The document discusses preliminary findings from a study on treating textile wastewater using electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes. Key findings include:
- Over 77% COD removal was achieved after 50 minutes of EC treatment at pH 6 and a voltage of 6.98. COD levels decreased from 558 mg/L to 282 mg/L.
- EF treatment for 50 minutes at pH 3 resulted in a COD reduction from 1210 mg/L to 948 mg/L.
- Combining EF and EC processes provided better COD removal than either process alone.
The document discusses various aspects of electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for treating textile wastewater:
- EF involves generating hydroxyl radicals electrochemically to degrade pollutants, while EC uses an electric current to destabilize contaminants via metal dissolution.
- A hybrid EF+EC process could provide complete degradation of complex pollutants into less toxic forms while reducing energy use. Preliminary findings show the EF+EC combination achieved over 77% COD removal from synthetic textile wastewater.
- Further experiments are planned to optimize conditions like pH, current, electrolysis time and investigate pollutant reductions like COD, color and conductivity. The goal
Hybrid Process for Treatment of textile water using EF-EC.pptxasa791383
The document discusses a hybrid process of electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation treatment for textile wastewater. It provides background on the need for advanced treatment methods for dye manufacturing wastewater. The introduction describes electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes and why their combination may provide benefits like enhanced efficiency, complete degradation of pollutants, and reduced energy consumption. The literature review covers previous research on these processes individually and combined for different wastewaters. Gaps in effectively treating dissolved pollutants and non-biodegradable dyes from textile wastewater are identified. The research objectives are to improve treatment efficiency, biodegradability, energy use, and sludge production while reducing electroly
Distillery Wastewater Decontamination by the Fenton Advanced Oxidation MethodIJRES Journal
This study evaluated the effect of Fenton advanced oxidation process on the treatment of an industrial wastewater (distillery). The comparison of the effects of Fe2+ loadings, H2O2 dosages (2%(v/v)and 4%(v/v)), reaction temperature and reaction time, established optimum efficiency in terms of BOD and COD reductions. The best operating conditions for the treatment of the distillery wastewater containing 43.85 mg/L BOD concentration and 274.28 mg/L COD concentration in the raw effluent was 2% H2O2 dosage at constant loadings of Fe2+ (1.5 g), 80 oC pretreatment temperature, and 1 h reaction time. At this optimized condition, the BOD content reduced to about 35 mg/L (about 21% removal) and COD content reduced to about 53 mg/L (about 81% removal). There was a complete removal of the initial colour present in the wastewater after the treatment process. The process proved the ability to effectively reduce the COD content which when high in industrial wastewaters can lead to serious impacts to the environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Electro-oxidation And Its Feasibility In Wastewater TreatmentSakib Shahriar
Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) used in wastewater treatment. It is also called anodic oxidation. In this presentation, we can learn about the working principle, industrial applications, types of electrodes, and catalysts in the EO process. The advantages and disadvantages are described later. The main advantages of electro-oxidation are the formation of low sludge and large percentages of organic matter degradation. But the main drawbacks occur due to the requirement of large space and expense. EO is used in many types of wastewater treatment. Degradation of methyl orange azo dye in a recirculation flow plant system, treatment of wastewater containing aromatic amines, endocrine disruptors treatment, domestic water, industrial wastewater, synthetic dye effluent, olive mill wastewater, pulp mill wastewater, citric acid wastewater.
An Overview of Phenomenon of BOD and CODIRJET Journal
The document discusses biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are common methods for measuring water quality. BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water over 5 days. COD measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic compounds in water, providing a faster analysis than BOD. Both BOD and COD are important for assessing the organic pollution load of wastewater and the efficiency of treatment plants. While COD correlates well with BOD, it does not distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter. Real-time monitoring of BOD and COD can provide information on pollutant
This document summarizes research on treating wastewater from the cosmetics industry. It finds that cosmetic wastewater contains various organic and inorganic compounds that can be toxic, including surfactants, fragrances, and UV filters. The document reviews different treatment methods studied, finding the best results were achieved using catalytic oxidation which reduced COD by around 80%. The authors' own research found coagulation using FeCl3 at pH 6 and a flocculant reduced COD by 63.9%, while a Fenton process reduced it by 31.1-54.9%. Overall, pretreatment methods like coagulation and advanced oxidation processes can help remove contaminants before biological treatment.
Activation of hydrogen peroxide by chemical reagent to reduce cod in petroche...MOHAMED SAAD BALA
This document discusses reducing COD levels in petrochemical wastewater using hydrogen peroxide activated by two reagents - iron-catalyzed H2O2 (Fenton's reagent) and Al2(SO4)3-catalyzed H2O2. The objective is to compare COD removal efficiency of the two reagents. The methodology involves treating wastewater samples with varying dosages of the reagents and hydrogen peroxide and measuring reductions in COD, pH, and TSS. Results found Fenton's reagent achieved 68-88% removal of COD and TSS, while aluminum reagent showed little to no COD removal.
The document discusses various aspects of electro-Fenton (EF) and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for treating textile wastewater:
- EF involves generating hydroxyl radicals electrochemically to degrade pollutants, while EC uses an electric current to destabilize contaminants via metal dissolution.
- A hybrid EF+EC process could provide complete degradation of complex pollutants into less toxic forms while reducing energy use. Preliminary findings show the EF+EC combination achieved over 77% COD removal from synthetic textile wastewater.
- Further experiments are planned to optimize conditions like pH, current, electrolysis time and investigate pollutant reductions like COD, color and conductivity. The goal
Hybrid Process for Treatment of textile water using EF-EC.pptxasa791383
The document discusses a hybrid process of electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation treatment for textile wastewater. It provides background on the need for advanced treatment methods for dye manufacturing wastewater. The introduction describes electro-Fenton and electrocoagulation processes and why their combination may provide benefits like enhanced efficiency, complete degradation of pollutants, and reduced energy consumption. The literature review covers previous research on these processes individually and combined for different wastewaters. Gaps in effectively treating dissolved pollutants and non-biodegradable dyes from textile wastewater are identified. The research objectives are to improve treatment efficiency, biodegradability, energy use, and sludge production while reducing electroly
Distillery Wastewater Decontamination by the Fenton Advanced Oxidation MethodIJRES Journal
This study evaluated the effect of Fenton advanced oxidation process on the treatment of an industrial wastewater (distillery). The comparison of the effects of Fe2+ loadings, H2O2 dosages (2%(v/v)and 4%(v/v)), reaction temperature and reaction time, established optimum efficiency in terms of BOD and COD reductions. The best operating conditions for the treatment of the distillery wastewater containing 43.85 mg/L BOD concentration and 274.28 mg/L COD concentration in the raw effluent was 2% H2O2 dosage at constant loadings of Fe2+ (1.5 g), 80 oC pretreatment temperature, and 1 h reaction time. At this optimized condition, the BOD content reduced to about 35 mg/L (about 21% removal) and COD content reduced to about 53 mg/L (about 81% removal). There was a complete removal of the initial colour present in the wastewater after the treatment process. The process proved the ability to effectively reduce the COD content which when high in industrial wastewaters can lead to serious impacts to the environment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Electro-oxidation And Its Feasibility In Wastewater TreatmentSakib Shahriar
Electro-oxidation (EO) is one of the advanced oxidation processes (AOP) used in wastewater treatment. It is also called anodic oxidation. In this presentation, we can learn about the working principle, industrial applications, types of electrodes, and catalysts in the EO process. The advantages and disadvantages are described later. The main advantages of electro-oxidation are the formation of low sludge and large percentages of organic matter degradation. But the main drawbacks occur due to the requirement of large space and expense. EO is used in many types of wastewater treatment. Degradation of methyl orange azo dye in a recirculation flow plant system, treatment of wastewater containing aromatic amines, endocrine disruptors treatment, domestic water, industrial wastewater, synthetic dye effluent, olive mill wastewater, pulp mill wastewater, citric acid wastewater.
An Overview of Phenomenon of BOD and CODIRJET Journal
The document discusses biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are common methods for measuring water quality. BOD measures the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material in water over 5 days. COD measures the amount of oxygen required to chemically oxidize organic compounds in water, providing a faster analysis than BOD. Both BOD and COD are important for assessing the organic pollution load of wastewater and the efficiency of treatment plants. While COD correlates well with BOD, it does not distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic matter. Real-time monitoring of BOD and COD can provide information on pollutant
This document summarizes research on treating wastewater from the cosmetics industry. It finds that cosmetic wastewater contains various organic and inorganic compounds that can be toxic, including surfactants, fragrances, and UV filters. The document reviews different treatment methods studied, finding the best results were achieved using catalytic oxidation which reduced COD by around 80%. The authors' own research found coagulation using FeCl3 at pH 6 and a flocculant reduced COD by 63.9%, while a Fenton process reduced it by 31.1-54.9%. Overall, pretreatment methods like coagulation and advanced oxidation processes can help remove contaminants before biological treatment.
Activation of hydrogen peroxide by chemical reagent to reduce cod in petroche...MOHAMED SAAD BALA
This document discusses reducing COD levels in petrochemical wastewater using hydrogen peroxide activated by two reagents - iron-catalyzed H2O2 (Fenton's reagent) and Al2(SO4)3-catalyzed H2O2. The objective is to compare COD removal efficiency of the two reagents. The methodology involves treating wastewater samples with varying dosages of the reagents and hydrogen peroxide and measuring reductions in COD, pH, and TSS. Results found Fenton's reagent achieved 68-88% removal of COD and TSS, while aluminum reagent showed little to no COD removal.
Activation of hydrogen peroxide by chemical reagent to reduce COD in petroche...Universiti Malaysia Pahang
This document discusses reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in petrochemical wastewater. The objective is to reduce COD using hydrogen peroxide activated by two reagents: iron-catalyzed H2O2 (Fenton's reagent) and Al2(SO4)3-catalyzed H2O2. The methodology involves treating wastewater samples with different dosages of the reagents and hydrogen peroxide. Results show Fenton's reagent achieved 68-70% COD removal, while Al2(SO4)3 removal was not effective for COD but achieved up to 55% removal of total suspended solids.
Treatability Study of Leachate by Fenton OxidationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using Fenton oxidation to treat fresh leachate. The researchers determined the optimal conditions for Fenton oxidation through a series of experiments varying pH, ferrous sulfate dosage, hydrogen peroxide dosage, and reaction time. The maximum removal efficiencies achieved were 99.1% for turbidity, 86.3% for hardness, 85.1% for COD, and 99.3% for color under optimal conditions of pH 2.5, 1.5 g/L ferrous sulfate dosage, 3 mL/L hydrogen peroxide dosage, and a 40 minute reaction time. The study demonstrated that Fenton oxidation is an effective and feasible method for treating leachate.
Rapid Determination of Indirect COD and Polyvinyl Alcohol from Textile Desizi...Sandip Magdum
PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) is completely degraded and utilized by non-ubiquitous microorganisms as a sole source of carbon. PVA containing effluent treatments are not preferred because of high cost. PVA causes serious environmental pollution hence the objective of this work was to establish rapid and reliable method for analysis of COD (Chemical oxygen demand) and PVA concentration in textile desizing or any PVA containing effluent. Two indirect methods namely COD by TC (Total carbon) and TOC (Total organic carbon) were compared with COD chemical as standard. The percentage deviation of 0-0.8% PVA was same in both indirect COD by TC and TOC whereas for 1 - 4% PVA it was <10 for COD by TC and 30 to 35 for COD by TOC. Standard deviation range for indirect COD by TC was 600-3000, while indirect COD by TOC was 1500-28000. Indirect COD by TC was found more precise than indirect COD by TOC for PVA containing samples and more rapid than COD chemical. The spectrophotometrically analyzing PVA concentration by iodine method was reconfirmed and absorbance at 690 nm indicates corresponding PVA concentration. TC and iodine methods of analyzing PVA containing effluent were rapid and precise than conventional chemical COD method; these could be useful in the faster pollution detection and environmental protection from PVA.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
Applicability of Fenton Process for Treatment of Industrial Effluents: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Wastewater and effluent treatment has undergone innovative changes over the years. Traditional wastewater treatment has yielded to modern and path-breaking procedures which are more efficient and effective. The world of difficulties and unknown has opened new avenues and paths to highly feasible effluent treatment procedures, so the vigorous importance of advanced oxidation procedures. This review paper will delineate the increasing importance of various advanced oxidation processes including Fenton treatment for wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP’s), which involve and includes the in-situ generation of highly potent chemical oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical, have emerged as an important avenue of technologies to accelerate the non-selective oxidation and thus the destruction of a wide range of non-degradable organic contaminants in wastewater which cannot be eliminated biologically. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are technologies based on the generation of highly reactive species, the hydroxyl radicals, used in oxidative degradation procedures for organic compounds dissolved or dispersed in aquatic media. These processes are promising alternatives for decontamination of media containing dissolved recalcitrant organic substances, which would not be efficiently removed by conventional methods.
This document summarizes research on the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of olive oil mill wastewater over zeolite-based catalysts. The researchers prepared a Cu/13X catalyst by ion exchange and tested its activity and stability for reducing phenolic compounds in wastewater. Characterization showed the ion exchange did not affect zeolite structure but a post-treatment calcination at 1273K decreased surface area and increased copper oxide particles. Testing showed the catalyst reduced total phenols in wastewater by over 80% and TOC by 20% with low copper leaching. The research aims to develop an effective treatment to reduce toxicity of olive oil wastewater before conventional biological processing.
IRJET- Effects of New Era Coagulants on Properties of Industrial Wastewat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using new coagulants like poly aluminium chloride (PAC), aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), and magnesium chloride to treat industrial wastewater. Specifically, it examines their effects on properties like chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and pH levels. The document reviews studies on treating:
1) Textile wastewater containing dyes like reactive black 5, disperse blue, and congo red. Maximum decolorization and COD reduction was achieved using MgCl2/lime or FeSO4/lime.
2) Molasses spent wash from alcohol distilleries. Collective chemical and biological pretreatment methods were studied for decolorizing anaer
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...PranavkumarRana
The study aimed at color removal and COD degradation of
synthetic wastewater of methylene blue dye via photocatalysis using various spinel catalysts
prepared by different methods. The methylene blue dye with strong azo bond with structure
made up of autochrome and chromophore. The Azo dyes are widely used in textile, paper and
leather industries. The present study is essentially related to the degradation of selected
methylene blue and dye from synthetic dye wastewater however it has been extended to actual
industrial effluents. In order to control wastewater pollution due to dyes the UV-Photocatalytic
degradation technology has been carried out by some researchers using spinel catalysts. Spinel
catalysts are oxides with general formula AB2O4 where A and B are the rare earth, A has
octahedral site and B has tetrahedral site. alkaline earth, alkali metals and transition metal
cations which are expected to be able to overcome the limitations of semiconductors as
photocatalysts.
This research article summarizes a study that tested a new wastewater treatment technology called a fluidized immobilized carbon catalytic oxidation (FICCO) reactor. The FICCO reactor uses activated carbon produced from rice husks as a catalyst to remove organic contaminants like COD and BOD from domestic wastewater. Six FICCO reactor models were constructed with triangular sheets at the top to improve catalyst retention. Testing found the optimum catalyst dosage was 12g of rice husk-activated carbon per 620ml of wastewater, achieving 75.6-92.4% COD removal and 74.9-89.5% BOD removal. The FICCO reactor effectively treated organic pollutants and
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document discusses factors to consider when planning an effluent treatment plant (ETP) for a textile dyeing factory. It notes that factories must treat their wastewater to meet national water quality standards before discharging effluent. When planning an ETP, factories should consider the volume and characteristics of their wastewater, available land, costs, and treatment methods that include physical, chemical and biological processes. Common physical processes mentioned are screening, flow equalization, sedimentation and clarification, while chemical and biological processes are also options to treat wastewater depending on the factory's needs and requirements.
Treatment of textile wastewater using electrofenton processIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on using the electrofenton process to treat textile wastewater. The electrofenton process uses iron ions and hydrogen peroxide to generate hydroxyl radicals that can break down organic pollutants in wastewater. The researchers used a Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology to evaluate the effects of pH, iron dosage, current, and electrolysis time on treating synthetic textile wastewater. Their results showed that under optimal conditions, the process could achieve up to 86% removal of chemical oxygen demand and 70% removal of dye from the wastewater.
The document discusses advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) which use hydroxyl radicals to oxidize organic compounds that cannot be degraded through biological or conventional water treatment processes. It describes various AOP technologies that generate hydroxyl radicals including ozone/UV, hydrogen peroxide/UV, Fenton reactions, photocatalysis, and ultrasound-assisted processes. Factors that influence AOP performance such as pH, presence of carbonates or natural organic matter are also summarized.
Hydrogen Gas Production from Tannery Wastewater by Electrocoagulation of a Co...IOSRJAC
The performance of a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process was investigated for tannery wastewater treatment using aluminum and iron electrodes. The effects of the operating parameters, such as current density, pH of solution and inlet flow rate, on pollutants removal efficiency and recovery of hydrogen gas were investigated in order to optimize process performance. In the case of aluminum electrodes, The results showed that for tannery wastewater with an influent pH adjusted at about 6, the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 73, 94, 100 and 51%, respectively. The energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 16% of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. However, in the case of iron electrodes, with effluent pH adjusted at about 7, , the use of a current density of 14 mA/cm2 , and an EC time of 125 min, gave access to pollutants (COD, Color, Cr, and NH3-N) removal efficiency 67, 93, 100 and 46 %, respectively. And also, the energy yield of harvested hydrogen was 15 % of the electrical energy demand of the electrocoagulation process. Thus, the operating costs for two cases were found to be 0.675 $/m3 wastewater. It could be seen that hydrogen gas production coupled with pollutants removal efficiency by EC continuous mode would be an effective approach for energy recovery and wastewater reutilization.
IRJET- A Review on Various Treatment Methods for Treating Pharmaceutical ...IRJET Journal
This document reviews various treatment methods that have been used to treat pharmaceutical wastewater, which can be complex and toxic. It discusses studies that have evaluated treatments like coagulation, Fenton processes, physicochemical treatments, and upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. The document provides an overview of these different treatment methods and summarizes several research papers that have evaluated coagulation combined with Fenton-like processes, ozone treatment, full-scale herbal pharmaceutical wastewater treatment, Fenton-type processes, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors for treating cosmetic wastewater, and other applications of Fenton oxidation for improving biodegradability and removing heavy metals from wastewater.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A critical review on the recent progress in application of electro-Fenton pro...plalak6330
One of the greatest engineering challenges of this century is development of new technologies for removing
emerging hazardous contaminants from water.sources. Electro-Fenton (EF) as one of the most promising ap
proaches of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has received widespread attention for its excellent performance
in the removal of recalcitrant pollutants due to generation of strong oxidizing species like hydroxyl radicals
(•OH). However, the practical application of classical homogeneous EF process is hampered by a narrow pH
range (2–4) and production of sludge at higher pH values. The information obtained so far highlights the need to
enhance the removal efficiency and reduce the reaction time of EF process under neutral pH conditions. Herein,
this review summarizes efficient approaches in recent years (2017–2023) applied in EF system with the aim of
overcoming the low pH implementation barrier, such as application of heterogeneous catalysts in EF process
(HEF), cathode modifications, using chelating agents, and hybridizing the EF with other treatment methods,
including adsorption, membrane, and photo/catalysis. These strategies can accelerate the iron cycle and Fe3+
reduction; therefore, more H2O2 and •OH can be generated. Promoting the H2O2 utilization efficiency can
provide more oxidative species, which leads to higher degradation and mineralization of contaminant. On the
other hand, some strategies by preventing the Fe3+precipitation at higher pH values help the system work in a
wider pH range. In the final section, the challenges of these plans are discussed and perspectives for future
research are proposed to improve the practicability and feasibility of the EF for wastewater treatment.
Keywords:
Neutral pH
Electro-Fenton process
Wastewater treatment
Heterogeneous catalysts
Cathode modification
Chelating agents
Routine analysis of wastewaters quality parametersArvind Kumar
This document discusses parameters for analyzing waste water quality. It describes the objectives of waste water analysis which include monitoring treatment plant efficiency. Physical analyses examine characteristics like color and odor, while chemical analyses determine substance amounts. Key parameters discussed include biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrogen, and solids. BOD testing measures oxygen consumed by bacteria breaking down organic matter over time. COD testing uses chemical oxidization to similarly assess ability to consume oxygen. Their ratio provides information on a waste water's biodegradability.
1) The document discusses the history and evolution of wastewater treatment methodologies and standards for the textile industry, including prescribed steps and systems outlined by organizations like ZDHC.
2) It provides an overview of various wastewater treatment technologies and processes, highlighting their suitability and challenges for treating textile wastewater to achieve Zero Discharge standards.
3) Advanced technologies like electrochemical oxidation and flocculation, membrane bioreactors, and reverse osmosis are presented as necessary to remove hazardous chemicals and achieve ZDHC targets, but proper pre-treatment is also emphasized to reduce operating costs and membrane fouling.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Activation of hydrogen peroxide by chemical reagent to reduce COD in petroche...Universiti Malaysia Pahang
This document discusses reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in petrochemical wastewater. The objective is to reduce COD using hydrogen peroxide activated by two reagents: iron-catalyzed H2O2 (Fenton's reagent) and Al2(SO4)3-catalyzed H2O2. The methodology involves treating wastewater samples with different dosages of the reagents and hydrogen peroxide. Results show Fenton's reagent achieved 68-70% COD removal, while Al2(SO4)3 removal was not effective for COD but achieved up to 55% removal of total suspended solids.
Treatability Study of Leachate by Fenton OxidationIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on using Fenton oxidation to treat fresh leachate. The researchers determined the optimal conditions for Fenton oxidation through a series of experiments varying pH, ferrous sulfate dosage, hydrogen peroxide dosage, and reaction time. The maximum removal efficiencies achieved were 99.1% for turbidity, 86.3% for hardness, 85.1% for COD, and 99.3% for color under optimal conditions of pH 2.5, 1.5 g/L ferrous sulfate dosage, 3 mL/L hydrogen peroxide dosage, and a 40 minute reaction time. The study demonstrated that Fenton oxidation is an effective and feasible method for treating leachate.
Rapid Determination of Indirect COD and Polyvinyl Alcohol from Textile Desizi...Sandip Magdum
PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) is completely degraded and utilized by non-ubiquitous microorganisms as a sole source of carbon. PVA containing effluent treatments are not preferred because of high cost. PVA causes serious environmental pollution hence the objective of this work was to establish rapid and reliable method for analysis of COD (Chemical oxygen demand) and PVA concentration in textile desizing or any PVA containing effluent. Two indirect methods namely COD by TC (Total carbon) and TOC (Total organic carbon) were compared with COD chemical as standard. The percentage deviation of 0-0.8% PVA was same in both indirect COD by TC and TOC whereas for 1 - 4% PVA it was <10 for COD by TC and 30 to 35 for COD by TOC. Standard deviation range for indirect COD by TC was 600-3000, while indirect COD by TOC was 1500-28000. Indirect COD by TC was found more precise than indirect COD by TOC for PVA containing samples and more rapid than COD chemical. The spectrophotometrically analyzing PVA concentration by iodine method was reconfirmed and absorbance at 690 nm indicates corresponding PVA concentration. TC and iodine methods of analyzing PVA containing effluent were rapid and precise than conventional chemical COD method; these could be useful in the faster pollution detection and environmental protection from PVA.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
This document is a treatise submitted to Gujarat Technological University titled "Treatability study of low cost adsorbents for waste water treatment". It describes experiments conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost adsorbents like fuller's earth and lignite for reducing chemical oxygen demand (COD) in waste water samples from various industries, and compares their performance to activated carbon. The results show that fuller's earth and lignite achieved significant COD reduction at lower costs than activated carbon, demonstrating their potential as cost-effective alternatives for industrial waste water treatment.
Applicability of Fenton Process for Treatment of Industrial Effluents: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Wastewater and effluent treatment has undergone innovative changes over the years. Traditional wastewater treatment has yielded to modern and path-breaking procedures which are more efficient and effective. The world of difficulties and unknown has opened new avenues and paths to highly feasible effluent treatment procedures, so the vigorous importance of advanced oxidation procedures. This review paper will delineate the increasing importance of various advanced oxidation processes including Fenton treatment for wastewater. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP’s), which involve and includes the in-situ generation of highly potent chemical oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical, have emerged as an important avenue of technologies to accelerate the non-selective oxidation and thus the destruction of a wide range of non-degradable organic contaminants in wastewater which cannot be eliminated biologically. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are technologies based on the generation of highly reactive species, the hydroxyl radicals, used in oxidative degradation procedures for organic compounds dissolved or dispersed in aquatic media. These processes are promising alternatives for decontamination of media containing dissolved recalcitrant organic substances, which would not be efficiently removed by conventional methods.
This document summarizes research on the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of olive oil mill wastewater over zeolite-based catalysts. The researchers prepared a Cu/13X catalyst by ion exchange and tested its activity and stability for reducing phenolic compounds in wastewater. Characterization showed the ion exchange did not affect zeolite structure but a post-treatment calcination at 1273K decreased surface area and increased copper oxide particles. Testing showed the catalyst reduced total phenols in wastewater by over 80% and TOC by 20% with low copper leaching. The research aims to develop an effective treatment to reduce toxicity of olive oil wastewater before conventional biological processing.
IRJET- Effects of New Era Coagulants on Properties of Industrial Wastewat...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using new coagulants like poly aluminium chloride (PAC), aluminium chlorohydrate (ACH), and magnesium chloride to treat industrial wastewater. Specifically, it examines their effects on properties like chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, and pH levels. The document reviews studies on treating:
1) Textile wastewater containing dyes like reactive black 5, disperse blue, and congo red. Maximum decolorization and COD reduction was achieved using MgCl2/lime or FeSO4/lime.
2) Molasses spent wash from alcohol distilleries. Collective chemical and biological pretreatment methods were studied for decolorizing anaer
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...PranavkumarRana
The study aimed at color removal and COD degradation of
synthetic wastewater of methylene blue dye via photocatalysis using various spinel catalysts
prepared by different methods. The methylene blue dye with strong azo bond with structure
made up of autochrome and chromophore. The Azo dyes are widely used in textile, paper and
leather industries. The present study is essentially related to the degradation of selected
methylene blue and dye from synthetic dye wastewater however it has been extended to actual
industrial effluents. In order to control wastewater pollution due to dyes the UV-Photocatalytic
degradation technology has been carried out by some researchers using spinel catalysts. Spinel
catalysts are oxides with general formula AB2O4 where A and B are the rare earth, A has
octahedral site and B has tetrahedral site. alkaline earth, alkali metals and transition metal
cations which are expected to be able to overcome the limitations of semiconductors as
photocatalysts.
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The document discusses factors to consider when planning an effluent treatment plant (ETP) for a textile dyeing factory. It notes that factories must treat their wastewater to meet national water quality standards before discharging effluent. When planning an ETP, factories should consider the volume and characteristics of their wastewater, available land, costs, and treatment methods that include physical, chemical and biological processes. Common physical processes mentioned are screening, flow equalization, sedimentation and clarification, while chemical and biological processes are also options to treat wastewater depending on the factory's needs and requirements.
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A critical review on the recent progress in application of electro-Fenton pro...plalak6330
One of the greatest engineering challenges of this century is development of new technologies for removing
emerging hazardous contaminants from water.sources. Electro-Fenton (EF) as one of the most promising ap
proaches of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has received widespread attention for its excellent performance
in the removal of recalcitrant pollutants due to generation of strong oxidizing species like hydroxyl radicals
(•OH). However, the practical application of classical homogeneous EF process is hampered by a narrow pH
range (2–4) and production of sludge at higher pH values. The information obtained so far highlights the need to
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other hand, some strategies by preventing the Fe3+precipitation at higher pH values help the system work in a
wider pH range. In the final section, the challenges of these plans are discussed and perspectives for future
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Keywords:
Neutral pH
Electro-Fenton process
Wastewater treatment
Heterogeneous catalysts
Cathode modification
Chelating agents
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artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
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Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
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imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
3. • The dye manufacturing industries are among the most water consuming industries, which produce
complex wastewater containing heavy metals, organic and inorganic pigments along with low
amounts of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (Barbosa et al., 2018; Rodrigues and Külzer,
2016).
• The wastewater from dye manufacturing contains non-biodegradable organics and is toxic due to
various chemicals used in the production (da Silva et al., 2016).
• Dye manufacturing wastewaters are generally characterized by high color and high
• chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Wu and Wang, 2012).
• Therefore, if not treated properly the discharge of these wastewaters affect the receiving
environment by preventing the penetration of sunlight, decreasing the dissolved oxygen level, and
inhibiting photosynthesis (Verma et al., 2012).
• Conventional biological and chemical treatment methods are insufficient in the treatment of dye
manufacturing wastewaters due to its complex structure (Akyol, 2012). Thus, advanced oxidation
processes (AOPs) should be applied to provide the conversion of pollutants to less toxic or non-
toxic forms (Deng and Zhao, 2015).
3
Introduction
4. Introduction
• Electro-Fenton process is a modification of conventional Fenton reaction by
means of in-situ electro generation of Fenton’s reagent.
• EF process is an advanced oxidation process that is able to mineralize
organic pollutants such as
• pharmaceuticals,
• pesticides,
• dyes
• phenols, and phenol compounds
4
Introduction
5. Why Electro Fenton
• Application of EF process in wastewater can enhance
biodegradability and reduce toxicity (Nidheesh et al., 2021a; Babu et
al., 2019).
• Continuous formation of •OH without accumulation of Fenton's
reagent.
• Leaving no residue.
• Lack of toxicity of the reagents
• Electricity as a clean energy source is used in the process.
• Overall process does not create secondary pollutants.
5
Why Electro Fenton
8. Electrocoagulation
• Electrocoagulation process involves oxidation and reduction reaction in which destabilization
of contaminants (suspended, emulsified, or dissolved) happens because of application of
electric current to the electrolytic solution.
• EC unit consists of an electrolytic cell and metal (Al or Fe) electrodes which are connected to
an external power supply. The conductive metal plates are well known as sacrificial electrodes‘
which are made up of same or completely different materials as anode or cathode.
• In the EC process, anodic dissolution generates in situ coagulants along with hydroxyl ions and
hydrogen gas at the cathode.
• These in situ coagulants cause the formation of flocs within the sort of metal (Al or Fe)
hydroxides and/or poly hydroxides. The hydrogen gas generated at the cathode brings flocs at
the water surface by providing further buoyancy.
(M* Bharath,et al.,2018)
8
Electrocoagulation
9. Why EF+EC Combination
Reason Explanation
Enhanced Efficiency
Combining multiple treatment mechanisms increases the
overall efficiency of pollutant removal.
Broader Applicability
Hybrid processes can address a wider range of pollutants,
making them versatile for different effluents.
Complete Degradation
Ensures the breakdown of complex pollutants into simpler,
less harmful byproducts.
Reduced Energy Consumption
Energy consumption can be optimized, as some oxidation
reactions can proceed without external power input.
Removal of COD Color and Odor
Effective in removing COD, color and odor from textile
wastewater.
Minimized Sludge Production
Minimizes the production of sludge, reducing disposal
costs and environmental impact.
pH Adjustment
Allows for pH control within the desired range, optimizing
treatment efficiency.
Flexibility
Can be tailored to meet specific treatment goals and
regulatory requirements.
Why EF+EC Combination
10. EF + EC and EC + EF Why EF+EC better choice
• EF + EC and EC + EF processes have similar treatment efficiency.
• Alkali modified laterite soil was used as a heterogeneous EF catalyst and found
superior performance than the raw laterite soil.
• Laterite soil modified by an alkaline treatment was found to improve the surface
properties, as well as the EF activity.
• In EF process A total of 54.57% COD removal was observed after 60 min of the EF
treatment.
• Further treatment was carried out with EC process at different voltages. A total of
85.27%
• COD removal after 2 h treatment was observed by combining two electrochemical
processes. (Nidheesh et al.,2022)
10
12. Literature Review
Effluent Electrodes used Operating condition Pollutant reduction
(%)
Reference
Pharmaceuticals Cathode- carbon fibre
Anode- stainless steel
Current density -
0.45mA/cm2,
Voltage-1.8v
pH – 3
COD - 85%
Colour - 88%
Blenda ramirez, pereda
Alberto alvarez gallegos et
al 2020
Two parallel plates (ferrous
electrode used)
Current density- 58.47
mA/cm2,
pH- 2.89,
Volume ratio – 32 ml/L
COD – 97.21% Davarnejad & Meysam
Sabzehei et al 2018
Four iron plates pH – 2.99,
Current – 3.93 A,
Reaction time – 35.3
minutes
Removal efficiency
Cephalexine – 99.12 %,
Ciprofloxacine – 98.65%,
Clarithromycin – 99.38%
Irfan Basturk, Gamze
Varank et al 2020
Literature Review
13. Literature Review
EFP for Medical waste
water
Four parallel iron plates Current –3A,
pH – 3.4,
Reaction Time – 33.9
minutes
COD – 53.4%
BOD – 41.2%
Toxicity removal – 99.5%
Irfan basturk 2020
EFP
Synthetic waste
Graphite plates Current density –
0.55mA/cm2,
pH – 3,
Time – 20 minutes
Fe2 Concentration –
2mg/l
Colour – 89%
COD – 93%
TOC – 58%
Ayse kuleyin et .al 2020
EFP for textile
wastewater
Ti/RuO2 Current density – 0.32A,
Time – 90minutes
Ferrous sulphate
Concentration –
0.53mg/l
pH - 6
COD – 100%
Colour – 90.3%
P. Kaur , v.k sangal et. al
2018
13
Literature Review
14. Literature Review
SI.No Waste Water Electrods
used
Optimum conditions Removal
efficiency
Reference
1 Tannery WW Al pH;4-7
Retention time;360min
Current density=400A/m2
COD = 81%
CHROMIUM= 95%
Elabbas et
al.2016
2 Palm oil mill effluent Al pH;4.5
Retention time;65min
Current density=560A/m2
COD =75.4% Bashir et al.2016
3 Synthetic WW Al pH;10
Retention time;68min
Voltage=17 V
Nitrate = 87.95% Emamjomeh et al
2017
4 Domestic WW Al pH;6
Retention time;25min
Current density=1.65A
Turbidity = 98%
color =92%
Bracher et al
2020
14
Literature Review
15. Literature Review
Treatment process Cell configuration
(Anode/Cathode)
Wastewater type Maximum
mineralization
efficiency, %
Reference
EC-EF Cu/Cu/−BDD / Cu Oil and grease industry 99 8
EC Fe/Fe, Al/Al Paint manufacturing 93,94 9
EC Fe/Fe, Al/Al Textile 76,65 10
EC-PC Fe/Fe- Fe/Fe Various chemical and
textile industries
77 11
EC-O3 Fe/Fe Tannery plastics and
textile industries
60 12
EC-H2O2 Al/Al Plastics industry 90 13
EC-AO Fe/Fe-BDD / Fe Textile industry 99 14
c Boron-doped diamond(anode); d Peroxi-coagulation; EC-Anode BDD and,cathode- carbon felt
cathode e Anodic oxidation
(Hanane Afanga ,et al. 2020)
Literature Review
16. Literature Review
Process pH Electrolysis time
(min)
SEEC (kWh kg− 1) %COD Iron
consumption
(gdm− 3
EC 6 280 3.16 80 1.700
ECSA 6 280 2.33 97 1.399
EF 3 280 3.33 85 1.780
EFSA 3 280 3.67 92 2.064
(Louhichi et al .,2022)
16
Literature Review
17. Literature Review
All the processes sufficiently removed color from the wastewater in as much as between 77% and 94%
decolorization efficiency was gained.
(ECF, EF and PC) enhanced BOD5/COD ratio from 0.137 to over 0.3 while EC process could not increase BOD5/COD
ratio significantly.
BOD/COD ratio of textile wastewater is in the range of 0.1–0.25 indicating existence of non-biodegradable organic
compounds such as dyes in textile wastewater. Therefore, it is essential to find an efficient method of
wastewater treatment for color and toxic organic compounds removals from textile effluents.
The BOD5/COD index is usually used for the assessment of physicochemical processes as a pretreatment before
the biological processes
(Ghanbari et al.,2014)
17
Literature Review
18. Literature Review
0.137
0.178
0.341
0.362
0.317
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Raw textile wastewater
Electro-coagulation
Electrochemical Fenton
Electro-Fenton
Peroxi-coagulation
Fig.BOD5/COD ratio after iron based electrochemical
processes treatment at optimum conditions
(Ghanbari et al.,2014)
Literature Review
19. Research Gap
Textile wastewater consists of huge amount of dissolve pollutants which can’t be
effectively treated by the coagulation process.
Conventional process are not sufficient to treat POPs and dissolve dyes.
19
Research Gap
20. Research Objectives
COD Removal
TOC Removal
Colour and Odour Removal
Improving Efficiency
Improving
Biodegradebility
Energy Consumption
Reduce Sludge production
Electrolysis time
Material Degradation
20
Research Objectives
22. Experimental plan
• The sample was
taken out after
treatment
• According to
• DOE.
pH adjustment For
EF 3 And For EC 6
using 0.1N HCl and
0.1N NaOH
Cooling of the
sample
Heating for 30 min
for homogenous
solution
Preparation of
synthetic textile
wastewater (stww)
EF and EC at
different operating
conditions
22
29. • We Have Finalized which Red Azo dye we will work on.
29
Work in Progress/Outcome
30. References
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processes. Water res. 2000;34:2253–2262.
2. Oturan M.A. An ecologically effective water treatment technique using electrochemically generated
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chloroaniline for waste-water treatment using a carbon-PTFE O2 -fed cathode. J. Electrochem.
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4. Cruz-Gonzalez K., Torres-Lopez O., Garcia-Leon A., Guzman-Mar J.L., Reyes L.H., Hernandez-
Ramirez A., Peralta-Hernandez J.M. Determination of optimum operating parameters for acid
yellow 36 decolorization by electro-Fenton process using BDD cathode. Chem. Eng. J.
2010;160:199–206.
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generation of Fenton's reagents. Proc. Saf. Environ. 2016;101:34–44
6. Oturan N., Zhou M., Oturan M.A. Metomyl degradation by electro-Fenton and electro-Fenton like processes: a
kinetics study of the effect of the nature and concentration of some transition metal ions as catalyst. J. Phys.
Chem. A. 2010;114:10605–10611.
7. Oturan N., Wu J., Zhang H., Sharma V.K., Oturan M.A. Electrocatalytic destruction of the antibiotic
tetracycline in aqueous medium by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: effect of electrode
materials. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 2013;140–141:92– 97.
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8. Garcia-Garcia A, Martinez-Miranda V, Martinez-Cienfuegos IG, AlmazanSanchez PT, Castaneda-Juarez M, Linares-Hernandez I.
Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation-electrooxidation processes powered by solar cells. Fuel. 2015;149:46–54.
9. Akyol A. Treatment of paint manufacturing wastewater by electrocoagulation. Desalination. 2012;285:91–9.
10. Bayramoglu M, Kobya M, Can OT, Sozbir M. Operating cost analysis of electrocoagulation of textile dye wastewater.
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11. Kumar A, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS. Composite wastewater treatment by aerated electrocoagulation and modified
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ozone process as a pretreatment for industrial wastewater. Desalination. 2010;250:144–9.
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16.M. Pal, M. Malhotra, M.K. Mandal, T.K. Paine, P. Pal, Recycling of wastewater from tannery industry through
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References
Editor's Notes
The external addition of iron source is very important for the production of hydroxyl radical in EF process. The addition of iron source to the EF process increases the COD removal efficiency due to the generation of strong oxidants, majorly hydroxyl radical ( • OH). The
anode oxidation, in which the metal cations (Al or Fe) are generated;
(2) water is electrolyzed in the cathode, producing small hydrogen bubbles and hydroxide;
(3) solution reactions, in which metal ions react with hydroxide to form hydroxy complexes, which adsorb the pollutants, form coagulants, and can then be separated by coagulation/flocculation processes
SA=with and without Sparging Air
Electrocoagulation process A pair of iron electrode was used as anode and cathode with distance of 2 cm. The electrodes were installed within the electrochemical cells. Electrochemical Fenton apparatus This process was carried out in a condition similar with that of the electrocoagulation which was merely different in adding H2O2 in various concentrations before the electrolysis. Electro-Fenton process The platinum sheet with dimensions of 10 25 mm was placed in the center of the cell as anode that was surrounded by graphite felt cathode covering the inner wall of cell. Before the electrolysis, 2 L/min compressed air was bubbled for 12 min to saturate the aqueous solution with O2. Different concentrations of Fe2+ were added to the solution to investigate the effect of catalyst. Peroxi-coagulation (PC) process PC was similar with the electro-Fenton process. An iron electrode was placed instead of platinum sheet as anode electrode. During the electrolysis, the solution pH was regulated to 2.8– 3.4 and 6.2–6.7 by either 0.1 M H2SO4 or 0.1 M NaOH every 12 min.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that are resistant to degradation through chemical, biological, and photolytic processes.[1] They are toxic chemicals that adversely affect human health and the environment around the world. Because they can be transported by wind and water, most POPs generated in one country can and do affect people and wildlife far from where they are used and released.