This document discusses diarrhea disease. It begins with an introduction that defines diarrhea as having loose or watery stools three or more times in a 24-hour period, usually due to bacteria, viruses, or parasites. It then describes the types of diarrhea as acute, resolving in a few days, or chronic, lasting over 4 weeks. Chronic diarrhea can be caused by dietary intolerances, medications, IBS, IBD, or other conditions. Causes, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diarrhea are explained. Prevention emphasizes drinking clean water, hygiene, sanitation, and education. Treatment focuses on rehydration and addressing the underlying cause.

1. Diarrhea Disease
Duhok polytechnic University
Technical college for health and
Medical Science/Shekhan
Nursing Department
second semester/ second Stage
Academic year 2023-2024
Prepared by:
Honar Nzar Jaafer
Khald Rajab Haji
Hiwer Walid Muhammad
Supervised by:
Dr . Bizav Naji Rasheed

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Content:
İntroduction:
Types of diarrhea:
Chronic conditions :
What causes diarrhea :
Symptomes of diarrhea:
Diagnosis of diarrhea:
Preventation of diarrhea:
Treatment of diarrhea :
Complication :
Refferencess:

3. 3
Introduction:
According to World Health Organization ,Diarrhea
ischaracterized by abnormally loose or watery
stools for three or more times during a 24-hour
period . Most cases of diarrhea are due to bacteria,
viruses, or parasites.

4. Types Of Diarrhea:
 Acute diarrhoea is a common
condition that is usually due to
infection, and usually resolves on
its own after a few days.
 Chronic diarrhoea is diarrhoea
that lasts beyond 4 weeks, and
usually requires active
management to resolve. Although
it can also be due to infections, it
may be caused by a variety of
chronic conditions.
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5. Chronic condition including:
 Dietary intolerances such as lactose intolerance
 Side effects of various medications
 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
 Psychiatric disorders such as anxiety
 Cancer including bowel cancer
 Previous bowel treatment including surgery and radiotherapy
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6. causes of diarrhea
 Infection by bacteria or parasite
 viral gastroenteritis
 Eating foods that upset the digestive system(Fried Foods).
 Allergies and intolerances to certain foods (Celiac
disease or lactose intolerance).
 Medications.
 Radiation therapy.
 Malabsorption of food (poor absorption).
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7. Signs and symptoms
▫ Abdominal cramps or pain
▫ Bloating
▫ Nausea
▫ Vomiting
▫ Fever
▫ Blood in the stool
▫ Urgent need to have a bowel movement
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8. Complication :
▫ Lack of fluid (dehydration) and salt (electrolyte) imbalance in your body
▫ Spread of infection to other parts of your body such as your bones.
▫ Irritable bowel syndrome is sometimes triggered by a bout of infectious diarrhoea
▫ Lactose intolerance can some times occurfor a period of time after infectious diarrhoea.
▫ Reduced effectiveness of some medicines
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Diagnosis:
When diagnosing the cause of diarrhea, a doctor will
ask about the person’s symptoms and:
 Any current medications they take
 Their past medical history
 Their family history
 Their travel history
 Any other medical conditions they have

10. Preventation:
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Drinking clean and
safe water only.
Having good hygiene
practices, such as regularly
washing the hands with
soap. .
Having good
sanitation systems,
such as wastewater
and sewage.
Educating oneself
on the spread of
infection.
Never forget that
preventation better
than cure.

11. Treatment:
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Antibiotics
Fluid
replacement
Medication
adjustments
Dietary
changes
Anti-
diarrheal
medications
Treatment can be focused on diarrhea itself as well as the cause of the problem. Once the cause has
been diagnosed, treatments can be more focused and are likely to be more effective. If there is no
known cause, diarrhea itself becomes the focus. Some of the most common treatments used for
patients with diarrhea include:

12. Refferencess:
▫ https://patient.info/digestive-health/diarrhoea
▫ https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4108-diarrhea
▫ https://www.healthline.com/health/diarrhea
▫ https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158634
▫ https://dcp-3.org/sites/default/files/dcp2/DCP19.pdf
▫ https://academic.oup.com/bmb/article-pdf/54/2/407/6703730/54-2-407.pdf
▫ https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/health/ephti/library/modules/degree/mod_diar_disease
_final.pdf
▫ https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/pdf/global/programs/globaldiarrhea508c.pdf
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Thanks!
Any questions?