* Building Vocabulary Through AFFIXES *Building Vocabulary Through ANTONYMS

1. Presentedby:
Mark Jay V. Peña

3. pre- -r /-er un-
dis- -ous -ness
-ing re- de- bi-
-ful -ment mis-
em- under- mid-
-ic -less sub-
super-
non- -al im-
-able -ly
cycle wonder said
govern sea quick
brace star way linguist
view possible happy
understood marine teach
sense person danger
frost hero fear play
comfort kind run write
enjoy judge

4. wonderful, wondering, wonderment personal, personable
unsaid dangerous,
government defrost, frosting,
undersea heroic
quickly fearless, fearful
embrace playful, replay, playing, playable,
display,
midway, underway, subway comfortable, comforter, discomfort,
linguistic kindness, kindly, unkind
review, preview, viewer, viewless,
viewing
running, runner,
impossible, possibly rewrite, writing, writer, writable
nonsense enjoyment, enjoyable, enjoyer
happiness, happier, happily judgment, prejudge, judging, judger,
misjudge
misunderstood Superstar
submarine bicycle , recycle , cyclic
teacher, teachable, teaching

5. What are Affixes?
• An affix is a morpheme that is
attached to a stem or root to form
a word.
• Affixes may be classified as
derivational, like English –ness and
pre- , or inflectional, like English
plural –s and past tense –ed.

6. Morpheme
• A morpheme is the smallest linguistic
unit that has semantic meaning.
Examples;
singular plural
book books
present past
deliver delivered
Phonemes
Graphemes

7. QUESTION:
 How many morphemes do these
words contain?
oplays
oable
obrighten
ocheap
otables

8. ANSWER:
WORD: NUMBER OF MORPHEME:
plays 2 morphemes {play} and {s}
able 1 morpheme {able}
brighten 2 morphemes {bright} and {en}
cheap 1 morpheme {cheap}
tables 2 morphemes {table} and {s}

9. • A morpheme is free if it can
stand alone, or bound if it is
used exclusively alongside a
free morpheme.
e.g..
UNBELIEVABLE

10. Affixes
• Affixes are word parts that change the
meaning of a root or base word.
• Prefixes and Suffixes are both Affixes.
un+cook+ed=uncooked
Affix
Affix

11. Prefixes
• Prefixes are word parts (affixes) that
comes at the beginning of the root word
or base word.
un+cook+ed=uncooked
Prefix
Affix

12. Suffix
• Suffixes are word parts (affixes) that
come at the end of the root word or
base word.
un+cook+ed=uncooked
Prefix
Suffix

13. Root or Prefix Meaning Examples
ambul To walk ambulance, somnambulist, perambulate,
audi To hear auditory, auditorium, audiovisual, audition,
bene Good, well Beneficial, benevolent, beneficiary, benefit
circum around Circumnavigate, circumstance,
circumference, circulatory
cred To believe Credible, credit, credential, incredible
dei , div God, god Divinity, divine, deity, deify
demo People Democracy, epidemic, demographic
duc , duct To lead, pull Produce, product, transducer, induct, reduce
ecto Outside, external Ectomorph, ectoplasm, exothermal
flu, flux flow Effluence, influence, reflux, influx
graph, gram To write Polygraph, grammar, biography, telegram,
graphic, electrocardiogram
hypo below, less than Hypotension, hypothesis, hypothermia
inter, intro between International, introvert, internal, introduce

14. Root or Prefix Meaning Examples
jac, ject To throw reject, inject, ejaculate, dejected
meso middle mesomorph, mesosphere, mesoamerica
mis bad, badly misinform, mispronounce, mistake
omni all omnivorous, omnibus, omnipresent
para beside paraprofessional, paramedic, comparison
phon sound phonics, phonograph, phonetic,
microphone
retro backwards retrorocket, retrospect, retroactive
sanct holy sanctify, sanctuary, sanction
super, supra above superior, suprarenal, superhero
theo, the God theology, theist, polytheist, theist
veh, vect To carry vector, vehicle, vehement
vita life vital, vitamins, revitalize

15. Number Prefixes
Prefix Meaning Examples
mono, uni one monopoly, monotype, monologue,
monotheist, unilateral, universal, unity,
unanimous, uniform
bi, di two divide, diverge, diglycerides, bifurcate,
biweekly, biannual, billion
tri three triangle, trinity, trilateral, trilogy, tricycle,
trillion
quat, quad four quadrangle, quadruplets, quaternary,
quarter, quadrillion
quint, penta five quintet, quintuplets, pentagon, pentane,
pentameter, quintillion
hex, ses, sex six hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextuplets,
sextillion

16. Prefix Meaning Examples
sept seven septet, septennial, septillion
oct eight octopus, octagon, octogenarian,
octave, octillion
non nine nonagon, nonagenarian, nonillion
dec ten decimal, decade, decalogue,
decimate, decillion
cent hundred centennial, century, centipede,
centillion

17. A Handful of Suffixes
Suffix Meaning Examples
able, ible able to be, capable of
being
pourable, drinkable, readable,
washable, visible, flexible,
collectible
ance, ancy state of, process of performance, reliance, defiance,
radiance, acceptance, ascendancy,
discrepancy, infancy
dom condition, office, state kingdom, freedom, wisdom,
fiefdom, sheikdom
ee one who receives payee, mortgagee, employee,
appointee, abductee, examinee,
referee, refugee

18. Suffixes Meaning Examples
er, or one who does [the verb] driver, hiker, reader, manager,
polisher, speaker, counselor,
author, creator, director, sculptor
ism doctrine, system,
characteristic quality
capitalism, heroism, optimism,
skepticism, realism, patriotism,
communism, idealism,
conservationism
ist one who performs; an
adherent of ism
tympanist, cellist, idealist,
communist, realist, moralist,
pharamacist, pragmatist
ize to make into rationalize, normalize, realize,
capitalize

20. ANTONYMPOEMS
A.C (FWMS)
What is the opposite of down?
A smile that is turned around
The water going up not down
A little kid that won't make a sound.
What is the opposite of sad?
A happy face that makes you glad
Not a face of fright and mad
Just the thought of being glad.
What is the opposite of small?
A big, huge shopping mall
A long distance call
A large, big basketball.

21. What are Antonyms?
Antonyms comes from
the Greek word anti
(opposite) and onoma
(name) and means word
pairs that are opposite
in meaning.

22. Common examples are:

25. •Words may have different
antonyms, depending on
their meaning.
•In addition, languages often
have ways of creating
antonyms as an easy
extension of lexicon .

27. Gradable antonyms
These words are two ends of
spectrum.
e.g.
• freezing and boiling, which could
include lukewarm, hot, very hot etc. on
the scale between them.
•superiority and inferiority, which
could include adequacy and mediocrity
on the scale between them.

28.  Relational antonyms
•These are pairs in which one
describes a relationship between
two objects and the other
describes the same relationship
when the two object are reversed.
e.g.
•parent and child
•teacher and student
•buy and sell

29. Auto-antonyms
These are the same words that can
mean the opposite of themselves under
different contexts or having separate
definitions.
e.g.
•fast (moving quickly; fixed firmly in
place)
•cleave (to split; to adhere)
•sanction (punishment; prohibition;
permission)
•stay (remain in a specific place;
postpone; guide direction; movement)

30. Non-gradable Adjectives
These are words that are
so mutually exclusive that
there is no middle ground
between them.
e.g.
• perfect and imperfect
•wrong and correct

31. That’s all!
Thank you 