Devika
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The document discusses sulpha drugs, which are derivatives of p-aminobenzene sulphonamides that possess antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Sulpha drugs show less resistance compared to other antibiotics and are capable of attaining high plasma concentrations for long durations, requiring less frequent dosing. They are inexpensive and offer easy administration. The document covers the general mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, classification, adverse effects and uses of sulpha drugs.
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Prescription drug abuse refers to taking medications without a valid prescription or taking them in a manner not intended by the prescriber. Commonly abused prescription drugs
Ppt k.sandhya.
The document discusses drug excretion from the body. It states that excretion is the removal of drugs and metabolites from the internal to external environment. The major organs involved in excretion are the kidneys, lungs, biliary system, intestines, saliva, and milk. Renal excretion through the kidneys is a primary pathway and involves glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, and tubular reabsorption. Other routes of excretion include biliary excretion into the feces, pulmonary excretion through exhaled air, and excretion in sweat, saliva, and breast milk. The document provides details on the mechanisms and clinical implications of these various excretion pathways.
protein binding of drugs
This document discusses protein binding of drugs. It begins by introducing that drugs interact with proteins in the blood and tissues, forming complexes. It then discusses several key points:
- The mechanism of protein binding involves weak bonds like hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Binding occurs to both blood components and extravascular tissues.
- The main blood component drugs bind to is plasma proteins, especially albumin. Other proteins like alpha1-glycoprotein also bind drugs.
- Factors that affect binding include the drug's physicochemical properties, its concentration, and its affinity for binding components.
- Protein binding impacts drug absorption, distribution, and other pharmacokinetic properties. It is an important consideration for drug interactions and
Preethi
The document discusses antifungal agents. It classifies antifungals into several categories including polyenes, azoles, allylamines, and others. Azoles are further broken down into imidazoles and triazoles. Fluconazole is provided as an example azole antifungal. It discusses the mechanism of action of azoles in inhibiting ergosterol synthesis. Adverse effects include nausea and increased liver enzymes. Therapeutic uses include treating fungal infections like candidiasis and cryptococcal meningitis.
G.deeksha ppt final 1 (2)
Physiological factors that influence drug absorption include age, gastric emptying rate, intestinal transit time, diseases, blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal contents, and pre-systemic metabolism. Drug absorption depends on the movement of the unchanged drug from the site of administration into systemic circulation. It can be affected by factors like age, which impacts gastric acid levels and blood flow. Gastric emptying rate and intestinal transit time determine how quickly a drug enters the small intestine where most absorption occurs. Diseases of the GI tract can impact drug metabolism and permeability. Blood flow is important for removing the drug and maintaining absorption. Food in the GI tract and pre-systemic metabolism in the liver can impact bioavailability.
Ashish(qsar)
This document discusses quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) parameters that are used to develop mathematical models relating a compound's molecular properties to its biological activity. It describes three main types of QSAR parameters: lipophilic parameters like partition coefficient and molar refractivity, electronic parameters like the Hammett constant, and steric parameters such as Taft's steric factor and Verloop steric parameter. Lipophilicity parameters measure a compound's affinity for lipid versus aqueous phases, while electronic and steric parameters account for effects of substituents on properties like ionization, polarity, and molecular bulkiness that influence biological interactions. Developing relationships between activity and these physicochemical parameters allows evaluation and design of new drug candidates.
Shadgun(anti viral drugs)
1) The document discusses anti-viral drugs, their mechanisms of action, and examples such as acyclovir and zidovudine.
2) Acyclovir is activated in virus-infected cells and inhibits viral DNA polymerase or incorporates into viral DNA to stop replication. It treats herpes infections.
3) Zidovudine is phosphorylated in infected cells and competes with nucleosides to stop viral DNA elongation. It treats HIV/AIDS infections.
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- 1. SULPHA DRUGS Dept. of Medicinal chemistry SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY Sheriguda, Ibrahimpatnam PRESENTED BY AADI DEVIKA 16U21R0046 Under the guidance of Asst.Professor Ms.G.Nikitha SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 1
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction General mechanism of action SAR Adverse effects Classification Uses SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 2
- 3. INTRODUCTION Sulphonamides , a class of bacteriostatic agents are derivatives of p- aminobenzene sulphonamides which possess antibacterial activity both gram+ve and gram-ve bacteria. Sulphonamides show less resistance when compared to other antibiotics like pencillins,cephalosporins etc. As these drugs are capable of attaining high concentration in plasma for long duration hence frequent dosing is not required. They are inexpensive and offer easy administration. SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 3
- 4. MECHANISM OF ACTION SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 4
- 5. SAR OF SULFONAMIDES SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 5
- 6. CLASSIFICATION SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 6
- 7. STRUCTURES SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 7
- 8. Sulphadiazine It is ashort acting sulphonamide. It is prepared by condensing 2 amino pyrimidine with p acetamido benzene sulphonyl chloride and hydrolysing obtained product with an alkali. SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 8
- 9. PROPERTIES White/yellow crystalline powder Sparingly soluble in water but freely soluble in dilute mineral oils and in solutions of hyrdoxide &KOH and in ammonia water. SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 9
- 10. ADVERSE EFFECTS SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 10
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- 12. SREE DATTHA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY 12