effects of disasters on children and communities are summarized as well.
This document provides an overview of a 6-week training series on integrating a trauma-informed approach in behavioral health settings. The training covers understanding the impact of trauma, its effects across the lifespan and on the body and brain, and implementing a trauma-informed care approach. Key topics include the prevalence and types of trauma, common trauma responses, PTSD diagnosis, and dissociation. The training emphasizes creating a culture of trauma-informed care through organizational policies, staff training, and identifying and appropriately serving trauma survivors.
Psychological first aid (pfa) in disasterSaleh Uddin
Weekly journal club topic presentatio of department of Psychiatry. Bangladesh is disaster prone country. Disaster psychiatry is very relevant here. Hope this ppt will provide mental health professional a little idea about PFA , disaster psychiatry and disaster management.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can develop after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event that involved threat of death or serious injury. Symptoms include intrusive memories of the event, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, increased anxiety and emotional arousal. Treatment options include psychotherapy, support groups, relaxation training, physical activity, and medication in severe cases. Improving mental health services and increasing resources for patients are important to provide proper treatment and support.
Rajwant Kaur has over 7 years of experience working in psychiatric nursing. She received her BSc in Nursing in 2009 and Masters in Psychiatric Nursing in 2012. Currently, she is pursuing her PhD in Nursing from Maharishi Markandeshwar University in India. She is working as an Assistant Professor and her research interests include geriatric nursing, adolescent health, and childhood mental disorders. She has organized many continuing education programs and conferences and has published research articles at the national level.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Acute Stress Disorder are anxiety disorders that can develop after exposure to a traumatic or stressful event. Symptoms include re-experiencing the traumatic event through flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative changes in mood and cognition, and hyperarousal. Treatment involves psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy with SSRIs. Adjustment disorders also involve emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to a stressor but generally have a better prognosis with most patients recovering within 3 months.
This document provides an overview of natural disasters, specifically cyclones, in Bangladesh and their impact on mental health. It discusses how Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to cyclones due to its location and geography. Several major cyclones from the past are described that caused widespread damage. The document examines how cyclones can affect mental health, with children and women often more vulnerable. It notes a shortage of mental health professionals in Bangladesh to address disaster-related psychological issues. The conclusion recommends developing a strong mental health policy for disaster management with collaboration between government, NGOs, and international organizations.
question 1The goal of the Six Sigma program is to achieve a leve.docxIRESH3
question 1
The goal of the Six Sigma program is to achieve a level of quality that is as close to perfection as possible. Sigma is actually a statistical term used to gauge how far a process deviates from perfection. Explain how the disciplines within Six Sigma can improve hospital efficiency and hospital profitability?
question 2
What is your personal definition of continuous quality improvement? How would you relate this definition to operations in a health care organization? How do we try to build new methods of practicing based on profound knowledge, most of which already is tacit in the organization, as well as the new knowledge that the CQI process generates?
question 3
What is the value of supply chain management? How does supply chain management impact the financial position of an organization?
question 4
Why would an organization need to measure the capacity (throughput) of the various resources (x-ray equipment, exam rooms, length of stay, etc.)? How does capacity management support decision-making?
Assignment 1
For this assignment, you are required to write a research paper (4-6 pages) on methods of quality measurement. Your paper must include the following:
1) Detailed summary of at least two different methods of quality measurement.
2) Examples of how the methods may be used to improve organizational effectiveness.
3) Evaluation of the methods.
4) At least four references.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
Assignment 2
For this assignment, you are required to write a reflection and self-evaluation of your understanding of health care business analyses. Your assignment should include a discussion of the following:
1) A summary of your understanding of health care business analyses: In your own words, why is it important? What does it entail?
2) What was the most significant concept you learned during the course? How did the course assignments assist in your understanding of this concept?
3) What questions do you still have about health care business analyses? Was there anything else you were expecting to learn that the course did not cover?
4) How would you rate your overall understanding of health care business analyses? What steps do you plan on taking to increase your knowledge and understanding?
PTSD
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a biopsychological condition associated with very stressful or life-threatening events such as abuse, rape, violence, military combat, severe accidents, and natural disasters. Symptoms include having intrusive thoughts about or reliving the event(s), withdrawing from others, and experiencing anxiety or hyperarousal for weeks or months following the event(s). People with PTSD may turn to drugs or alcohol to help them cope, they may exhibit signs of depression, their relationships may deteriorate, and they may manifest physical symptoms.
PTSD has been studied intensiv ...
directly affects cancer outcomes, some data do suggest
that patients can develop a sense of helplessness
or hopelessness when stress becomes overwhelming.
This response is associated with higher rates of death,
although the mechanism for this outcome is unclear.
It may be that people who feel helpless or hopeless
do not seek treatment when they become ill, give up
prematurely on or fail to adhere to potentially helpful
therapy, engage in risky behaviors such as drug use, or
do not maintain a healthy lifestyle, resulting in premature
death.
This document summarizes a presentation about PTSD given to veterans. It discusses the epidemiology and symptoms of PTSD, including the criteria for diagnosis and common symptom clusters. Treatment options are also reviewed, including evidence-based psychotherapy and medication approaches. A variety of resources available to veterans with PTSD are presented, such as websites, apps, and VA services that provide education, treatment referrals, and crisis support. The goal is to increase understanding of PTSD and how best to support veterans who may be experiencing this condition.
This document discusses disaster behavioral health and the role of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Disaster Technical Assistance Center (SAMHSA DTAC). It provides an overview of SAMHSA DTAC services including consultation, training, resources and communications. The webinar covers disaster behavioral health concepts, basic actions responders can take to support survivors, identifying those needing referral for assessment, and a first responder's perspective on applying these concepts.
Brain Injury and Mental Illness: Symptom OverlapJulie Fronk
On June 28, 2016, Amy Daniel from Bridges: Northern Kentucky Brain Injury Support Group spoke about the relationship between Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and mental disorders. TBI can lead to mood, personality and behavioral changes. Individuals suffering from TBI are also at a higher risk of experiencing psychiatric problems such as depression and anxiety and are at a higher risk of inflicting acts of violence, abuse and neglect. Unfortunately, mental health intervention is often lacking in long-term treatment for TBI and vice versa.
To combat this problem, Bridges and NAMI NKY (National Alliance on Mental Illness) advocate an understanding that TBI is serious. Diagnosis and determination of medical treatment should include psychiatric evaluation. Follow through and follow up of treatment is also vital.
For more information about TBI and Bridges, visit http://www.bridgesnky.org/.
This document discusses trauma-informed care for forensic clients at Fulton State Hospital. It provides information on the hospital's clients, which include those deemed incompetent to stand trial or not guilty by reason of insanity. It also describes the hospital's security levels and treatment programs. The document discusses how trauma is prevalent among clients, especially those with disabilities or mental illness, and explains the neurological and social effects of trauma. It emphasizes the importance of trauma-informed care and providing a safe environment to avoid re-traumatization. It recommends treating trauma as a universal precaution, developing specific trauma treatment plans, and training staff to engage compassionately with clients.
This document discusses the treatment of a veteran with PTSD using exposure therapy delivered via telehealth. It provides background on PTSD and exposure therapy. The veteran was diagnosed with PTSD and alcohol dependence related to his combat experiences in Iraq. He underwent 11 weekly sessions of exposure therapy targeting traumatic memories and avoided situations. Exposure techniques included imaginal, in vivo, and interoceptive exposure. The veteran showed reductions in PTSD and alcohol use symptoms over the course of treatment.
PTSD in student veterans can manifest in various ways and have significant impacts. It is important to be aware of signs and symptoms of PTSD including re-experiencing, avoidance, numbness, and hyperarousal. Instructors and student services personnel should provide accommodations such as allowing breaks, extending deadlines, and reducing distractions to support students in managing their PTSD symptoms. Creating an environment of understanding and support is crucial for student veterans' success.
"Reintegrating Returning Warriors and The Subtleties of PTSD: Practice, Research and Policy"
by Col Jeffrey Yarvis, Chief of Soldier Behavioral Health Service, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Washington DC
This document discusses the rationale for developing trauma-informed service systems. It begins by defining psychological trauma and reviewing research showing high rates of trauma in vulnerable populations. Trauma affects brain development and can cause lasting negative impacts. The document advocates for a universal precautions approach and trauma-informed care across organizations, rather than just trauma-specific treatment. It outlines 12 criteria for building trauma-informed mental health systems, such as having trauma-focused policies, training staff, and involving trauma survivors. The goal is to minimize re-traumatization and promote healing.
This document provides an overview of understanding psychological injuries in the workplace. It defines psychological injury as a diagnosable mental illness that can disrupt ability to work. Common causes of workplace psychological injuries include heavy workloads, shift work, and poor management styles. Psychological injuries are diagnosed using systems like DSM-5 and ICD-10 and common conditions include adjustment disorder, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. Substance use can also impact mental health. Managing psychological injuries requires collaboration between the worker, employer, treating practitioner, and case manager to support treatment and return to work.
The Psychological Changes of Horticultura Therapy Intervention for Elderly Women of Earthquake-Related Areas
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Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
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THE SPECIAL SENCES- Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound...Nursing Mastery
Title: Unlocking the Wonders of the Special Senses: Sight, Sound, Smell, Taste, and Balance
Introduction:
Welcome to our captivating SlideShare presentation on the Special Senses, where we delve into the extraordinary capabilities that allow us to perceive and interact with the world around us. Join us on a sensory journey as we explore the intricate structures and functions of sight, sound, smell, taste, and balance.
The special senses are our primary means of experiencing and interpreting the environment, each sense providing unique and vital information that shapes our perceptions and responses. These senses are facilitated by highly specialized organs and complex neural pathways, enabling us to see a vibrant sunset, hear a symphony, savor a delicious meal, detect a fragrant flower, and maintain our equilibrium.
In this presentation, we will:
Visual System (Sight): Dive into the anatomy and physiology of the eye, exploring how light is converted into electrical signals and processed by the brain to create the images we see. Understand common vision disorders and the mechanisms behind corrective measures like glasses and contact lenses.
Auditory System (Hearing): Examine the structures of the ear and the process of sound wave transduction, from the outer ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve. Learn about hearing loss, auditory processing, and the advances in hearing aid technology.
Olfactory System (Smell): Discover the olfactory receptors and pathways that enable the detection of thousands of different odors. Explore the connection between smell and memory and the impact of olfactory disorders on quality of life.
Gustatory System (Taste): Uncover the taste buds and the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami. Delve into the interplay between taste and smell and the factors influencing our food preferences and eating habits.
Vestibular System (Balance): Investigate the inner ear structures responsible for balance and spatial orientation. Understand how the vestibular system helps maintain posture and coordination, and explore common vestibular disorders and their effects.
Through engaging visuals, interactive diagrams, and insightful explanations, we aim to illuminate the complexities of the special senses and their profound impact on our daily lives. Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about how we perceive the world, this presentation will provide valuable insights into the remarkable capabilities of the human sensory system.
Join us as we unlock the wonders of the special senses and gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate mechanisms that allow us to experience the richness of our environment.
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
Cyclothymia Test: Diagnosing, Symptoms, Treatment, and Impact | The Lifescien...The Lifesciences Magazine
The cyclothymia test is a pivotal tool in the diagnostic process. It helps clinicians assess the presence and severity of symptoms associated with cyclothymia.
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Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near YouNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Healthaghedogodday
This is a presentation on the overview of the role of monitoring and evaluation in public health. It describes the various components and how a robust M&E system can possitively impact the results or effectiveness of a public health intervention.
Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric n...rightmanforbloodline
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
Solution manual for managerial accounting 18th edition by ray garrison eric noreen and peter brewer_compressed
1. Disaster Mental Health in Myanmar;
Everyday life with PTSD
San San Oo
Student of Course a Class ; Understanding the Brain:
Neurobiology in everyday life by Professor Peggy Mason,
University of Chicago
2. PTSD; Understanding the Brain ,Neurobiology in everyday life by
Professor Peggy Mason, University of Chicago on Course a
• Problem with Overwhelming and Debilitating state where triggered
Emotional memories of traumatic event are working in re exposure
to the sensory environment with details in reminders
• Highly charged situations of much imp actual to life are stored in
memory bank because emotion facilitates memory formation
• Body and Brain work best together in the response; Aroused/
exercised Body responses to fright, flight and react and emotional
type of memories
• It can be helped out via Beta blockers ; sympathetic suppression
settled down the body through which new memory is consolidated
– non emotional experience- and less evocative of emotional
reactions are formed
3. PTSD; Understanding the Brain ,Neurobiology in everyday life i
by Professor Peggy Mason, University of Chicago on Course a
• It can be helped out via Beta blockers ; sympathetic
suppression settled down the body through which new
memory is consolidated – non emotional experience- and
less evocative of emotional reactions are formed
• Can recall the event without much emotions
• Promise for a lot of people for helping them from PTSD
• Unfortunately A lot of Trauma in the world
4. Traumatic Stress effects Brain and Nervous
System
• Bremner JD Departments of Diagnostic Radiology and
Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Psychiatric
Institute, Yale/VA PET Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry [1999, 4(4):249-255];
Two brain areas that have been consistently implicated in PTSD
include the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
The Effect of PTSD on the Brain;The Size of the Hippocampus
Differs Between People With and Without PTSD
By Matthew Tull, PhDUpdated May 30, 2014
5. The neuroscience of PTSD/ The brain and PTSD
• how memory processing and the brain matters in relation to trauma and
post traumatic stress disorder. Fight, flight, freeze and shutdown:
http://www.youtube.com/user/Integrati... With trauma and PTSD
specialist Dr Shoshana Garfield, based in Brighton UK:
http://shoshanagarfield.com/
• Scientists Reveal Brain Circuitry Involved in Post Traumatic Stress and
Related Disorders;
psychiatry.yale.edu/research/programs/clinical.../ptsd.asp...Yale
University,10/14/2012
• PTSD Documentary; http://youtu.be/JBUjLXtedfc
•
6. Scientists Reveal Brain Circuitry Involved in Post Traumatic Stress and
Related Disorders;
• psychiatry.yale.edu/research/programs/clinical.../ptsd.asp...Yale
University,10/14/2012;
Other recent findings discussed show: How exposure to stress
causes molecular changes that weaken the ability of the prefrontal
cortex to regulate behavior, thought, and emotion, while
strengthening more primitive brain circuits (Amy Arnsten, PhD,
abstract 310, see attached speaker summary).
• “New methods for looking deep into the brain are revealing a
dynamic landscape that changes as it must to cope with
trauma,” said press conference moderator Sheena Josselyn, PhD,
from the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto,
Ontario, an expert on the neural basis of brain function. “The more
we learn about those changes, and how
experiences remodel the brain, the more tools we will acquire for
treating disorders that affect millions of people.”
7. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
• Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur
after someone goes through a traumatic event
like combat, assault, or disaster. Most people
have some stress reactions after a trauma. If
the reactions don't go away over time or
disrupt your life, you may have PTSD.
National Center for PTSD
8. Complications of Untreated PTSD
• Psychiatric disorder caused by exposure to
preceding Traumatic Event
Destructive to self THOUGHT,ACTION AND
BEHAVIOR – violence, aggression, arguments and
also to family – uncomfortable to life threatening
• Relationship problems, Jobless,
• Anxiety and depression
• Alcohol and drug abuse
• Can not cope with daily life/function well.
9. PTSD CONTD’
• Can affect Anyone no matter the age, sex ,or
age of a person
• Common Traumas – Military combat
experiences, Natural Disaster, Violence,
Physical Abuse, Rape, Unexpected Accidents,
Witnessing a death, Childhood neglect
experiences, Traumatic event on a job.
• (http://ptsdtreatment help.com)
10. Disasters and Mental Health Care in
Myanmar
• Natural Disaster – Earth Quakes, Landslides,
Floods, Tsunami, Cyclones ( In 2008, on 2nd May
Cyclone Nagis killed 14,0000 people ),etc.
• Manmade Disasters – Wars on minorities over 50
years, Massacre, Violence and Crimes, RTA, HIV
etc.
• Post Disaster mental health care – 1 year plan
after Nagis Cyclone on 2nd May, 2008 :Delivery of
psycho social services after Disaster
11. The report BY John Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health School
Center for Public Health and Human Rights
• The response to Cyclone Nargis on the part of Burma’s ruling
junta, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), was
profoundly affected by the junta’s policies, its practices
toward its citizens generally, and by the political imperatives
of the junta’s referendum priorities.
• , After the Storm: Voices from the Delta, reveals systematic
obstruction of relief aid, willful acts of theft and sale of relief
supplies, forced relocation, and the use of forced labor for
reconstruction projects, including forced child labor. The slow
distribution of aid, the push to hold the referendum vote, and
the early refusal to accept foreign assistance are evidence of
the junta’s primary concerns for regime survival and political
control over the well-being of the Burmese people.
12. Disaster mental health care after Nagis cyclone
• .Withintheexistingsocio-politicalcon-straints, . The disaster hada
severe impact on more than 2.4 million people, mostly in the Delta
region (Post-Nargis Recovery and Preparedness Plan,2008).
• Post-Nargis Recovery and Prepa-redness Plan (PONREPP, 2008),
report that 23% of the respondents had a family mem-ber with
psychological problems associatedwith the Nargis cyclone. Of these,
only 11%reported having received treatment.
• PONREP reports that 7% of the householdsreported at least one
deceased family mem-ber. Save the Children also reported
thatteachers and children had di⁄culties toconcentrating since the
cyclone. (IRIN,2008). Other NGOs, such as Me¤dicines
SansFrontie'res, highlighted the need for psycho-logical assistance
in Burma/Myanmar
• (Me¤dicines Sans Frontie'res (MSF), 200
13. Mental Health problems after Nagis cyclone
• Acute severe Stress
Reactions to Trauma
• Anxiety, Fears
• Depression
• PTSD
• Chronic Stress
• Alcohol problems
• Hopelessness, Insomnia
• Poverty
14. Post Disaster Mental Health Care
Coverage under the regieme
• 1 year plan
• Loaded tasks in Basic health staffs
as affected communities / limited
mental health infrastructure and
limited formal mental health
training
• Scarce mental health
professionals/ Resources
• Details screening in mental health
problems not done
• Large population affected in large
area.
• Long run follow up not done.
• Limited research
• No access in far areas
15. Research in Disaster Mental Health
with Burmese people
• Very Limited
• 50% Survivors affected
from severe
Psychosocial Distress ;
2008, 6 months after
Nagis studied among
more than 4200
survivors( Post
Disaster Mental Health Care
project - Myanmar)
16. Research in Disaster Mental Health on PTSD
• 20% - 30% Population of severely
affected areas ( Bogalay, Labutta)
suffered PTSD, 5 Years after Nagis in
2013 ( Psychological sufferings of
Nagis cyclone survivors – Khin Myo
Htut and San San Oo at al, Paper
No;0608, ICEPS2014, Taipei)
• In severely affected area ( Labutta)
8.5 % survivors suffered severe
depression 5 Years after Nagis in
2013 ( Complex Trauma and PTSD
among Nagis survivors - Khin Myo
Htut and San San Oo at al, Paper
No;0608, ICEPS2014, Taipei)
• Mental health care received – not
established
• More than 50% reduction in daily
income as poverty
17. Research in Disaster Mental Health-POST TRAUMATIC STRESS-
with Burmese people
• Pilot randomized controlled trial of Common Element
Treatments Treatment Approach ( 150 Treatment group /126
wait control group) amounts adults from Burma living in the
Thailand found high level of Post traumatic symptoms and
depressive symptoms, with CETA significantly reducing the
symptoms of both in treatment group.
(Cite: A Common Elements Treatment Approach for Adult
Mental Health Problems in Low – and Middle Income
Countries – John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health)
18. Challenging Dilemma
• Resiliency as thought of
main stream
• Survivors suffered much
in their diversities
• Trauma is seriously and
severely enough
• ?PTSD is the case in
Myanmar
• ? PTSD is common
19. Lessons learnt
• Disaster Mental Health
Care and Traumatic
Stress study has been
still underway as
contemporary issue
• Mental Health Care
outreach in affected
communities is needed
• . Mental health policy
should favor disaster
mental health care
20. Thoughts on Trauma/PTSD
• Dr Terry Keane, Director in Behavior Science Division, National Center for PTSD,
U.S – ‘Long poverty after disaster could account for Complex PTSD’
• Ex -Professor and Ex - Post Disaster Mental Health Project Manager ( Myanmar,
2008)- ‘ Resiliency is the key factor in the individual to affect the mental health’.
• Saw Thet Htun, Deputy Chief Counselor( John Hop kin University) and ex political
prisoner – ‘We live in trauma society’, ‘ I lost my one own eye in prison. I thought
traumatic Stress was needed to study well’.
• Daw Aye Than ,65, a cyclone Nagis survivor from Bogalay, Delta, Myanmar – ‘Next
time if Cyclone comes, I’ll wear the stalking, so that I would not stay naked, and
chilled for 2 days ( she showed a pair of second hand - trousers she bought street
side), I have been feeling still shocked’.
• The woman survivor, 45, said’ I never forget how I met that killing cyclone. I felt
very bad and frightened just after I noticed I survived as being naked, starved,
thirsty among the widespread dead bodies around, I covered my lower part with a
plastic piece I found nearby and walked past across the deserted land’
21. Voices on Trauma and PTSD
’’ I felt very painful and shocked and tried to avoid that memories but I have
been with intrusions all time, I cannot concentrate well on anniversary
funeral and daily routines, Life is very painful and no more happiness in
this farm here’; the survivor, 54,said 5 years aftermath.
. 5 years aftermath the Nagis survivor, the wife of a local fisherman said in
her tears and sobbing during her sales on her dried fish;’ I wish to find out
my younger brother, he left away in the days of deliberate suffers from our
both parents and siblings loss in Nagis, I have been left alone here busy all
day for food but I want to find out where he has been and see him’.
‘ I found my 1 year old boy survived and still breathed but he looked pale and
chilled and thirsty and I was trying to find out water but no one and water
was around there, I embraced him tight and walked around and gradually
he stopped breathing.’ the survivor, 25,recalled painfully 5 years after
math.
22. To the Better understanding of others
and life
THANK
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