Developing System Infrastructure

1. PHARMA COLLAGE
Developing System Infrastructure
Design Plan

2. Overview of System Infrastructure
System infrastructure refers to the foundational components and
technologies that support the operation, management, and maintenance of
IT systems within an organization. It includes:
• Hardware: Physical devices such as servers, storage systems, networking
equipment, and client devices.
• Software: Operating systems, applications, and management tools that
enable system functionality.
• Network: Connectivity solutions that facilitate communication between
devices and systems, including both local and wide area networks.
• Data Management: Systems for storing, processing, and securing data,
including databases and data warehouses.
• Security Measures: Protocols and technologies designed to protect the
system from unauthorized access and threats.

3. Importance of a Well-Designed System
A well-designed system infrastructure is crucial for several reasons:
• Efficiency:
– Streamlines operations and processes, reducing downtime and enhancing productivity.
– Optimizes resource allocation, ensuring that hardware and software are used
effectively.
• Scalability:
– Supports growth by allowing the system to expand easily as organizational needs
change.
– Facilitates the addition of new users, applications, or services without significant
reconfiguration.
• Reliability:
– Ensures consistent performance and availability, which is vital for business continuity.
– Implements redundancy and failover mechanisms to minimize the impact of failures.

4. Cont..
• Security:
– Protects sensitive data and resources through robust security measures.
– Reduces vulnerabilities and enhances compliance with regulatory
requirements.
• Cost-Effectiveness:
– Reduces operational costs by minimizing inefficiencies and optimizing
resource usage.
– Helps avoid expensive downtime and costly security breaches.
• User Satisfaction:
– Provides a reliable and responsive user experience, leading to higher
satisfaction and productivity.
– Facilitates better communication and collaboration through effective
network infrastructure.

5. Definition of a System
A system is a collection of interrelated components or subsystems that work together
to achieve a common objective. It is designed to accept inputs, process them, and
produce outputs through organized transformation processes. Systems can vary in
complexity and can be physical or abstract in nature.
• Components of a System
• Inputs: Resources or data fed into the system for processing.
• Processes: The activities or transformations that occur within the system to convert
inputs into outputs.
• Outputs: The final products or results produced by the system.
• Feedback: Information that is returned to the system to help adjust and improve its
functioning.
• Boundaries: The limits that define what is included in the system and what is
external to it.
• Environment: The context or surroundings in which the system operates, including
external influences.

6. Examples of Different Types of Systems
• Transportation System:
– Definition: A network of vehicles, routes, and infrastructure designed for moving
people and goods.
– Components: Vehicles (cars, buses, trains), roads, railways, and airports.
– Objective: To facilitate efficient travel and freight movement.
• Accounting System:
– Definition: A structured process for recording, summarizing, and reporting
financial transactions.
– Components: Ledgers, accounting software, financial statements, and audit trails.
– Objective: To ensure accurate financial reporting and compliance with
regulations.
• Information System:
– Definition: A system for collecting, processing, storing, and disseminating
information.
– Components: Hardware (servers, computers), software (applications, databases),
and networks.
– Objective: To support decision-making and improve organizational efficiency.

7. Cont…
• Production System:
• Definition: A set of processes and resources involved in producing goods
or services.
• Components: Machinery, labor, raw materials, and production schedules.
• Objective: To convert inputs into finished products efficiently.
• Healthcare System:
• Definition: A network of institutions, professionals, and resources that
deliver medical services.
• Components: Hospitals, clinics, medical personnel, and health insurance
providers.
• Objective: To improve health outcomes and provide care to patients.
• Ecological System:
• Definition: A biological community interacting with its environment.
• Components: Organisms (plants, animals), habitat, and environmental
factors (climate, soil).
• Objective: To sustain life and maintain ecological balance.

8. Types of Systems
1. Physical vs. Abstract Systems
• Physical Systems:
– Definition: Tangible entities consisting of physical components that can be seen and
touched.
– Examples:
• Transportation Systems: Buses, trains, and road networks.
• Manufacturing Systems: Machinery and assembly lines in factories.
– Characteristics:
• Can be static (e.g., buildings) or dynamic (e.g., moving vehicles).
• Involves hardware that operates within defined physical parameters.
• Abstract Systems:
– Definition: Conceptual or non-physical entities that represent relationships or processes.
– Examples:
• Mathematical Models: Formulas and algorithms that describe relationships between variables.
• Software Systems: Programs and applications that manage data and perform tasks.
– Characteristics:
• Focuses on ideas, theories, or concepts rather than tangible components.
• Often used for analysis, simulation, or planning.

9. Cont..
2. Open vs. Closed Systems
• Open Systems:
– Definition: Systems that interact with their environment, allowing for the exchange of inputs and
outputs.
– Examples:
• Information Systems: Software that adapts to user needs and external data.
• Ecosystems: Natural systems that exchange energy and matter with their surroundings.
– Characteristics:
• Highly adaptable to changes in the external environment.
• Continuous flow of information and resources in and out of the system.
• Closed Systems:
– Definition: Systems that are isolated from external influences and do not exchange information or
resources with their environment.
– Examples:
• Some Industrial Processes: Production lines designed to operate independently of outside changes.
• Theoretical Models: Mathematical systems that do not consider external variables.
– Characteristics:
• Limited interaction with the environment; often more stable but less flexible.
• Focuses on internal processes and outputs without external input.