Year Revision Powerpoint Development

1. Key Questions...
•What is development?
•What are the Patterns of Global
Development?
•How do we measure it?

2. Development is...
• Reducing levels of poverty
In pairs discuss:
What are the advantages and disadvantages of these statements as a
definition for development.
•Increasing levels of wealth
•Creating equal status for men and woman
•Creating justice, freedom of speech and political participation for everyone
•Ensuring that everyone is safe from conflict and terrorism
•Ensuring that everyone fulfils their basic needs: food, water and shelter
•Ensuring that all children have good standards of education
•Reducing the gap between the richest and poorest members of society
What four statements do you think give the best definition of development
and why?
Create your own statement / definition for development.

3. 1. National wealth (GDP)1. National wealth (GDP)
The wealth of a country is usually measured by its Gross National Product
(GNP) per person. The GNP per person of a country is calculated by:
Step 1: Add up the total value of goods and services produced by people living
in that country and by people abroad who are still citizens of that country.
Step 2: Divide this figure by the total number of citizens of that country.
The Brandt Line

4. 2. Health data2. Health data
Health data is also often used to describe a country’s level of development.
Two commonly used indicators are:
1.Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): the number of children who die before the age
of one for every 1,000 that are born. The figure varies widely, from 270 in
Sierra Leone to only 3 in Sweden.
2. Average Life Expectancy:the average age to which people can expect to live.
3. Human Development Index
(HDI)
3. Human Development Index
(HDI)
A comparative measure of life
expectancy, literacy, education and
standards of living for countries
worldwide.

5. Think..Think....
What are the advantages and disadvantages of different indicators?
(Do they give a fair/realistic overview of the development of that
country?)

6. Key Questions...
•What are the patterns of development in Ghana?
•What are the reasons for this?

7. GHANA - Facts
• Located in Sub Saharan
West Africa
• Poverty and Hunger
problems in Ghana
• Gross National Income
is $520 per person
• 45% of population live
on less than $1 a day
• 55% of working
population work on
farms
• Farmers are Ghana’s
poorest earners
• They have little savings
• 19% of Ghana’s children
under 5 are
malnourished
GHANA - Facts
• Located in Sub Saharan
West Africa
• Poverty and Hunger
problems in Ghana
• Gross National Income
is $520 per person
• 45% of population live
on less than $1 a day
• 55% of working
population work on
farms
• Farmers are Ghana’s
poorest earners
• They have little savings
• 19% of Ghana’s children
under 5 are
malnourished
Very Rural
Lower Income
Poor Transport Links
Little Industry
Few tourists
Poor Rainfall
Farming main source of
income
Lack of jobs
Poor drinking water
Health Care Available
Plenty of Teachers
Disease
Bad Malnutrition
plenty of jobs
good drinking water
Health Care Available
Plenty of Teachers
Healthy
Plenty of Food
Very Urban
Higher Income
Better Transport Links
Little Industry
lots of tourists
Reliable Rainfall
tourism main source of
income

8. Regional Patterns of Development in Ghana?
Ghana has a tropical climate. In the southern regions of the
country, the long wet season means that farmers can grow food
crops like sorghum, or cash crops like cocoa. Almost 90% of
Ghana’s crop is grown on tiny farms by 2.5 million smallholders.
However, the average farmer only earns about £160 a year.
The price of cocoa goes up and down on the world market. It’s
difficult to make a profit and invest it in the farm. Further north
the annual rainfall is much lower and it can be unreliable. This
means that the land has to be used less intensively and farmers
here can grow fewer food crops. Instead they keep a few goats.

9. Video
What can be done to help?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=lScsKYAuNHk
Plenary
This is how Cadbury World Helps Ghana!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=2ktLtvinZBs

10. • The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight goals to be achieved
by 2015 that respond to the world's main development challenges.
• The MDGs are drawn from the actions and targets contained in the
Millennium Declaration that was adopted by 189 nations-and signed by
147 heads of state and governments during the UN Millennium Summit in
September 2000.
• The eight MDGs break down into 21 quantifiable targets that are measured
by 60 indicators.
United Nations Millennium Goals
Key Questions...
• What are the UN Development Goals?
• How can these targets be achieved?

11. Who is helping countries reach their MDGs?
Working towards the MDGs is a major concern for many people working in
government and in voluntary sector. A disaster like an earthquake is
instantly reported around the world on the internet and by satellite. This
creates enormous public sympathy and people from both rich and poor
countries give generously to provide emergency aid.
However, emergency aid is only a small part of the aid given by both
governments and Non Government Organisations (NGOs) such as Oxfam,
Action Aid or Christian Aid. Most aid is in fact planned over a long period of
time to tackle poverty and improve quality of life. This is known as long-
term, or development aid. It is these long term projects, supported by both
governments and NGOs, that address the MDGs.

12. What do you notice about this picture?
Progressing towards Goals 2 & 3
(Education and Gender Equality)
Progressing towards Goals 2 & 3
(Education and Gender Equality)

13. Progressing towards Goals 2 & 3
(Education and Gender Equality)
Progressing towards Goals 2 & 3
(Education and Gender Equality)
An educated girl...
Marries later in life
Seeks medical attention
sooner for herself and her
children
Provides better care and nutrition for
herself and her children
Has a higher probability of
survival as do her children
Has fewer children
Provides good learning
opportunities for her own
children
Why is this important for
development?
Why is this important for
development?

14. How has literacy improved from 1990-2004?
1990 Male Female 2004 Male Female
Sub-Saharan Africa 60 40 69 53
Middle East & North Africa 66 39 74 52
South Asia 59 34 66 42
East Asia & Pacific 88 72 93 81
Latin America & Caribbean 87 83 90 88
Russia & the countries of
Eastern Europe
98 94 98 95
Complete following statement in booklet:
The lowest adult literacy in 2003 was in ......... . In this region female literacy
improved from ........ per cent in 1960 to ........ per cent in 2004. Male
literacy improved from ....... per cent in the same period.

15. How well is South Asia Progressing?
Positive Progress Indicates more progress needed
Indian universities produce the third largest
number of engineers each year.
The number of children missing from primary
school in India was 25 million in 2003
India’s college/university system is one of the
largest in the world with over 10 million
students.
Rural children often have to travel long distances
to secondary school. The cost of travel prevents
many poor families from sending their children to
school.
The number of children missing from primary
school in India in 2007 was 9.6 million.
Less than 40% of Indian teenagers attend
secondary schools.
The curriculum needs to change so that
students become independent learners and
critical thinkers.
Parents are often not willing to send teenage
daughters to school where there are no female
teachers
A survey in the late 1990’s found that 72% of
schools in India did not have a library
Only 1 in 10 young people go into higher
education. Most of these are from well-off
families.
THINK...
How can India progress towards reaching MDG 2 & 3?
e.g. What strategies are needed for improving school attendance?

16. MDG 7 - Improving water supply in
sub-Saharan Africa
MDG 7 - Improving water supply in
sub-Saharan Africa
The UN has set the target to doubling the access to clean water
and sanitation (the safe disposal of sewage) by 2015.
To meet this target we could:
1. Waste less water by fixing leeks
2. Use water more efficiently, for example using waste water from
washing to water the garden
3. Increase the amount of freshwater supplies

17. Action taken in Africa:
Lesotho Highlands Water Project
1. What is the Lesotho Highlands Water Project?
2. What are the short term advantages and disadvantages
of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP)?
3. What are the long term advantages and disadvantages
of the LHWP?
4. What alternative strategies can be used to manage
South Africa’s water?